FC-DISTRICT - Sustainable Places

New



-CHP network technologies for energy efficient and sustainable districts

FC-DISTRICT: An evaluation of energy saving potentials for districts served by distributed micro-cogeneration units”

Maria Founti

SUSTAINABLE PLACES 2014 1

Contents

• Overview – Scope of FC-DISTRICT project

• Description of FC-DISRICT system

• Demonstration site

• Energy saving and environmental assessment

Maria Founti SUSTAINABLE PLACES 2014 2

FC-DISTRICT: Overview

New µ-CHP network technologies for energy efficient and sustainable districts

• Project Coordinator: Mostostal Warszawa S.A. (Poland)

• Work programme topic addressed: EeB.NMP.2010-2

New technologies for energy efficiency at district level

• Technical Coordinator: National Technical University of

Athens (NTUA-Greece)

• 22 partners from 11 European countries

• Duration: 4 years (starting date: 01.09.2010)

• Total budget: 11,837,575 € (funding 8,000,000 €)


FC-DISTRICT: Consortium


Maria Founti

FC-DISTRICT: Concept

FC-DISTRICT optimizes and implements an innovative energy production and distribution concept for sustainable and energy efficient districts exploiting decentralized co-generation coupled with optimized building and district heat storage and distribution network targeting reduction in annual primary energy consumption at district level up to 60%.

It introduces a new paradigm in energy efficiency by developing systems, materials, technologies and methodologies specifically intended for integration at district level.


FC-DISTRICT: Main objectives

Development of new products/solutions:

• Micro-CHP System based on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)

• Innovative method for food waste exploitation

• External Thermal Insulation Component Systems (ETICS)

• District heating pipe with improved insulation

• Wireless/hybrid communication network

Integration of the new products into one solution for district –

FC-DISTRICT system – optimizing and tailoring the characteristics of the energy and power distribution systems to meet the energy and power demand of various building and district typologies.

Validation of the system by means of real scale demonstrations.


Innovative features of FC-DISTRICT system

• Prefabricated External Thermal Insulation Composite System for retrofitted buildings,

• Highly efficient energy production in micro Solid Oxide Fuel

Cell units,

• Flexibility of heat and electricity production,

• Dynamic and efficient heat transportation between buildings,

• Usage of renewables (mixture of natural and biogas),

• Wireless managment and control system optimizing district energy consumption.


Maria Founti

ETICS: Technical specifications

 Prefabricated sandwich EPS-Vacuum Insulation

Panels

 Adhesive and basecoat mortar for application without reinforcing mesh.

 Accessories: hammer dowel with plastic steel nail, free of thermal bridges

 Installation procedure:


External insulation systems for retrofitting and new buildings

The new ETICS allows a rapid modernization of an existing buildings to improve their energy efficiency, by increasing the insulation performance of a building envelope, thereby reducing heat demand for heating purposes.

Implementation of the new ETICS allows to adjust the building's energy demand for cooperation with a µ-CHP units .




-CHP based on high temperature SOFC

Micro-co-generation systems, producing both heat and electricity in a certain ratio to each other, provide potential reductions in carbon emissions and costs by generating both heat and electricity locally with efficient fuel use and by offsetting the use of centrally-generated electricity from the grid.


SOFC unit prototype

Maria Founti

• FC-District SOFC system model was presented at

HANNOVER MESSE, April 4-8 2011.


Building fitted with µ-CHP energy sources

Implementation of the µ-CHP unit into the building enables efficient heat and electricity production in cogeneration. Because the energy is produced at the place of consumption with option of transfering it to the network, the heat loses are minimized and the overall system efficiency is lifted up.


New district heating piping solution

Developed piping solution enables reduction of heat loses on energy transportation between FC-

DISTRICT buildings, as well as it reduces the time needed to execute construction works. In consequence the overall system energy efficiency is higher and it significantly contributes to the profitability of using FC-DISTRICT system solutions .


Dynamic heat exchange between building and district

The hydraulic layout of the FC-DISTRICT system enables it, to dynamically transfer energy from one building to another with minimum energy loses.

