Social Reform—1820’s-1860’s
Second Great Awakening—Renewal of
faith in religion that swept the world
--Preachers across the country attempted to
get people to revert back to religion.
--Led to huge increases in Protestant and
Baptist churches
--The Awaking stressed that salvation was
available to all people.
--Shakers and Mormons were also formed
during this time (1774-1844).
Social Reform—1820’s-1860’s
James Finley—minister
who tried to spread the
“word of God”
“Mother Ann” Lee’s Shakers
Social Reform—1820’s-1860’s
Brook Farm—one “utopia” that stressed
nature in 1841.
--Founded by George Ripley
--Included writers Ralph Waldo Emerson
and Henry David Thoreau
--Located away from the city, Brook Farm
was dedicated to education and selfcultivation.
By 1850 the movement began to fade--
Social Reform—1820’s-1860’s
Social Reform—1820’s-1860’s
Institutional Reform
--Dorothea Dix
A) Became interested in the mentally
ill in 1841
B) After touring many mental
institutions she was indirectly
responsible for the founding of 30
mental institutions.
--Prisons
A) Began to stress rehabilitation
instead of punishment.
Social Reform—1820’s-1860’s
Dorothea “Dragon” Dix
Social Reform—1820’s-1860’s
Temperance Movement—1820-1860
A)Tried to get people to limit alcohol use
B)Blamed most of societies problems on
alcohol
C)Ten Nights in a Bar Room and What I
Saw—Book that blamed alcohol for
violent crimes and poverty--Extra Credit
Opportunity??
D)Many immigrants fought the movement
E)1846—Maine banned all sales of alcohol
Social Reform—1820’s-1860’s
Social Reform—1820’s-1860’s
Social Reform—1820’s-1860’s
Social Reform—1820’s-1860’s
Education Reform
A)Horace Mann—Reformed schools in
Massachusetts and opened schools for
teachers.
B)Founded state-run schools instead of
private ones
C)1821—First free public high school
opened in Boston, MA
D)Many people fought these
reforms…WHY?
Social Reform—1820’s-1860’s
Social Reform—1820’s-1860’s
E) Mary Jane Patterson—Became the first
woman to receive a college degree from a
U.S. institution in 1862.
F) Emma Willard and Mary Lyon—
Founded secondary schools and colleges
for women in the early 1800’s.
Mount Holyoke College