Ch 5
Towards Independence
Purpose:
 What:
Rebellion
 By: understanding what led to the
American Revolution
 So : we know how rebellion affects our
lives.
Rebellion
What is it?
An act or show of defiance toward an
authority or convention.
Geography Challenge
Purpose:
What: Rebellion
 By: interpreting maps to learn locations,
physical features, and human geography
of the regions of North America where
important fighting occurred during the
American Revolution.
 So : we know how rebellion affects our
lives.

Thirteen Colonies
Preview
Purpose:
 What: Rebellion
 By: identifying the roots of the nation’s
blend of civic republicanism, classical
liberal principles, and English
parliamentary traditions
 So : we know how rebellion affects our
lives.
Vocabulary Development
Purpose:
 What: Rebellion
 By: using one of the vocabulary
development strategies to define the key
content
 So : we know how rebellion affects our
lives.
Students will locate the Key Content terms
for the chapter.
5.1 /5.2
Purpose:
 What: Rebellion

By: understand what started the chain of
events that led to Revolution

So : we know how rebellion affects our
lives.
Introduction:
5.1
When is it Necessary for citizens to rebel against
their government?
I.
Introduction
A.
B.
C.
D.
Revolution begins in MA. 1775
Patriots (Whigs) support rebellion
Loyalist (Tories) do not.
French and Indian War causes problems
Large War debt
2. More land to protect
3. Must raise taxes.
1.
E. Colonist rebel against new laws.
Toward Independence
5.2
II.
Before 1763
A. People came to the American colonies for:
1. Cheap land, Religious freedom, economic
opportunities.
2. More importantly because they were left alone to
govern themselves.
B. Colonial powers:
1. Elect assemblies
2. Create, collect and spend taxes.
3. Make laws
Toward Independence
5.2
C. Conflict in the Ohio Valley
1. The French built Fort on British lands
2. Britain sent George Washington to deal fort
3. Washington starts the French and Indian War
D. The French and Indian War
C. British vs. French and Indians
D. Fought over land and power
E. Britain wins gets French Land
Toward Independence
5.3
III.
Early British Actions in the Colonies
A. New King George III is a stubborn, take charge
king.
B. The Proclamation of 1763
1) Problem: How to keep Native Americans and
colonists from killing each other?
2) Answer: separate them by drawing a line down the
crest of the Appalachian Mountains.
3) Colonist called it tyranny- unjust use of power.
4) King didn’t care sent army to enforce.
Toward Independence
5.3
C.
Stamp Act
1. Britain in debt because of war with France.
2. British citizen already pay high taxes.
Colonists very little taxes.
3. George Greenville, of England, taxes
colonists in America.
4. Stamp Act: Law requiring all colonist to pay
tax on all paper used.
5. Colonists said it violated their rights and
British citizens.
a. Protested: Boycott, sending messages and
violence.
6. Stamp Act was repealed by Parliament.
Toward Independence
5.3
The Quartering Act
D.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Americans noticed another law passed by Parliament in 1765.
Called the Quartering Act, this law ordered colonial
assemblies to provide British troops with quarters, or housing.
The colonists were also told to furnish the soldiers with
“candles, firing, bedding, cooking utensils, salt, vinegar, and . .
. beer or cider.”
Providing for the soldiers cost money. Colonists asked why
they should pay to keep troops in their colony. After all, they
said, the soldiers just took up space and did nothing.
In 1767, the New York assembly decided not to approve any
funds for “salt, vinegar and liquor” for the troops. The British
government reacted by refusing to let the assembly meet until
it agreed to obey the Quartering Act. Once again, tempers
began to rise on both sides of the Atlantic.
THE STAMP ACT
– tax on all paper
items (newspapers, playing cards,
etc) or JAIL
 STAMP ACT
THE STAMP ACT

Britain would use the money to pay of
the large debt from the French and
Indian War.
 Who started the French and Indian War?
 Who gained land from the French and
Indian War?
 Who pays high taxes, Colonists or
People in Great Britain?
NO TAXATION