The developed solution makes the system integrate perfectly within an area of different type of buildings, with different characteristics of heat consumption. Therefore district is becoming more independent and even more reliable.


Maria Founti

Communication needed for control

The conventional approach to sensory networks assumes a homogeneous network infrastructure whereas most reallife scenarios are based upon the use of hybrid networks. This creates a number of issues related to the reliability of the received data, localization and remote calibration of the sensors and provision of the same quality of service to wireless and wired sensor nodes.

A prototype hybrid network has been developed and implemented.


Management at district level

Management and control system implemented in the FC-DISTRICT solution enables to manage and optimize operation of the energy production and distribution within the local network, so the whole system works in the most efficient way. Also in case of any emergency, it lets the district manager know what is the problem and enables quick reaction. Additional advantage of the FC-DISTRICT solution is wireless comunication between buildings and district manager office.


Scope of district scale demo in Poland

Real scale demonstration of FC-DISTRICT system in Poland

Features of

FC-DISTRICT system covered

EXTERNAL

INSULATION

SYSTEMS FOR

RETROFITTING

AND NEW

BUILDINGS

BUILDING FITTED

WITH SOFC

ENERGY SOURCES

NEW DISTRICT

HEATING PIPING

SOLUTION

DYNAMIC HEAT

EXCHANGE

BETWEEN

BUILDING AND

DISTRICT

MANAGEMENT

AT DISTRICT LEVEL

Items needed to demonstrate a feature performance of external walls in one building monitoring system

Maria Founti installation of

3 SOFC units in

3 buildings exchange of existing old district heating piping with newly developed pipes performance of new isolated district heating system connecting 3 buildings adaptation of boiler room performance of wireless hybrid communication solution implementation of control algorythms


FC-DISTRICT:Main demonstration site –

Mory, Warsaw-Poland


Real scale demonstration of the system micro-CHP units local (isolated) district heating wireless/hybrid communication


External insulation systems for retrofitting and new buildings


Building fitted with µ-CHP energy sources


New district heating piping solution






Decision support for FC-DISTRICT system acceptance: Environmental and Energy Assessment

Overall Scope:

• Estimation of the Life Cycle environmental impacts – abatement potentials.

• Assessment of issues regarding necessary infrastructure/conditions in which the FC-District concept is expected to be implemented :

• Development of a decision support framework , considering subjective attitudes from stakeholders


Energy and Environmental Assessment

Energy and Life cycle model (raw materials + manufacturing + operation) of the FC-District concept system: a. Energy Assessment for various types of districts (input for life cycle models) b. Comparison to a conventional life cycle model c. Examination of two district types (residential, financial center) d. Examination of two operation strategies (full scale, modulating)

• Incorporating the environmental impact associated to the construction of the district heat network

• Calculation of additional environmental indices


Maria Founti

Environmental assessment highlights

Heat Demand Side

SUSTAINABLE PLACES 2014

Operating Strategies

Heat Supply Side


Overall scheme of modelling and simulation methodology

• Simulation algorithm in MATLAB environment

•

Output is processed in SimaPRO 7.3 LCA software  LC Impact indices

Maria Founti SUSTAINABLE PLACES 2014

DEPOSIT: Heat Supply side Modeling

Input data – assumptions: o Occupancy profiles o Thermal characteristics of building types o District composition

 MATLAB based

 Data: Trnsys 17

 Sum of hourly values of the

4 building types

 District: o Single family houses o Multifamily houses o Hotels o Offices

Dimitrios Giannopoulos

Maria Founti

RV5, 2-3 July 2014 29

Energy assessment highlights

Simulation results: Annual district energy balance

Reference Case m-CHP Case

Maria Founti


DEPOSIT: m-CHP operating strategies

Scenario 1 : Stable (at full output with a shutdown summer period).

• Excess heat is stored in the buffer tanks. If the thermal demand exceeds the thermal output, the storage tank is checked if heat is available.

• The remaining demand after the buffer tank contribution is covered by backup boilers in the district. Units shut down only in the summer period.

• 3 individual unit groups, with 3 shut-down periods respectively.



Scenario 2 : Intermittent m-CHP operation (individual control of the m-CHP units with shutdowns according to achieving the minimum primary energy at the next timestep).

