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1. INTERSTATE FREEWAYS A. FREE
B. TOLL
2. MAJOR DIVIDED HIGHWAYS
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3. SECONDARY HIGHWAYS
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4. LOCAL ROADS
A. COUNTY ROADS
B. MUNICIPAL STREETS AND ROADS
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County road
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Interstate highway
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Major divided highway
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Dirt road
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THE MAIN GOAL OF THE HIGHWAY
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IS TO MOVE
PEOPLE AND GOODS FROM ONE PLACE TO
ANOTHER AS SAFELY AS POSSIBLE.
TO UNIFY THE TRAFFIC LAWS FROM STATE TO
STATE.
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THERE ARE 3 PARTS OF THE HIGHWAY
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM:
1. VEHICLESTO ENSURE THE SAFETY OF ALL VEHICLES
2. PEOPLE –
THE LICENSING OF ALL PEOPLE WHO ARE
ELIGIBLE TO OBTAIN A DRIVING LICENSE.
3. ROADWAYSTO ENSURE SAFE HIGHWAY DESIGNS

1. PAVED –
A. CONCRETE
B.
ASPHALT
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2. GRAVEL
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3. DIRT
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4 UNDER CONSTRUCTION
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1. VISIBILITY REFERS TO WHAT YOU CAN SEE FROM
BEHINDTHE WHEEL AND HOW WELL YOU CAN
SEE IT. IT ALSO REFERS TO THE ABILITY OF
OTHER DRIVERS TO SEE YOU.
2. TIME INVOLVES THE ABILITY TO JUDGE YOUR
SPEED AND THE SPEED OF OTHER VEHICLES .

3. SPACE –
REFERS TO DISTANCE. KEEPING YOUR
VEHICLE AT A GOOD SAFETY MARGAIN.
A SPACE CUSHION AROUND YOUR VEHICLE
OF 3 TO 5 SECONDS.
THE SMITH SYSTEM OF DEFENSIVE
DRIVING
1950’S
DEVELOPED BY HAROLD SMITH
FORD MOTOR CO. EXECUTIVE
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
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5 STEP PROCESS:
AIM HIGH –
USE THE 15 SECOND RULE (LOOK FAR DOWN
THE ROAD, NOT JUST RIGHT IN FRONT OF
THE CAR).
KEEP YOUR EYES MOVING –
DON’T STARE DOWN THE MIDDLE OF THE
ROAD MOVE YOUR EYES SIDE TO SIDE.
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
GET THE BIG PICTURE –
LOOK FOR HAZARDS (15 SECONDS AHEAD)
(OTHER MOTORISTS, PEDESTRAINS, VEHICLES,
BICYCLES, ETC.)
LEAVE YOURSELF AN OUT –
MONITOR THE SPACE CUSHION AROUND
VEHICLE
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MAKE SURE OTHERS CAN SEE YOU –
USE YOUR SIGNALS- DIRECTIONAL,
HEADLIGHTS, BRAKE LIGHTS, HORN
MAKE EYE CONTACT.
THIS DRIVING SYSTEM WAS DEVELOPED IN THE
1960’S.
THE ACRONYM STANDS FOR
I


–
STANDS FOR IDENTIFY
YOU MUST LOCATE HAZARDS AND POTENTIAL
CONFLICTS.
IDENTIFY objects or conditions within 12-15
seconds ahead OF YOU
 P stands for PREDICT


PREDICT what may happens based on your
observations and prepare for what you may
have to do to reduce your risk of being
involved in an accident.
DETERMINE WHAT THE HAZARD MIGHT
DO………..
 P stands for PREDICT


PREDICT what may happen based on your
observations and prepare what you may
have to do to reduce your risk of being
involved in an accident.
DETERMINE WHAT THE HAZARD MIGHT
DO………..
D – STANDS FOR DECIDE

DETERMINE WHAT YOU NEED TO DO BASED
ON YOUR PREDICTION
E
- STANDS FOR EXECUTE
CARRY OUT YOUR DECISION
 POSSIBLE ACTIONS:
1.
ADJUSTMENTS OF SPEED
(ACCELERATION, SLOWING OR STOPPING)
2.
ADJUSTMENTS OF POSITION
(CHANGING LANE POSITION OR COMPLETELY
CHANGING DIRECTION)

THIS DRIVING SYSTEM WAS DEVELOPED
IN THE 1970s.
THE ACRONYM STANDS FOR
 S - STANDS FOR SEARCH –
KEEP YOUR EYES MOVING AT ALL TIMES.
SEARCHING PROVIDES YOU A MEANS OF
LOOKING FOR HAZARDS.
THERE ARE 3 GROUPS OF HAZARDS YOU NEED
TO BE AWARE OF:
1. CARS, TRUCKS AND OTHER VEHICLES
2. PEDESTRIANS AND ANIMALS
3. STATIONARY OBJECTS
I


