Introduction What is a Green House ? A Green House is a structure covered with a transparent material in which various crops are grown under a system of farming know as Protected Cultivation The Structure is also referred as Glass House / Poly House, depending upon the Cladding material used. Under Green House Technology favorable Micro Climatic conditions are created suiting to the crops raised. Green House Protect the Plants from adverse climatic conditions such as wind , low temperature, rainfall, excessive radiation, extreme temperature and pests. Green House Technology facilitates off –season production of crops to realize higher returns. Advantages of Greenhouses : Ensures multi-fold increase in crop output compared to open cultivation Facilitates year round production of selected crops. Mitigates impact of adverse climatic conditions in respect of certain type of Green House Facilitates substantial control of pest & diseases . Facilitates optimum utilization of all inputs. Facilitates raising of off-season production of crops. Aids in Nursery Propagation, Hardening of Plants Facilitates High-Tech Cultivation Practices like Hydroponic , Aero-ponics and Nutrient Film Techniques. Greenhouse type based on shape: • Lean type greenhouse. • Even span type greenhouse. • Uneven span type greenhouse. • Ridge and furrow type. • Saw tooth type. • Quonset greenhouse. • Interlocking ridges and furrow type Quonset greenhouse. • Ground to ground greenhouse. Lean to type Even span type Others 1). Green house type based on Utility Greenhouses for active heating. Greenhouses for active cooling. 2). Green house type based on construction Wooden framed structure. Pipe framed structure. Truss framed structure. 3). Green house type based on covering material Glass glazing. Fibre glass reinforced plastic (FRP) glazing i. Plain sheet ii. Corrugated sheet. Plastic film i. UV stabilized LDPE film. ii. Silpaulin type sheet. a) Low cost or low tech Greenhouse Low cost greenhouse is a simple structure constructed with locally available materials such as bamboo, timber etc. The ultra violet ( UV) film is used as cladding to cover the roof and sides. Increasing or decreasing the temperature and humidity mostly by opening side walls. Suitable for cold climatic zone. Suitable for high value vegetable crops during offSeason. Low cost green house with Casuarina poles Tomato cultivation in Low tech Greenhouse – In side view Out side view – Low tech Green house b) Medium-tech Greenhouse ( Semi- Automated) Less expensive compared to High- tech GH. Control possible manually/ Semi- automated. GI material can be used for frame work. Exhaust fans, thermo- stat to control temp. Cooling pads/ mist system to control humidity. Sun light control by regulating shade nets. Medium -tech Greenhouse Need more attention in operations. Suitable for Dry & composite climate zones C.) High- tech Greenhouse ( Fully Automated) Fully automated controls. Less attention in operations. Uses computer software for controls. More initial cost. More suitable to high end applications . ( Floriculture, Hydroponics/ Aeroponics) Requires assured availability of power. Hi-tech green house d). Shade net Greenhouses Suitable for commercial nurseries / vegetable crops during hot weather . It provides protection from excessive sunlight, heat, cold, wind, frost, and hailstorm. It also offers protection from