• Units can be shut down (or ramped down if shutdown is not an option), if demand is too low.

• Units can be divided into 3 main groups.

– The first two groups can be switched on and off or modulated simultaneously with no option of individual control.

– The third group can individually control its units. Units can be shut down with a

10% resolution. If the demand is very low, resolution increases up to 1% of the units to follow the demand. In the current simulations are units are assigned to group 3.

• The strategy in this scenario can be described as heat and primary energy following. Then the algorithm determines how many units shall operate at this timestep to minimize primary energy.



Scenario 3 : Intermittent m-CHP operation with demand forecasting (7 hour optimization)

• Same as Scen2, but operation changes according to forecasting

• Heat demand for the following 6 timesteps is foreseen . Primary energy factor is also foreseen for the 7th timestep ahead.

• Matlab neural network toolbox is used for the forecasting, with parameters such as historical data (previous values), weather forecast data etc.

• Goal is to reduce the primary energy consumed in the 7hour period.

Decision strategy

SUSTAINABLE PLACES 2014 Maria Founti 33

Maria Founti

DEPOSIT: Representative Results

Hourly residential district heat demand and supply frequency for operation scenarios 2 and 3

34 SUSTAINABLE PLACES 2014


Simulation results: Annual district energy balance (modul. oper.)

Residential Financial center

• Financial Center district: 3 times more heat intensive than residential

• Less mCHP contribution due to installation space limitations

• No storage loss, but no storage contribution in financial district!

 Little fluctuation in district heat demand



Comparative LCA results: Reference vs mCHP case - Residential district

• Significant contribution of

Natural Gas supply chain

• Contribution of materials – manufacturing is significant only in terms of noxious emissions (Acidification potential index)  Nickel production (required for

SOFCs) is NOx intensive!

•

All electricity production displaces equal amount of centrally produced electricity (German el. mix).




•

Small reduction in

GWP (from 51 to

46%) and Fossil

Fuel (from 7 to 5%) savings, due to the incorporation of heat network construction

• The acidification potential is actually increased, due to

NOx indirectly emitted during Ni production


Maria Founti



•

Results are highly sensitive to the CO2

“load” of grid kWh!

•

Assuming identical thermal loads and districts in three

European countries with extremely different grid electricity production mix

• Very little chance to achieve

CO2 savings in Norway, however in Poland situation is quite the opposite.



Comparative LCA results: Reference vs mCHP case – Financial district

•

Small reduction in GWP

(from 26 to 25%) and

Fossil Fuel (from 7.3 to

7.1%) savings, due to the incorporation of heat network construction

•

The acidification potential is reduced, due to the less contribution of mCHP

(installation space limitation in office buildings)

Maria Founti



Comparative LCA results: Reference vs mCHP case – Financial district

•

Results are highly sensitive to the CO2

“load” of grid kWh!

•

Assuming identical thermal loads and districts in three

European countries with extremely different grid electricity production mix

• Less extreme differences than the residential district, due to lower mCHP contribution.



Conclusions :

• The environmental advantage and fossil energy saving of the mCHP case is realised through avoiding emissions when the m-CHP electricity displaces central generation.

• However: All m-CHP generation is assumed to displace central generation

No confidence exists in estimating how “dirty” is the grid kWh at any specific moment

• The acidification potential may be indirectly boosted in the m-CHP case, due to NOx emissions during Ni production.


New



-CHP network technologies for energy efficient and sustainable districts

• Web site http://www.fc-district.eu/

Thank you for your attention

Maria Founti


FC-DISTRICT - Sustainable Places

FC-DISTRICT: An evaluation of energy saving potentials for districts served by distributed micro-cogeneration units”

New µ-CHP network technologies for energy efficient and sustainable districts

Related documents

Products

Support

FC-DISTRICT - Sustainable Places

FC-DISTRICT: An evaluation of energy saving potentials for districts served by distributed micro-cogeneration units”

New µ-CHP network technologies for energy efficient and sustainable districts

Related documents

Add this document to collection(s)

Add this document to saved

Suggest us how to improve StudyLib