–
STANDS FOR IDENTIFY
YOU MUST LOCATE HAZARDS AND
POTENTIAL CONFLICTS.
IDENTIFY objects or conditions within 1215 seconds ahead OF YOU
P stands for PREDICT
 PREDICT what may happen based
on your observations and prepare
what you may have to do to
reduce your risk of being involved
in an accident.
 DETERMINE WHAT THE HAZARD
MIGHT DO………..
D – STANDS FOR DECIDE

DETERMINE WHAT YOU NEED TO DO BASED
ON YOUR PREDICTION
E
- STANDS FOR EXECUTE
CARRY OUT YOUR DECISION
 POSSIBLE ACTIONS:
1.
ADJUSTMENTS OF SPEED
(ACCELERATION, SLOWING OR STOPPING)
2.
ADJUSTMENTS OF POSITION
(CHANGING LANE POSITION OR
COMPLETELY CHANGING DIRECTION)

THE SAFE METHOD FOR DRIVING WAS
DEVELOPED IN THE EARLY 2000’S TO
COME UP WITH A NEWER AND NOT SO
OUT-DATED METHOD OF DEFENSIVE
DRIVING.
THE ACRONYM STANDS FOR:
S – STANDS FOR SCAN

KEEP YOUR EYES MOVING AT ALL TIMES TO
EFFECTIVELY SEE IMMINENT DANGER
A – STANDS FOR ASSESS

IDENTIFY OR LOCATE POTENTIAL THREATS
(ROADWAY FEATURES) TAKE NOTICE OF
HAZARDS THAT COULD CAUSE YOU TROUBLE.
F – STANDS FOR FIND

TO FIND “AN OUT” AN ESCAPE ROUTE THAT
ALLOWS YOU TO AVOID A COLLISION.
E 
STANDS FOR EXECUTE
EXECUTE A SAFE COURSE OF ACTION TO
AVOID A DANGEROUS SITUATION.
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
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THE 5 CHARACTERISTICS OF DEFENSIVE
DRIVING:
KNOWLEDGE - A GOOD DRIVER WILL HAVE A
GOOD KNOWLEDGE OF THE TRAFFIC LAWS.
ALERTNESS – A GOOD DRIVER IS ALERT TO
WHAT IS GOING ON AROUND THEM.
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ANTICIPATION - GOOD DRIVERS ANTICIPATE
WHAT MAY OR MAY NOT HAPPEN, AND THEY
TAKE ACTION TO AVOID MANY PROBLEMS.
JUDGMENT - GOOD DRIVERS DO NOT MAKE
RISKY MANEUVERS LIKE TRYING TO BEAT A
RED LIGHT.
SKILL – THEY HAVE THE TECHNICAL SKILLS TO
OPERATE A VEHICLE SAFELY THROUGH
TRAFFIC. THEY CAN HANDLE HAZARDOUS
CONDITIONS.
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It is the general term used to describe the
experience of feeling sleepy, tired, or
exhausted when driving a vehicle.
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Heavy eyelids.
Tired or sore eyes.
Poor concentration.
Yawning.
Restlessness.
Drowsiness.
Slow reaction.
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Boredom.
Feeling irritable.
Missing road signs.
Having difficulty
staying in the
lane/over steering.
Succumbing to
micro sleeps.
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Good nights sleep.
Pull over and stop.
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Affects of medication.
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Adjust environment.
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Radio usage.
Napping.
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Nutrition.

Stay hydrated
Do not use cruise
control.
 Remember,
once fatigue
sets in—sleep is the only
cure!
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WHAT IS HIGHWAY HYPONSIS?

Highway hypnosis is a very dangerous
situation that really occurs when
you're driving, generally late at night;
generally on lonely stretches of road
where there's a lack of mental
stimulation.

The best way to stay aware while driving is to
constantly look around. You should be
checking your speedometer periodically
anyway, as well as your rear-view mirror and
side view mirrors. Staying aware of any
changes in road markers, such as a two-lane
road becoming a one-lane road, is very
important when driving long distances.
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AVOID EATING HEAVY MEALS BEFORE
TRAVELING
GET PLENTY OF SLEEP THE NIGHT BEFORE
PLAY THE RADIO
COOL THE TEMPERATURE OF THE CAR DOWN
DRINK COFFEE
STOP AT A REST AREA AND WALK AROUND
OR JUST TAKE A NAP.