insects, birds etc. Low Cost of construction Shade net Greenhouse Components of typical Greenhouse Different shapes of the Greenhouse Dome type Quonset Gothic A- Frame Ridge frame Schematic diagram – Semi automatic- Medium cost GH Comparison of different kinds of covering materials S. No Type Durability Transmission Light/Heat (%) Maintenance 1 Poly Ethylene 1 year 90/70 Very low 2 PE ( UV Resistant) 2 Year 90/70 High 3 Fiber Glass Five Year 90/5 Low 4 Tedlar Coated Fiber Glass Fifteen Year 90/5 Low 5 Double strength Glass Fifty year 90/5 Low 6 Poly Carbonate 10 – 15 years 90/5 Very Low Construction Cost S. No Type of Greenhouse Cost per Sq. mt area 1 Less expensive greenhouse without fan and pad Rs. 300- 500 2 Medium cost greenhouse with pad and fan system without automation. Rs. 800- 1100 3 Expensive greenhouse with fully automatic control system Rs. 2000- 3500 5 Shade net house Rs. 250 Project Study – Cut Roses • Cut Roses Cultivation in 1 ha under Greenhouse Conditions. • Benefit/ Cost Analysis. Source: NABARD, Model Bankable projects, (www.nabard.org) Project Components • Fixed cost –Permanent items like Civil structure, equipment, planting material • Recurring cost –Cultivation expenses, post- harvest expenses, over heads, Logistics • • Projected yield & Income Estimate the total production expected in different years and the realization expected through sales. • Benefit/ Cost Analysis • • Margin money 25% of the total cost that has to be invested by the entrepreneur. • • Repayment Principal and interest are to be repayable in seven years with a moratorium for the first year on interest and for 2 years on principal. 1). Fixed costs S.No A. STRUCTURES/WORKS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Material Size Grading and Packing shed Cold store and precooling Office, store, toilet, lobby etc. Green House Fencing Farm House Drainage Bed Support (Staking) Rate ( Rs./m2) Amount ( Lakh) 150 sqm 1,000 1.50 50 " 3,000 1.50 100 " 3,000 3.00 1 Ha 140 14.00 0.23 0.10 0.70 0.50 21.53 B. EQUIPMENT 9 10 Cold Store and precooling Drip Irrigation 11 12 13 Genset (27.5 KVA) Reefer Van Office furniture 17 Tables (Grading) C. PLANTING MATERIAL 6 months old grafts 120 cum 7000/cum ( 3” Tube well, 3HP Motor, OHT- 1000 Lit, Pump house 27.5 KVA 80, 000/ Ha GRAND TOTAL CONTINGENCY (5%) Total Fixed Cost 8.4 3.41 1.1 9 1.2 36.75/ Graft 0.5 23.61 29.4 74.54 3.73 78.27 2). Recurring costs a). CULTIVATION EXPENSES ( Rs/ Ha) S. No Particulars 1 2 Land Preparation and Layout Bed Preparation 10 Man days/bed, 250 beds ( 1.2 x 8 mt) Manures and Fertilizers (i) Manures (ii) Fertilizers Plant Protection chemicals Electricity for irrigation Labour (i) 400 mandays in 1 year (ii) 1500 mandays in year 2 (ii) 2000 mandays in year 3 3 4 5 6 1 st Year 2ND Year 5,000 - 62,500 - 3-8 Years 10,800 29,400 10,800 29,400 500 38,280 500 38,280 500 10,000 37,500 50,000 156,480 116,480 128,980 b) Post- Harvest expenses ( in Lakhs) Particulars 1 Preservatives and chemicals 1 yr. 2 yr. 3 yr. 7-8 yr. - 2.10 2.80 2.10 @ Rs.0.25/stem 2 Packing Box 700 stems/box - 1.20 1.60 1.20 3 @ Rs.100/box Transportation (a) from Farm to Airport (Export) - 0.34 0.45 0.34 (b) from Farm to Local cities @ Rs.0.10/stem Air Freight @ Rs.1.20/stem (Each box 14kg 700 stems/Box Freight Rate Rs. 60/kg) Labour Year 2 750 - 0.21 0.28 0.21 - 10.08 13.44 10.08 - 0.19 0.25 0.19 Year 3 1000 Cost of running