Linking PEVs with Sustainability
& Building Benchmarking Goals
Workplace Building-related Emissions =
People needing/using power at work
Workplace Transportation-related Emissions =
People showing up for work
Washington State GHG Emissions by Source in 2010
(million metric tons CO2e)
23% of total state
emissions.
The Big Picture: WA’s Primary Energy Sources & Uses
Workplace-related GHG emissions: kWh vs. Gasoline
Comparing annual operations and transportation
emissions for a Seattle CBD office building
8.00
7.00
million lbs CO2
6.00
5.00
Emissions from bldg kWh
consumption
4.00
3.00
2.00
Emissions from
employees round trip
commuting in passenger
vehicles
1.00
-
Based on: 1 million SF office tower, electricity consumption of 17.5 kWh/SF; Seattle City Light emissions of 0.1
lbs CO2/kWh; 990 employee vehicles per day; 251 work days; PSRC 2006 Activity Survey commuter data; and
vehicle emissions based on US passenger fleet average of 22 MPG, 4.90 lbs CO2 per gallon for upstream
gasoline production, 20% adder due to oil sands content in Washington State refined gasoline, and 19.6 lbs
5
CO2 per gallon tailpipe emissions.
Which conventional passenger vehicle commuters have
the greatest impact on workplace-related GHG
emissions from gasoline?
60%
29%
11%
Short Dist.
Commuters
12.0 miles avg
29%
Medium Dist.
Commuters
34.6 miles avg
41%
Long Dist.
Commuters
65.2 miles avg
29%
% Vehicles by
RT commute distance
Source: Puget Sound Regional Council
2006 Activity Survey
% Total Emissions by
RT commute distance
6
Which PEV commuters could benefit from reliable
charging at work?
Round Trip Commute Distance
Short
<22 miles
12.0 miles avg
Medium
24-48 miles
34.6 miles avg
Long
>50 miles
65.2 miles avg
Nissan LEAF (all-electric)
84 miles
No
No
Yes
Chevy Volt (PHEV)
38 miles
No
Maybe
Yes
Ford C-Max Energi (PHEV)
21 miles
No
Yes
Yes**
Maybe
Yes**
Yes**
Make/Model (PEV type)
EPA rated electric driving range
Toyota Plug-in Prius (PHEV)
11 miles*
* Depending on how it is driven, may use both gas & electricity.
** Not sufficient range to complete trip on electricity alone.
7
Significant PEV savings:
Long Distance Commuter with workplace charging
3 year lease
19,306 miles per year: 66 mile roundtrip commute; 20 miles per weekend day
Vehicle
Monthly Lease Payment
Due at signing
Lease Term (years)
Fuel $/Month
Total Monthly Cost
Monthly Savings vs. Prius
Total Savings vs. Prius
•
•
•
•
•
•
Stnd
Prius
$358
$1,008
3
$125
$606
$0
$0
C-Max
Energi
$306
$951
3
$85
$513
$93
$3,351
Volt
$269
$2,399
3
$60
$489
$117
$4,217
LEAF S
$199
$1,999
3
$59
$406
$200
$7,200
Gas Cost: $4/gallon average over period.
Efficiency: MPG = EPA Combined City/Highway; Watts/mile = EPA rating.
Electricity: $0.11 per kWh average over period.
$0.15 per mile over 12,000 miles per year additional lease cost.
Maintenance: Not included. Lower for PEV.
Home Charging Station Costs: Not included. L2 plus installation would add ~$1,000 initial.
Based on Tom Saxton, Plug In America
http://www.pluginamerica.org/drivers-seat/leasing-plug-vehicle-total-cost-ownership
8
Energy efficiency provides benefits by
reducing load, while transportation
electrification provide benefits by increasing
load.
Increasing the use of electricity for
transportation provides net benefits for both
society [petroleum displacement, GHG
reduction, PM reduction, NOx+ROG reduction]
and utility ratepayers.