THE PARTICLE THEORY
ACTIVITY

What are the states of matter?

Make Oobleck- how does this fits into the states of
matter?
STATES OF MATTER

There are 4 main states of matter
1.
2.
3.
4.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
THE PARTICLE THEORY

There are four main points:
1.
2.
All matter is made up of tiny particles that are too
small to see
These particles are always moving and vibrating.
Solid particles move the least, and gas particles
move the most
3. The particles of matter are all attracted or
bonded to each other
 4. The particles have spaces between them. Solid
matter have small spaces than liquids and gases

ACTIVITY

Complete what’s the total volume and mix it up
again and compare the results.

We will discuss your results after the activity
HOW THE PARTICLE THEORY EXPLAINS
MIXING SUBSTANCES
Particles in matter are attracted to each other,
which is why solids are so rigid
 However particles can also be attracted to other
substances more than to themselves

This explains why substances can dissolve
 When salt is added to water, the salt particles are
more attracted to the water and the salt particles
break apart and spread out
 We will be learning more about dissolving

DISCUSSION
1.
If you added the marbles to a beaker of sand
would you get the same results? Why or why
not?
DISSOLVING

Many solutions are made by dissolving solids into
a liquid
Ex. Sugar dissolves in water and it appears to have
‘disappeared’. This means that it is water soluble
 In solutions the solute is more attracted to the water
than it is to itself resulting in the solid separating
 Do all solutes act this way?



Think back to adding flour or pepper to water, what
happened?
If the particles are more attracted to itself than it will
remain a solid and remain a mixture
DISSOLVING

Can you speed up dissolving?

If I were to give you a sugar cube, brainstorm some
methods that would speed up how fast that sugar
cube dissolved.
RATE OF DISSOLVING

The particle theory helps to explain the rate of
dissolving
1. Stirring- stirring moves particles around, this
causes the solvent particles to bump into the solute
particles breaking the bond between solute particles
 2. Small solutes dissolve quicker than large



Demo- sugar cube vs sugar crystals
3. Increasing the temperature- particles move faster
when they heat up and the solute and solvent will
bump into each other more often
CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

Answer the questions and hand them in