precooling - 0.53 0.68 0.53 - 12.60 16.80 8.40 - 27.25 36.30 23.05 4 5 6 7 unit, cold store and refrigeration Commission on sale (a) EC, (b) Agent Total C). Over head costs A. Salary per year 1 Manager -1 60,000 2 Assistants -2 (production, marketing and office) 72,000 3 Clerk-cum-Typist-1 24,000 4 Guards - 3 27,000 5 Driver for van 10,000 6 Mechanic/overseer 12,000 7 Contingencies 5,000 Sub total Rupees 210,000 B Office overheads 1 Stationery 2,500 2 Postal 2,500 3 Electricity 3,000 4 Travels 2,000 Sub total 10,000 C. Insurance from 1st year and onwards 100,000 D. Repairs and Maintenance ( From 2nd Year onwards) 100,000 Total Recurring costs – In Lakhs ( 1st – 8th Yrs) 1yr. i) Cultivation Expenses ii) Post Harvest Expenses iii) Replacement of LDPE iv) Overhead v) Insurance, Repair and maintenance TOTAL 2 yr. 3 yr. 4 yr. 5 yr. 6 yr. 7 yr. 8 yr. 1.57 2.20 1.00 1.17 27.25 2.20 2.00 1.29 36.30 2 .20 2.00 1.29 36.30 4.16 2 .20 2.00 1.29 36.30 4.16 2.20 2.00 1.29 36.30 2. 20 2.00 1.29 36.30 4.16 2. 20 2.00 1.29 3.05 2. 20 2.00 4.77 32.62 41.79 45.95 41.79 41.79 45.95 28.54 PROJECTED PRODUCTION AND INCOME Particulars 1 2 3 4 5 6 No. of flowering stems /plant No. of flowering stem /m2 No. of flowing stems / ha No. of export quality flowers Year 2 : 80% Year 3 : 90% Income (a)Export @ Rs. 4/stem (b)Domestic @ Rs. 4/stem (c)Gross *Export @ Rs. 4/stem (due to deterioration in quality at old age Residual value 1 yr. 2 yr. - 15.00 105.00 10.50 8.40 - 50.40 2.10 52.50 - - 3 - 7 yrs. - 8 yr. 20.00 140.00 14.00 11.20 15.00 105.00 10.50 8.40 2.80 70.00 67.20 2.10 35.70 5.00 Cost/ Benefit Analysis ( Rs. Lakhs) 1yr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cost Benefit Incremental Benefit (1.B) P.W.of cost at 15% DF 83.04 2 yr. 3 yr. 4 yr. 5 yr. 6 yr. 7 yr. 8 yr. -0.10 32.62 52.50 52.04 41.79 70.00 69.90 45.95 70.00 69.90 41.79 70.00 69.90 41.79 70.00 69.90 45.95 70.00 69.90 28.54 40.70 40.60 72.24 24.66 27.50 26.28 20.77 18.05 17.28 45.99 39.98 34.74 30.19 26.28 28.11 18.50 23.95 13.70 28.11 13.97 28.11 12.14 23.95 9.05 16.28 11.54 11.30 9.41 6.68 14.39 9.82 9.22 7.36 5.03 9.33 =216.11 13.28 =230.57 12.06 3.98 =+13.96 2.81 = +2.50 2.03 = -6.01 -- PW of net 1.B -0.087 39.61 at 15% DF Net 1.B -83.14 19.78 PW of net 1.B -72.33 14.95 at 15% DF PW of net 1.B -69.25 13.73 at 20% DF PW of net 1.B -66.51 12.65 at 25% DF NPW = =Rs. 13.87 lakhs, BCR = 1.06, IRR = 20 + 5 (2.50 ) 2.50 - (-6.01) = 21.46 % = 21% Repayment ( Rs. Lakhs) Year 1 Net Bank loan Interest Repay Repay Bank loan Surplus Incremental outstanding at at 17% ment of ment of Outstan benefit the beginning of Interest Principal ding at the year the end of year -83.14 62.28 5.29* 67.57 - 2 19.78 67.57 10.58 15.87 - 62.28 3.91 3 28.11 62.28 10.58 10.58 12.28 50.00 5.25 4 23.95 50.00 8.50 8.50 10.00 40.00 5.45 5 28.11 40.00 6.80 6.80 15.00 25.00 6.31 6 28.11 25.00 4.25 4.25 17.00 8.00 6.86 7 23.95 8.00 1.36 1.36 8.00 - 14.59 Note: Costs & Prices vary from place to place. Construction cost : per square meter basis • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Sl.No 1 2. 3. 4 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 11. 12. 