Effects of Introduction of Feed
Grains into Mid South Soybean
Production Systems
Bobby R. Golden
Delta Research and Extension Center
479-409-6191
bgolden@drec.msstate.edu
Mississippi-crops.com
Participants
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Jeremy Ross – U of A, State Soybean Specialist
Josh Lofton – LSU AgCenter, Agronomist
Gene Stevens – Mizzou Delta Center, Agronomist
Clark Neely – TAMU, State Wheat Specialist
Ronnie Schnell – TAMU, Cropping Systems Spec.
Trent Irby – MSU, State Soybean Specialist
Larry Falconer – MSU, Extension Economist
Bobby Golden – MSU, Delta Agronomist/Soil
Fertility
Graduate Students
• Melanie Fuhrman – U of A, Masters
• Richard Turner – MSU, Masters
• Potential Post Doc, or Associate yet to be
filled, will be housed at the DREC at MSU
– Have spoken with one potential candidate
Other Cooperation
• Pioneer Hybrid – Will provide the corn
Hybrid (P1637), Soybean (49T97R) and
Grain Sorghum (83P17) for the duration of
the project.
– Consultation with Pioneer Representatives
suggested that varieties will be available until
project termination.
• Soil analysis conducted by LSU AgCenter
• Nematode Analysis conducted by U of A
Rational
• The dramatic increase in
corn acreage in the MidSouth and the resulting
agronomic and economic
impact of incorporating corn
into Mid-South soybean
production systems.
• The unique problems and
management issues that
may result from a rotational
system of soybean and
grain crops, and the
incorporation of wheat in a
double-cropping production
scheme.
Why are we interested in Residue
Management?
• How we handle corn
stubble may influence
our overall soil quality.
• Residue management
may have a distinct
effect on soil test
sulfur.
• Corn residue
management may
impact soybean yield
Nutrients loss by burning
• Wheat and Oat
– 90% loss of N and C
– 75% Loss of Sulfur
– 24% Loss of
phosphate
– 35% Loss of Potash
Heard et al., (2006) Better crops
with plant food 90:3
• Corn Residue
–
–
–
–
81%
55%
11%
18%
loss
loss
loss
loss
of
of
of
of
N
S
phosphate
Potash
Kruse (2011) LA Newsletter
Nutrient Removal
Soybean
Nutrient
Total
Uptake
Corn
Removal in
Harvested
Portion
Nutrient
- - - -(lb nutr./ac)- - - -
Total
Uptake
Removal in
Harvested
Portion
- - - -(lb nutr./ac)- - - -
N
277
188
N
235
135
P2O5
56
40
P2O5
101
66
K2O
148
74
K2O
185
40
S
35
23
S
24
10
Based on 50 bu soybean crop
Based on 150 bu Corn crop
Source: Osmond and Kang, 2008. www.soil.ncsu.edu/publications/Soilfacts/ag-43916W.pdf and IPNI (Nutrients removed in Harvested portion of crops)
Outputs
• Soil Testing
– Total N&C, Mehlich-3 Extractable Nutrients,
Soil pH, Nematode analysis
• BMP Approach
– Fertilization level based on State
Recommendations.
• Commodity Tracking for Economics
– Determine economic optimum rotation
Year 1 Update
Project Planting Dates
Planting Date
Crop
Mississippi
Arkansas
Texas
Louisiana
Missouri
St. Joseph
Portageville
Stoneville
Brooksville
Pine
Tree
Newport
College
Station
Corn
03-26
05-13
04-11
05-7
03-7
05-7
Soybean
04-19
05-13
05-24
05-7
03-27
05-12
Grain
Sorghum
05-1
05-13
05-24
05-7
03-27
05-12
Year 1 Update - Mississippi
• Two locations – Brooksville and Stoneville
– Because of an overabundance of rainfall,
Dryland and Irrigated treatments are showing
little difference.
– Plots are looking good
– Not much difference in dry land vs irrigated
– 2 irrigation events
– Beans starting to turn, Corn ranging from 20
to 28%
– Grain Sorghum is done
Year 1 Update - Arkansas
• Pine Tree Location
• As of current the field conditions are very wet
from the persistent rain events over the last few
weeks. The soybeans have slight deer damage
that has caused a slight stunting in a few plots.
•
• Newport Location:
• Due to persistent wet conditions, all crops at the
Newport location were seeded on May 7.All crops
are being the Pine Tree Location. There is slight
stunting in a replicate due to prolonged standing
water.
Year 1 Update - Louisiana
• Due to inclement weather, all crops (soybeans, corn,
and grain sorghum) were established on the same
day. While not ideal, corn was planted later than the
current recommended timeframe but grain sorghum
and soybeans were planted within normal ranges.
• The field had very intense field preparations to aid in
improved water efficiency prior to this long-term trial,
weed pressures have been higher than typical.
• Due to this increased grass pressure in this field and
surrounding fields, fields have had increased army
worm pressure; however, an initial pesticide
application has diminished previous populations.
Year 1 Update - Texas
• Until May 15, College Station had received only
40% of normal rainfall for the year. However, we
received 9” of rainfall for the month of May alone,
which brings us within 2.5” of normal for the year.
Due to the dry conditions, plots were irrigated on
April 17 (1.2”).
• Soybean seed was not inoculated, but inoculated
soybeans were grown the previous year in the
same field and sufficient nodulation did occur.
• During Mid June slight to moderate herbicide
injury due to drift from neighboring plots/fields
occured.
Year 1 Production Issues
Greater Midsouth
Year 1 Production Issues – Greater
MidSouth
Year 1 Production Issues - Texas
Four Bean Pods
It Takes a Team
Questions ?