5.6A SW explore the uses of energy, including mechanical, light, thermal, electrical and
sound energy.
Forms of Energy
-Wind is moving air. We can use the energy in wind to do work. The
energy in wind comes from the sun.
-When the wind blows, it pushes against the blades of the wind
turbines.
-The blades spin around and turn a generator that makes electricity.
-This electrical energy travels to your house. Wind energy only makes
a little bit of the electricity we use in the U.S.
Heat Energy
-Heat is a form of energy. Heat energy depends on the temperature
of matter. As matter heats up its molecules vibrate faster. A
thermometer measures heat energy.
-We use heat, called thermal energy everyday. There is a rule of heat
flow—Heat always moves from a hotter object to a cooler object.
-Energy cannot be created or destroyed. The same amount of energy
exists before and after it changes form.
EX: Wind
Mechanical
Electrical
Heat
Iron clothes
Sound Energy
-Sound is a form of energy created when an object vibrates.
- A tuning fork emits sound when it vibrates.
-When a drummer plays a drum, the drumhead vibrates and creates
sound waves.
-Sound waves cannot exist in outer space. They must pass through a
medium. A medium is a solid, liquid or gas.
-Sound
waves travel faster through a solid than a liquid. It travels
faster through a liquid than through a gas. Sound travels the slowest
through air.
-Sound energy helps us communicate with our friends, listen to
music, and watch television.
Light Energy
-Light is a form of energy that travels in waves.
Light travels in straight lines unless it hits another object.
-Light is produced when one form of energy is changed to light
energy.
-The source might be a candle, a light bulb, a fire, or the sun.
Mechanical Energy
-There are two forms of mechanical energy:
Kinetic energy-the energy of motion
Potential energy-stored energy
-A roller coaster at the top of the hill has
potential energy.
-As the car moves downhill, potential
energy changes to kinetic energy.
Forms of Energy
Electrical Energy-Circuits
5.6B SW demonstrate that the flow of electricity in circuits requires a complete path through
which an electric current can pass and can produce light, heat an sound
-Electricity-is a form of energy that is produced when electrons move
from one place to another
-The constant flow of electrons is called an electric current.
-Materials that allow electricity to move through them easily are called
Conductors.
-Copper is a very good conductor of electricity. That’s why electrical
wires are made of copper.
-Materials that resist the flow of electricity are called insulators.
-Rubber and plastic resist the flow of electricity. That makes them good
insulators.
Electric circuit-is a pathway that electrons flow through.
Electric circuits allow electrical energy to be changed into other
forms of energy.
Closed circuit-the switch is in the ON position. Think of the switch as a
drawbridge. When it is in the down position, electrons can flow across
the bridge from one wire to the other wire. The bulb lights.
Open circuit-the switch is in the OFF position. Electrons can’t flow
from one wire to the other wire . The bulb turns off.
Light Energy-Reflection and Refraction
5.6C SW demonstrate that light travels in a straight line until it strikes an object or travels
through one medium to another and demonstrate that light can be reflected such as the use
of mirrors or other shiny surfaces and refracted such as the appearance of an object when
observed through water
Light Energy is a form of energy that travels in waves. It can come
from a light bulb, the sun, or a computer screen. No matter what the
source it is, light travels in a straight line.
Light Energy Terms
Reflection-The bouncing of light from a surface.
Light travels in straight lines unless it hits another surface. Then it
reflects in angles.
Refraction-the bending of light as it moves from one material into
another.
Convex lens- a lens that is thicker in the center and thinner at the
edges. This shape bends light rays inward.
Concave lens-is a lens that is thinner in the center and thicker at the
edges. This shape bends light outward.
Transmit-means that light passes through an object. Light can pass
through a transparent window or something that is translucent.
Transparent-allows light to be transmitted or to pass through
Translucent- allows some light to be transmitted or to pass through
Opaque-does not allow any light to be transmitted or to pass
through
Absorb- means the light is taken in by the object
Matter and Energy
5.5A,B.C,D Classify matter based on physical properties, including mass, magnetism, physical
state, relative density (sinking and floating), solubility in water, and the ability to conduct or
insulate thermal energy or electric energy. Identify the boiling, freezing, and melting points of
water on the Celsius scale ,demonstrate that some mixtures maintain their physical properties
and identify changes that occur in the physical properties of solutions such as dissolving salt in
water or adding lemon juice to water