This ppt is a model to demonstrate a revision technique
for all essays but using as an example the event ‘The
March on Washington.’
I call it vertical learning because it makes you respond in
the blank slides that follow one another vertically
You know that you are required to:
• Identify an event
• Signal FOUR causes
• Describe THREE or FOUR consequences for groups or
people
If you’ save as’ this template into your hard drive, you can
repeat the activity
First step is to identify the key ideas
1. The Birmingham Campaign after an initial setback at Albany.
(Paragraph 1 can deal with Albany and Birmingham) At
Birmingham a concerted campaign desegregated the most
segregated city in the South
2. President Kennedy spoke of his commitment to equality for all.
3. A white backlash to the Birmingham success saw NAACP leader
Medgar Evers assassinated and the bombing of a church in
Birmingham,
4. The March on Washington witnessed up to 250 000 people
descending on Washington
5. The consequences of this march were to see a commitment to
Civil Rights
6. despite the assassination of President Kennedy his successor
President Johnson steered the act through Congress in 1964.
7. The awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to M L King
Key ideas
1963 was a significant year for the Civil Rights Movement with the March on
Washington as the highlight. (This signals the event) Earlier in the year the
movement had experienced success with the 1. Birmingham Campaign after
an initial setback at Albany. (Paragraph 1 can deal with Albany and
Birmingham) At Birmingham a concerted campaign desegregated the most
segregated city in the South. (The previous sentence has signalled
Birmingham so you probably do not need this underlined one) 2. President
Kennedy spoke of his commitment to equality for all. 3. A white backlash to
the Birmingham success saw NAACP leader Medgar Evers assassinated and
the bombing of a church in Birmingham, but this only increased the resolve
to force the hand of the Kennedys to follow up their rhetoric with action.
4.The March on Washington witnessed up to 250 000 people descending on
Washington to mark 100 years since Abraham Lincoln’s emancipation
proclamation. The consequences of this march were to see a commitment to
a Civil Rights Bill from the Federal Government and despite the
assassination of President Kennedy his successor President Johnson
steered the act through Congress in 1964. The awarding of the Nobel Peace
Prize to Martin Luther King was due recognition of the success of the
movement.
Introduction
Birmingham paragarph
Albany failure - lessons
BUCC
B = Birmingham
BU = Bull
U = Usual methods of protest C = Connor
C = Confrontation ‘Project C’ C = Commissioner
C = Children
Birmingham paragraph key ideas
The Birmingham Campaign was a co-ordinated initiative to desegregate one of the most segregated cities in the South. The
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) led by Reverend
Doctor Martin Luther King and the Students Non-Violent
Coordinating Committee (SNCC) had earlier in the year received a
set-back with a campaign in Albany, Georgia. The local Police Chief,
Laurie Pritchett had absorbed all of the protests by imprisoning all
protestors in local jails. This had defused the protest. But lessons
learnt where applied in Birmingham with a concerted campaign that
targeted confrontation as a major difference from Albany. Bull
Connor, the Police Chief in Birmingham, gave the protest the
reaction that guaranteed success. The usual strategies of sit-ins,
street marches, speeches and boycotts were all applied and many
were arrested. When the protest seemed to be stalling because
many of the adults were in prison, children were used by the
movement. By turning police dogs and fire hoses on to the children,
world-wide media attention was focused on Birmingham. King was
arrested and imprisoned, where he wrote his ‘Letter from a
Birmingham jail’, smuggled out on pieces of toilet paper and the
edges of newspaper. The media exposure led to success in the
campaign when the city authorities agreed to make changes to Jim
Crow. This encouraged the movement to build on the gains with
more action.
KEY IDEAS
• President Kennedy went on national television
• possible for any American to attend a school
• to receive equal service, equal accommodation, equal
access to voting rights and equal opportunity.
• statistics are stacked against the American Negro.
• Yet Negroes serve in theatres of war
• Comprehensive Civil Rights bill signalled
•
President Kennedy paragraph key ideas
President Kennedy went on national television and signalled that the
Federal Government would commit to a concerted campaign to
focus on the issue of Civil Rights. He argued that it ought to be
possible for any American to attend a school without troops backing
them up. It ought to be possible for any Americans regardless of
colour to receive equal service, equal accommodation, equal access
to voting rights and equal opportunity. The statistics are stacked
against the American Negro. And yet the country asked the Negro to
serve in theatres of war as Amercians. He went on to signal a
comprehensive set of initiatives by the Federal Government and
called on all states to do the same
•
President Kennedy paragraph
White backlash key points
Medgar Evers Mississippi
Sunday School bombing in Birmingham
White backlash
Unfortunately for the Civil Rights Movement, the gains made at
Birmingham and the optimism signalled by the President, received two
setbacks. When four little girls were murdered by a bomb set off in a
Sunday School in Birmingham and the leader of the NAACP in
Mississippi, Medgar Evars was assassinated, it was clear that progress
came at the price of a white backlash. The White Citizen’s Council and the
Ku Klux Klan even began to use some of the same techniques as the Civil
Rights protests. The leaders decided tnat what was required was a March
on Washington.
Unfortunately
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March to Washington August 1963.
aims - npresent a list of the needs of Blacks
support President Kennedy’s Civil Rights Bill.
Monument to Lincoln Memorial
200 000
“I have a dream” speech –
highlight of the Civil Rights Movement.
Key points of March on Washington
A massive Civil Rights march to Washington was held in August 1963.
It's aims were to present a list of the needs of Blacks and to support
President Kennedy’s Civil Rights Bill. The march planned to go from the
Washington Monument commemorated the founding of the U.S.A.) to
the Lincoln Memorial (the President who abolished slavery in 1863 ) In
excess of 200 000 marched. From the four corners of America. They
listened to speeches and music from many black and white singers.
Martin Luther King made his famous “I have a dream"speech- thought
to be one of the most powerful speeches in the 20th century. It
contained a great deal of emotion along with King's prophetic quality .
This was seen by many as the highlight o f the Civil Rights Movement.
Write your paragraph here
The consequences of this march were to see an increased
commitment to Civil Rights by the Kennedy administration.
despite the assassination of President Kennedy his successor
President Johnson steered the act through Congress in 1964.
The awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to M L King