Colonists ANGRY

NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION
NO TAXATION
Committee
of
Correspondence –share ideas
about ways to challenge Britain
 BOYCOTT
British goods!!!! STOP
buying them!!!!!
THE STAMP ACT
 Colonists ANGRY
again!!
THE STAMP ACT
Sons of Liberty – secret
societies that used VIOLENCE to
frighten tax collectors
 The
The Declatory Act
is ANGRY – how dare
colonists challenge authority
England
Declatory Act – only England
makes the rules NOT the colonists
 The
Toward Independence
5.4
IV.
The Townshend Act
A. Charles Townshend take Charge
1. He believed that the colonists’ bad behavior made it
even more important to retain an army in the British
colonies.
B. In 1767 Parliament to pass the Townshend Acts.
1. The new laws placed a duty, or tax, on certain goods
the colonies imported from Great Britain. These goods
included such popular items as glass, paint, paper,
and tea.
Toward Independence
5.4
C.
A Boycott of British Goods
1. Colonists said that the Townshend Act was
unacceptable.
2. Sam Adams was a gifted at stirring up protest
through his speeches and writings.
3. He help lead the boycott of British goods.
4. Women were very important to the success of
the boycott.
Toward Independence
5.4
D.
Repeal of the Townshend Acts
1. A new leader named Lord North became head
of the British government.
2. British merchants were losing because of the
boycott.
3. Early in 1770, North persuaded Parliament to
repeal all of the Townshend duties.
4. Except for one—the tax on tea.
Toward Independence
5.5
V.
The Boston Massacre
A. The massacre
1. The killing of defenseless people.
2. Patriots called this incident the Boston Massacre.
What really happened was a small riot.
3. Boston Patriots were the worst troublemakers in the
colonies. Trouble had been brewing in Boston for
months before the riot.
4. Bostonians resented the British soldiers. Called them
“lobsterbacks”
5. Troops were forbidden to fire on citizens. Knowing this
only made Bostonians bolder in their attacks.
Toward Independence
5.5
B. Mob Violence Breaks Out
1. On March 5, 1770, a noisy mob began throwing rocks
and ice balls at troops guarding the Boston Customs
House.
2. As the mob pressed forward, someone knocked a
soldier to the ground.
3. The troops panicked and opened fire. Two bullets
struck Crispus Attucks, a black man was the first to
die, but not the last.
Toward Independence
5.5
Massacre or Self Defense
C.
1. Samuel Adams saw this event as a perfect opportunity to whip up anti-British
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
feeling.
Prints of Revere’s engraving were distributed throughout the colonies.
Patriots saw the Boston Massacre as proof that the British should remove all
of their troops from the colonies.
Loyalists saw the tragedy as proof that troops were needed more than ever,
if only to control Patriot hotheads.
John Adams was a Patriot. But he also believed that every person, even the
British soldiers, had the right to a fair trial. Adams agreed to defend the
soldiers.
At the murder trial, Adams argued that the troops had acted in self-defense.
The jury found six of the soldiers not guilty. Two of them were found guilty
only of manslaughter, or causing death without meaning to.
The Boston Massacre
–info giving only on
one side of an argument
 propaganda
 How
could Americans use this
event as Propaganda?
The Boston Massacre
The Boston Massacre
 British
troops put on trial
 Troops acted out of self defense
 2 soldiers convicted of killing
and were branded on hand
The Boston Tea Party
5.6
VI.
The Boston Tea Party
A. The Tea
1. Boston Massacre did not spark new protests against
British rule.
2. Patriots drink Dutch tea that had been smuggled into
the colonies without paying duties.
3. In 1773, Tea Act prompted more protests. One of them
was the incident that became known as the Boston
Tea Party.
The Boston Tea Party
5.6
B.
The Tea Act
1. The Tea Act was Lord North’s attempt to rescue
2.
3.
4.
5.
the British East India Company.
It lowered the cost of tea sold by the British East
India Company .
Taxed British tea became cheaper than smuggled
Dutch tea.
Gives British East India Company a monopoly, or
complete control, over tea sales in the colonies
Nervous merchants wondered what would happen
to their businesses if other goods were also
restricted.
The Tea Act
 Tea
Act - England ends all taxes
except tax on tea because it is in
such high demand
The Tea Act
 Colonists
do not like this act
because they fear that British tea
companies will put us out of
business
The Boston Tea Party
5.6
C.
Tea Ships Arrive
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Angry protesters kept them from unloading their cargoes.
The royal governor blocks the exit from Boston Harbor until
the three tea ships are unloaded.
On December 16, 1773, the Sons of Liberty decided to
unload the tea, but not in the way the governor had in mind.
50 men dressed as Mohawk Indians boarded the three
ships.
About 90,000 pounds of tea were dumped into the sea that
night.
News of the Boston Tea Party excited Patriots throughout
the colonies.
The Tea Act
 Sons
of Liberty : “Tea ships in
Boston harbor to leave ASAP”
 BOSTON
TEA PARTY - Colonists
dressed as American Indians
attack ships and dump 342 chests
of tea in harbor
Tax on Tea
The Tea Act
The Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
5.7
VII. The Intolerable Acts
A. King George believes the issue was no longer about taxes. It
was about Great Britain’s control over the colonies.
“We must master them totally or leave them to themselves.”
King George III
B.
Parliament to pass a new series of laws so harsh that many
colonists called them intolerable, or unacceptable.
Throughout the colonies, they became known as the
Intolerable Acts.
The Intolerable Acts
5.7
C.
Parliament Punishes Massachusetts
A. Designed to punish for the Boston Tea Party.
1) Closed the Boston Harbor until tea was paid for.
2) Massachusetts is now under British control and
colonist can not meeting in town meetings.
3) British soldiers accused of murder would be tried
in England.
4) More troops are sent over.
The Intolerable Acts
5.7
D.
The Colonies Begin to Unite
The Intolerable Acts