13. • Average cost of High Cost Greenhouse per square metre Rs. 2000.00 Specifications If double layer polyethylene used Co2 generation & distribution Evaporative cooling Heating system Humidification system Lighting Night curtain / Shading system Drip system Nutrient application system Porous flooring Benches Structural cost Miscellaneous Cost Rs/m2 100 150 200 100 100 200 150 20 100 100 150 300 180 Various subsidy schemes NHM ( National Horticulture Mission) Protected cultivation Item Max. Permissible cost Pattern of Assistance (a) Fan & Pad system Rs. 1465/Sq.m 50% of the cost limited to 4000 Sq.m per beneficiary (i) Tubular structure Rs. 935/ Sq.m 50% of the cost limited to 4000 Sq.m per beneficiary (ii) Wooden structure Rs. 515/ Sq.m 50% of the cost limited to 8 units (each unit not to exceed 500 Sq.m per beneficiary (iii) Bamboo structure Rs. 375/ Sq.m 50% of the cost limited to 20 units (each unit not to exceed 200 Sq.m) per beneficiary. 1. Green House structure (b)Naturally ventilated system Source: National Horticulture Mission, www.nhm.nic.in ( Scheme validity: up to end of XI plan ) APSHM (AP- State Horticulture Mission) www.apshm.ap.nic.in Pattern of Assistance SI. No. Item Estimated unit cost Pattern of Assistance 1 Shade net* House (wooden structure) Rs.4,10,000 per 1000 sq.mtr 50% of the total cost subject to a maximum of Rs.205/- sq. m. Limited to 5 units i.e each unit not to exceed 200 sq. m per beneficiary 2 Shade net house (Iron structure) Rs.6,00,000/per 1000 sq.mtr 50% of the total cost subject to a maximum of Rs.300/- sq. m. Limited to 5 units i. e each unit not to exceed 200 sq. m per beneficiary 3 Green houses Rs.9,35,000/per 1000 sq.mtr 50% of the total cost subject to a maximum of Rs.467/- sq. m Limited to 1000 sq. m per beneficiary * Only 50% to 75% shade net is to be used. Maximum ceiling :1000 sq. mtrs per beneficiary under shade net house & Green House. Crop Suitability • Low Cost Greenhouse/ Shade net: • Nurseries of high value vegetables – Tomato, Chillie etc • Nurseries of high value fruits- Papaya, Strawberries etc • Ornamental nurseries • Vermiculture Crop Suitability • Medium Cost Greenhouse: • Seed industry – Seed purification, Screening tests. • Vegetable cultivation – Value crops like Melons, Capsicum, Beans, Cucumbers, Tomato • Export Floriculture- Rose, Carnations, Gladiolus • Tissue culture- Hardening of Banana, Straw berry Crop Suitability • • • • • • High cost Greenhouse: Hydroponic / Aeroponic cultivation ( Soilless) Orchid cultivation Tissue culture Mushroom culture – ( Button mushroom) High value vegetables: Tomato, Peas Benefits / Risks Benefits • • • • • • • Off- Season cultivation Enhanced productivity / Quality Efficient use of inputs Effective control of pests and Diseases Implementation of tissue culture techniques Commercial nurseries of high value crops Hydroponic/ Aeroponic cultivation of crops Risks Risks • • • • • • • • • • • • High initial investments More need for skilled man power Suitable for limited crops High maintenance cost. Difficult to maintain optimum growing conditions Fertilizer deficiencies/ excess Release of toxic gases Power failures Susceptibility to certain pests( Mites) and fungal diseases. Tall growing tendency of the plants Difficulty in inter cultivation and land preparation Damages due to high wind gales/ Fire/ Other calamities Greenhouse Service Providers in Andhra Pradesh S.No Name of the Firm Address Contact number 1 M/s Hytasu Corporation 3rd Floor, Pioneer Chambers , Hyderguda, Hyderabad -28 Mr.N. Ramakrishna Mobile: 9848581663 2 Apoorva Agritech 4th Floor, Block A, Samrat complex, Behind Metro Rail