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Review of Makhaarij
Al Huda Scarborough – Tajweed Class
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OUTLINE
 1. Mouth
and Teeth Diagrams
 2. Letters
of the Oral Cavity
 3. Letters
of the Throat
 4. Letters
of the Tongue
 5. Qalqala
Letters
 6. Characteristics
of Daawd
 7. Characteristics
of Sheen
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Diagram of Mouth
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Diagram of Mouth - Teeth
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Letters of the Oral Cavity
(Al Jawf)  This
is the empty space in the mouth
 The
three vowel letters and sounds originate from
here: Alif, Wow, and Yaa
 Alif
always originates from here
 Waaw
originates from here when its saakin and a
dhammah is before it
 Yaa
originates from there when its saakin and a
kasrah is before it
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Alif, Waaw, Yaa
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1.Air flows
through
Makhraj
2. Voiced
3. Softness in
sound
4. Back
and Middle
of tongue
do not rise
Yaa
Raising the tongue to the roof of the mouth
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Letters of the Throat (6)
Aain
Air flow
takes
detour
Voiced
Back of
tongue
does not
rise
AAIN
Middle of
tongue
does not
rise
Happy/light
letter
+ Aain - Makhraj
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Haa
Back of
tongue does
not rise
Air Flow
continues
Voiceless
HAA
Middle of
tongue does
not rise
Happy/Light
Letter
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Haa – Makhraj
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Ghaain
Back of tongue
rises
Air Flow
continues
Voiced
Middle of tongue
does not rise
GHAAIN
Awesome/Heavy
Letter
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Ghaain – Makhraj
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Khaw
Back of tongue
rises
Middle of
tongue does not
rise
Air Flow
continues
Voiceless
KHAAW
Awesome/Heavy
Letter
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Khaaw – Makhraj
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Hamza
Back of
tongue does
not rise
Air Flow
stops
Voiced
HAMZA
Middle of
tongue does
not rise
Happy/Light
Letter
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Hamza – Makhraj
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Haah
Back of
tongue does
not rise
Air Flow
continues
Voiceless
HAAH
Middle of
tongue does
not rise
Happy/Light
Letter
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Haah – Makhraj
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Letters of the Tongue
QAAF




Extreme back of the
tongue rises
KAAF

Back of the tongue rises

Touches HARD palate

Voiceless

Air flow stops at akhraj

Can NOT have qalqala
Touches the SOFT palate
Voiced
Air Flow stops at makhraj

Middle of tongue does
not rise

Qalqala
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Qaaf – Makhraj
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Kaaf – Makhraj
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Let’s Look at the Makhraj and
Characteristics of the Qalqala
Letters
+ Qalqala Letters
 Qaaf, Taaw,
Baa, Jeem, Daal
 Taaw
– tip of tongue touches the gums of the top
two teeth
 Baa
– lips close
 Jeem
– middle of the tongue touches the hard
palate
 Daal
– tip of the tongue touches the gums of the two
top teeth
 HOW
DOES QALQALA OCCUR? Air flow is
restricted at the makhraj; also the letters are voiced
 In
the Qu’ran, when stopping at a qalqala letter,
you change the harakah into a saakin
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Makhraj of Taaw
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Makhraj of Baa
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Makhraj of Jeem
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1. Airflow
stops at
Makhraj
2. Voiced
3. Qalqalah
4. Back and
middle of
tongue do
not rise
JEEM
Raising the tongue against the hard palate
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Makhraj of Daal
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Characteristics of Daawd
Back of tongue
rises
Air flow continues
through the
Makhraj
Voiced
Middle of tongue
rises
DAAWD
Awesome/Heavy
letter
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Makhraj of Daawd
+ Placement of Tongue – Sound is
Distributed towards Right and Left,
NEVER Front Teeth
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1.Air flows
through
Makhraj
2. Voiceless
3. Spreading
of sound
4. Back
and Middle
of tongue
do not rise
Sheen
Raising the tongue towards the hard palate
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References

Illustrations: All photo credits go to Dr. Ayman Swayd

http://www.therightfulrecital.com/2013/12/15/ibn-al-jazarismuqaddimah-part-8a-the-makhraj-of-%D8%B9-and%D8%AD/