Britain outraged!!!! They pass the
Intolerable Acts:
1. Boston Harbor CLOSED until pay for tea
2. Massachusetts firmly under the British
control. Dismissed the colonial assembly
and put General Thomas Gage in charge.
The Intolerable Acts
3. British officials accused of crimes
sent to Britain for trial. Why???
4. QUARTERING ACT – colonists must
house and feed British soldiers.
The Intolerable Acts
 British
hoped that this would teach the
colonies a lesson
 It
only made colonists angrier
 Colonists
solution
come together to create a
The Intolerable Acts
5.7
E.
The First Continental Congress
In September 1774, 56 delegates from 12 colonies
met in Philadelphia’s Pennsylvania State House
2. They decided they would:
1.
a)
b)
c)
d)
F.
Continue to boycott
Colonial militias needed to prepare to fight
Created and sent the Declaration of Rights
Agreed to meet in May 1775
The Colonies Form Militias
A. Colonies continued to boycott but if it didn’t work
each city and town prepared to fight by forming
militias.
B. In New England the volunteer militia men called
themselves minutemen.
“Shot Heard round the World”
Lexington and Concord
5.8
VIII. Lexington and Concord
A. King George III ignores colonies decides and wants to
strike a blow to the colonist. Orders General Gage to
be ready to strike that blow.
B. The First Blow at Lexington
1.
2.
3.
4.
In April 1775 British general Thomas Gage decided to
take away the minutemen’s weapons and ammunition.
On the evening of April 18, 1775, spies brought serious
news to Paul Revere and William Dawes. British troops
were heading toward Concord
On the morning of April 19, fewer than 70 minutemen
gathered at the Lexington village green, near Concord.
“Shot Heard Round the World”
Lexington and Concord
5.8
C.
The Second Blow at Concord
1. The British continued towards Concord where
2.
3.
4.
5.
they searched for gunpowder and weapons.
None were found!
Minutemen from all around came to help.
As the British marched back to Boston the
minutemen fired from behind trees and walls.
British were surprised because they expected
the colonists to break and run.
By the time the British reached Boston, they had
suffered 74 dead and more than 200 casualties.
Colonists suffered 49 dead and 41 wounded.
II. The “Shot Heard round the World”
A.
High Tensions
1.
2.
3.
B.
Boston militias called themselves minutemen because
they could fight on a minute’s notice.
British general Thomas Gage decided to take the militia’s
weapons, which were stored in the town of Concord.
On April 18, 1775, Paul Revere and another man raced on
horses to warn minutemen of the British troop movements
Bloodshed
1.
2.
3.
4.
Minutemen gathered at Lexington, near Concord.
Shots were exchange, and the British continued march to
Concord.
Colonists had hidden the weapons, so few were found.
As the British returned to Boston, colonists killed many
Redcoats, the colonists’ name for the soldiers.
Important Questions
What events led to the beginning of the
fighting between colonists and British
soldiers?

-Gage wanted to seize militia weapons
at Concord: Paul Revere warned
minutemen who assembled in
Lexington: Shot were exchanged.