Bhavan, Secretariat Rd, SaifabadKhairatabad, Hyderabad- 500004 040-23245988 3 Sri Bio Plus Near Swarupa Hospital, Sai Sankalpa Nagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad- 500055 9030986188 4 Bio Controls 1-10-223, Ashok Nagar Cross Rd, Ashok Nagar, Hyderabad- 500020 9866612691 5 Sri Sai Fibres (P) Ltd D.No: 1-5-16-5/B/1, Opp. PNB, Musheerabad, Hyderabad- 500048 040-65212644 Greenhouse Service Providers in Karnataka S.No Name of the Firm Address Contact number 1 Green house solutions No.13, Bhd Bagheecha Restaurant, Victoria meadow, Old Airport Rd, Banglore- 500017 9448487884 2 Agri- Grow Tech India (P) Ltd No.22/D, Behind Govt. School, Maruthi block, Srinagar, Banglore560050 080-66494642 3 Green Field Industries No.2, Near BangloreUniversity, 4th Cross, Ullal Mn Rd, Gnanabharathi, Banglore- 560056 080-23240771 4 Gamma Porite No.85, Near circle, Syndicate bank colony, Muddalapalya, Nagarbhavi, Banglore- 560072 9844805648 5. Agri- Grow Industries Banglore. www.greenhousebanglore.com 9986381386 Greenhouse Service Providers in TN S.No Name of the Firm Address Contact number 1 Mesa Envirotech (P) Ltd No: 30, O block, 36th street, Opp: Toku poloce station, Annanagar East, Chennai- 600102 044- 66427306 2 Weldcon engineeting works No 607/3, Begur rd, Near shahi exports house unit 6, Chikkanahalli crrs, Bommanahalli, Banglore560068 080- 25731699 3 Akshaya Irrigation systems 3/14A, Opp Tadco office, Dr. Balasundaram Rd, Gandhipuram, Coiambatore- 641012 9842222113 Greenhouse Service Providers in UP ( Uttar Pradesh) S.No Name of the Firm Address Contact number 1 Saveer Biotech Krishna Apra Plaza, D-1, 3rd floor, Alpha Commercial belt, Gost view, Greater Noida- 201306 0120-6450596 2 Technical Farmers No.1/929, Sector- J, Jankipuram, Lucknow - 226001 9565118000 3 Agriplast H.No: 39, Sector-1, Shiv vihar colony, Jankipuram, Lucknow- 226021 9411460484 4 Vandana Agrotech No:271, Civil lane ethwah, Ethwah, UP- 206001 05688-250281 5 Wetland agrotech 45, KP-1, Parichowk, Greater Noida, UP- 201306 01203135317 Greenhouse Service Providers in Kolkata S.No Name of the Firm Address Contact number 1 Prasant Polykraft (P) Ltd 114, Southern Avenue, Kolkata, WB- 700029 033-24632010 1 Air bridge Scaffolding ( P) Ltd Lichapur, Kamardanga, Howrah- 711104 03326775874/26773189 2 Oasis Irrigation equipment Co. Ltd P-6, Scheme-6, MSCIT, Kolkata, WB- 700054 03332591970/23648812 3 Air bridge Greens Lichapur, Kamardanga, Howrah- 711104 03326771449/26677208 Greenhouse Service Providers in Surat S.No Name of the Firm Address Contact number 1 Ethics Agritech Block No. 48, Plot No. K1 & K2, Tempogali Pipodara, Surat, Gujarat - 394 110, India 1 Hakimi wire netting Ind C - 19, Behind Swastik Weigh Bridge, Surat Kadodara Road, Vareli, District Surat, Surat, Gujarat - 395 003, India +(91)-(2622)-273281 / 325452 2 Green leaf agritech B - 1207, New Bombay Market, Umarwada, Surat, Gujarat - 395 010, India +(91)-(261)-2350557 3 Radha Krishna Agency D-8, Pramukh Darshan Appt, Near Mahalaxmi Tample, Anand Menon Road, Surat, Gujarat - 395 009, India +(91)-(261)-2778039 +(91)-8447576691 Greenhouse Service Providers in Mumbai S.No Name of the Firm Address Contact number 1 Tuflex Roofings Building No. 168/170, 3rd Floor, Abdul Rehman Street, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 003, India +(91)-(22)-23410552 / 23410553 2 RK Aluminium Shop No. 3, Blue Star Crystal Building, Sodawala