39a - explain the roles of explorers and conquistadors,
including Zheng He, Vasco DaGama, Christopher Columbus,
Ferdinand Magellan, James Cook, and Samuel de Champlain
39b - define the Columbian Exchange and its global
economic and cultural impact
39c - explain the role of the improved technology in
European exploration including the astrolabe
 What were the motivations of early explorers?
 How did these motivations open up the world as we
know it today?
 Think about the still unexplored areas on our planet
and in the Universe… why do we want to explore
them? What is the benefit to mankind?
 With an elbow partner, discuss… we will share this in 2
minutes…
GO!!!!
 How did the Renaissance encourage exploration?
 How about the Crusades?
 But why?
 Luxury goods from Asia
 Spices
 Why spices?
 Traditional trade routes took a long time
 How do you think they got from Europe to the East?
 Bartolomeu Dias
 “To serve God and His majesty, to give light to those who
were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to
do.”
 The caravel
 Made it possible to sale against the wind
 Sturdier
 Triangular sails from Arabs
 Better navigational techniques
 The Astrolabe
 Prince Henry
 Son of Portugal's King
 Wished to spread Christianity
 Set up trade routes down the West Coast of Africa
 Slaves
 1488 – Dias and his crew
sailed down the coast of
Africa to what is now
known as the Cape of
Good Hope
 After storm, Dias
realized they were on the
other side
 In 1498, Da Gama reached India
 The first European to do so
 The 27,000 mile journey had given Portugal a direct
route to India
 http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/wh_survey05/se
cured/resources/applications/ebook/swf/animations/
whs05_019_534.html

 Zheng He
 Used the magnetic compass to help navigate by finding
direction; made navigation more exact
 The compass also helped European explorers
 Explored to show Chinese superiority
 Expeditions were cancelled because Chinese officials
though that they wasted valuable resources (cost too
much)
You have 2 minutes… starting now!
 Italian sea captain
 His mission was funded by Spain
 Find a sea route to India by sailing west
 Short-term impact: Increase tensions between Spain
and Portugal
 Long-term impact: Opened up the new world to
European settlers
 What was Bartolomeu Dias the first to do?
 What was Vasco da Gama the first to do?
 Portugal believed Columbus had reached Asia
 They believed Spain may have claimed lands AFTER
Portugal had discovered them (remember Vasco da
Gama)
 Pope suggested drawing an imaginary line in the
middle of the Atlantic Ocean
 What was Columbus’ goal?
 Who funded his mission?
 Explain the Treaty of Tordessillas.
 After Vasco da Gama, Portugal built a trading empire
throughout the Indian Ocean.
 The Dutch East India Trading Company
 Had power to mint money, make treaties, and raise
armies
 The Netherlands along with England eroded Portuguese
control of Asia
 http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/wh_survey05/secu
red/resources/applications/ebook/swf/animations/whs
05_019_534.html
 1500 – 1800, Europeans battled for control over
Southeast Asia
 They also began to conquer this region
 3 – things you learned
 2 – things you want to learn more about
 1 – thing you have a question about
 What was the early role of Spain in the Americas?
 How has the influenced lasted and shaped the
Americas today?
 It took Columbus nearly two months to reach land
 He had not discovered a new sea route to Asia…
 Her had actually reached an island in the Caribbean
Sea Scholars think was the Bahamas
 Why did he call the native inhabitants that he
encountered “los indios?”
 Columbus was granted permission/funds for three
more trips
 No longer as an explorer but now as an Empire builder
 His mission was to start colonies
 Territories controlled by another nation
What was Columbus looking for?
2. What did he actually discover?
3. On his later voyages, what was Columbus’ goal?
4. What was Magellan's men/ships the first to do?
1.
Explorer
Year
Nation
Importance
Pedro Alvares
Cabral
1500
Portugal
Claimed Brazil
for Portugal
Amerigo
Vespucci
1501
Italian in service of
Portugal
Claimed land
was not part of
Asia but of a
“New World;”
America named
after him
Vasco Nunez
Balboa
1513
Spain
Marched across
Panama to
become the first
European to see
the Pacific
Ocean
 Spanish Explorer
 In 1519, he set out to sail into the waters of the Pacific
and find the East Indies
 Magellan reached the Philippines and was killed
 His crew continued to sail towards home
 Only 1 ship of 5 made it and 18 of 250 men
 The were the first persons to circumnavigate the globe
 What does “circumnavigate” mean?
 Spanish Explorers lured
by rumors of riches
 Carved out colonies in
what would become
Mexico, South America,
and the United States
 What was the result?
 Tremendous Spanish
influence in the New
World
 Name one explorer and his importance?
 Conquered the Aztecs in 1521
 Motivated by gold and riches
 Only 600 men killed thousands of Aztecs
 Many killed by disease
 Conquered the Incas in 1532
 Pizzarro’s army of 200 killed roughly 30,000 Inca
warriors lead by Atahualpa
http://www.history.com/videos/goldpizarros-mayan-conquest#gold-pizarrosmayan-conquest
 Settlers mixed with native peoples creating mestizo –
mixed community
 The Spanish were also oppressive rulers
 Encomienda - Landlords purchased the labor of the
native peoples from the Spanish government
 By the 16th Century, Spain is the richest, most powerful
nation in the World
 Explorers push north into what is now the United
States
 Ponce De Leon – claimed Florida for Spain in 1513
 Coronado – lead an expedition through what is now
Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas
 Santa Fe, New Mexico founded by Catholic Priests in
early 17th Century
 What is the importance of the Spanish Empire today?
 Who were the Conquistadors and what was their
motivation?
 How did the settlement of North America take place?
 How does this shape the United States today?
 France, England, and the Netherlands claim land in
North America!
 Samuel De Champlain sailed up the St. Lawrence with
32 colonists and founded Quebec
 Quebec became the base for France’s North American
holdings
 Jamestown
 Founded in 1607
 First successful English colony
 7 out of 10 dies of hunger, starvation and disease
 Pilgrims
 Calvinists – What did Calvinists believe?
 Founded the Plymouth Colony (Massachusetts) in 1620
 Fled Europe to exercise greater religious freedom
 Puritans
 Calvinists – were against the Anglican church… why?
 Founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630
 Henry Hudson
 Englishmen in service of the Netherlands
 Was searching for a Northwest sea route to Asia
 Ended up explorer the waterways of the American North
East
 The Dutch also colonized a great deal of the Caribbean
 Before and after the French and Indian War
 Many battles fought between colonists and Native
Americans
 King Phillips War
 Metacom (also known as King Phillip) leads an attack
on colonists in Massachusetts
 Colonists respond with massacre
 Massacres on both sides