Water Nitrogen - Astro1010

advertisement
Chapter 6
Our Living Earth
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
Our Living Earth
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
twlee2016@gmail.com
Cloud of gas and
dust contracts due
to gravity.
Conservation of
Angular Momentum
means it spins faster
and faster as it
contracts
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
UVU Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
Chapter 6
Condensation
theory:
Interstellar dust
grains help cool the
cloud, and act as
condensation nuclei
to produce flakes
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Our Solar System
The interior of
the Earth has
been
determined by
studying the
transmittal and
reflection of
Seismic Waves
within the Earth.
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
Seismic waves are sound waves
generated by earthquakes. They are
compression waves and sinesoidal
waves. They reflect from and transmit
through layer interfaces with the Earth.
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
The Earth has a
solid iron inner
core, a liquid iron
outer core, a
liquid rocky
mantle and a
solid rocky crust
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
Can use the pattern of reflections made
during earthquakes to deduce interior
structure of Earth
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
twlee2016@gmail.com
The crust of the Earth is divided into several
plates that move with respect to each other.
The movement is driven by convection
currents in the mantle. Plate movement
results in earthquakes and volcanism.
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
Interactions between the plates are:
transform, sliding against each other;
divergence, separating; convergence,
coming together.
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
When plates slide against each other
cracks (faults) occur and earthquakes
happen.
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
The twisting Pacific plate has produced
many earthquake zones and many active
volcanoes.
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
At divergent boundaries new crust is
made.
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
Chapter 6
Survey of Astronomy
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
At convergent boundaries crust is lost
by subduction (sliding under) and
crumpling (mountain building)
The Earth’s
magnetic field
appears to be
generated by
electric currents
circulating the liquid
iron core.
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
The Magnetic Field
deflects the Solar
Wind around the
Earth much like a
stone in a stream
deflects water.
Charged particles that
penetrate the
boundary are trapped
in the Van Allen Belts
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
The trapped hot charged particles in the Van
Allan belts are shunted toward the magnetic
poles where they interact with the air
molecules. The particles are cooled by the air
which glows as auroras.
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
The Earth’s Biosphere, Oceans and
Atmosphere, come from hydrogen rich
gasses trapped inside the Earth during
creation. By far the most abundant of
the trapped gasses are methane,
ammonia, and water. The Earth is the
only planet where conditions are right
for liquid water to exist on the surface.
twlee2016@gmail.com
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
Trapped gasses Outgassing
Water
Nitrogen
CO2
Carbon Dioxide
Free H
CH4
NH3
OH2
Plant Life
Oxygen
N2
O2
Water
Plant Life
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
Earth’s Atmosphere
The Atmosphere
• Troposphere is where
convection takes place
– responsible for
weather
• The blue curve shows
the temperature at
each altitude
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
Convection depends on warming of
ground by the Sun
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
Ionosphere is ionized by solar
radiation, and is good conductor
Reflects radio waves in the AM
range, but is transparent to FM
and TV
Ozone layer is between ionosphere
and mesosphere; absorbs
ultraviolet radiation
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
The Human Element
More Humans,
Industrial Revolution
Global Warming
(?)
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
End Chapter 6
twlee2016@gmail.com
Astro1010-lee.com
Survey of Astronomy
Chapter 6
Download