Lane, Chamunda Circle, Borivali West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400092, India +(91)-(22)-28904677 / 28903413 3 Jain Irrigation 7, Kumtha Street, Ballard Estate., Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 001, India +(91)-(22)-22109090 / 22610011 / 22620011 4 Eco biovision 4, Shree Sanket Dutta Chowk, Majarli Road, Badlapur, Thane, Maharashtra 421 503, India +(91)-(251)-2670430 / 2675288 +(91)-8447529477 Greenhouse Service Providers in Pune S.No Name of the Firm Address Contact number 1 Sree At & Post Chimbli, Tal Khed, Siddivinayaka District, Pune, Maharashtra - 410 Poly house 501, India +(91)-8447570211 http://www.indiamart.com/shreesid dhivinayak/greenhouseservices.html 2 GM Greenhouses E. V. A. Flat No. 8, B - Wing, 2nd Floor, Opposite Swaraj Nagari, Main Gate, Talegaon Dabhade Station, Tal. Maval, Pune, Maharashtra - 410 507, India http://www.indianpolyhouse.com/g reen-houses-shade-houses.html 3 Greentech India No. 305, Swamipuram, No. 2160/ B, Sadashiv Peth, Pune, Maharashtra - 411 030, India +(91)-(20)-64059838 http://www.indiamart.com/greente chindia/green-house.html 4 G- Tech Agro Industries Shop No. 1, Parvati Nivas, Inglenagar, Warje, Pune, Maharashtra - 411038, India http://www.indiamart.com/gtec hagro/greenhouse.htm Greenhouse Service Providers in Delhi S.No Name of the Firm Address Contact number 1 Spectra Agritech B-1, B-2, Ashok Apartments, 3rd Floor, Ranjit Nagar Commercial Complex, Delhi, Delhi, India +91-11-25704370/25704497 911125703946 2 Saveera Biotech 1442, Wazir Nagar, Kotla Mumbarakpur,, Delhi, Delhi 110003, India +91-011-24602074,24622889 911124620211/24643326 3 Frig India C-19, Inderpuri, New Delhi, Delhi - 110 012, India Phone: +(91)-(11)25833019 Fax: +(91)-(11)25833019 4 Agrotek WZ- 91- B, 2nd Floor, Tatar Pur, New Delhi, Delhi - 110 027, India +(91)-(11)-25416916 Greenhouse Service Providers in Gujarat S.No Name of the Firm Address Contact number 1 Aatreyas Agro Organics P Ltd E- 178, Sector 26, GIDC, Near Videocon, Gandhi Nagar, Gujarat, Ahamedabad, India 9016448449 2 SS Engineering 5045, Jash market, Ring road, Sahara darwaja, Surat 9924101928 3 Riddi Siddhi Project technologies 331/7, GIDC, Markar pura, Vadodara, Gujarat 9825171926 4 Krishna Enterprises 3rd floor, centaur complex, Nr. Vijaya crss Rd, Navrangpura, Ahamedabad, Gujarat 9925043678 Greenhouse Service Providers in Punjab ( Ludhiana) S.No Name of the Firm Address Contact number 1 Blue Stallion Equipment Ltd No: 4585, Street no: 14, Near quality chowk, Shimlapuri, Ludhiana, Punjab- 141003 01615045218/5086147 2 Batra Seeds and Pesticides H.No: 2670, Street no: 5, Gandhi nagar, SBS Nagar, Nawanshahr, Punjab- 144505 01823260151/500262 3 Gurunanak Farm solutions Bhai Daya Singh Nagar, Barewal rd, Ludhiana, Punjab- 141001 0161-6543373 4 Acenture Techno Crafts No: 6, New Aggar nagar, Barewal rd, Ludhiana, Punjab- 141012 8054019000 Greenhouse Service Providers in Rajasthan S.No Name of the Firm Address Contact number 1 Symphony Agrovision D.No: 70, Shiva Heerapath, Chomu house, C- Scheme, Jaipur- 302001 0141-4059725 2 Rajastan Hightech – 4/26, Sukhadia centre, Agri products Co. Sriganga nagar, Rajastan335001 3 Green planet technology 0154-2481222 No:7, Rishabanagar, Sector no: 9414473603 14, Udaipur, Rajastan- 313001 Source of suppliers: www.indiamart.com www.indianyellowpages.com Thank you eFresh India Pvt. Ltd