The Value of Life
Get Started
1. Are you enjoying college life at present?
2. What do you appreciate most in this world?
Why?
3. What specific goals do you have in life?
4. What can you do to make your life more
valuable and Meaningful?
Choose the quote you like best
1.
The purpose of life is a life of purpose.
2.
We make a living by what we get; we make a life by
what we give.
3.
Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were
to live forever.
4.
A man who dares to waste one hour of time has not
discovered the value of life.
Listen and Respond
They Also Value Their Lives
One day, some Americans working in Africa decided to
go hunting for wild animals. They stopped at a village to
hire some local men to act as guides. This village was very
poor. The houses were made of mud and there was no
electricity or running water. The streets were dirty and the
whole village smelled badly. The men wore dirty clothes.
The women covered their faces, and the children had runny
noses and were dressed in rags. But the local people looked
happy and seemed to be enjoying what they were doing.
They Also Value Their Lives
Seeing this, one American said, “This place is terrible.
These people live just like animals.” A young American
officer added, “Yeah, they have got nothing to live for; they
may as well be dead.”
But just then, an old American officer spoke up. He was
a quiet man. In fact, he looked just like one of the local men
in the village. He looked at the young American and said,
“ you think they have nothing to live for, do you? Well, if
you are sure, why don’t you just take your knife, and go try
to kill one of them?”
They Also Value Their Lives
There was dead silence in the truck. His words had
silenced the negative talk about the local people.
The old officer went on to say, “I don’t know either why
they value their lives so much. Maybe it’s those kids in rags,
or the women they love, or the freedom they enjoy, or the
work they like. But whatever it is, they care about their
lives and the lives of their loved ones, just the same as we
do.”
Introduction of the Author
Helen Keller: (18801968) deaf-blind
American author,
activist and lecturer
Introduction of the Author
Helen Keller was born in 1880 in northern Alabama, USA. Nineteen
months after she was born, she was extremely ill, and lost both her
sight and hearing. When she was seven, her parents hired a tutor
named Anne Sullivan. She taught Helen to read and write and how to
think. Helen entered Radcliffe College, the women’s branch of
Harvard University at the age of 20. Her first book, The Story of My
Life, was translated into many languages. She also did research, gave
speeches all around the world, and helped raise money for many
organizations for the blind. Helen received dozens of awards, such as
the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest honor that an
American civilian can receive. She died in her sleep in 1968.
Introduction of the Author
Time
Events
June 27, 1880 She was born at Ivy Green in Tuscumbia,
Alabama.
February, 1882 She lost both her sight and hearing after being
struck by illness.
March 3, 1887 She met Anne Sullivan, her life-long teacher.
June 28, 1904 She received a Bachelor of Arts degree,
graduating from Radcliffe College of Harvard
University.
June,1955
She received an honorary degree from
Harvard University, the first woman to be so
honored.
Introduction of the Author
Time
Events
September,1964 She was awarded the Presidential Medal of
Freedom, the nation’s highest civilian honor.
June 1, 1968
She passed away in her sleep.
Helen’s Miracle
A college graduate
A productive writer
A world-famous speaker
A heroine and icon
Global Reading
1. People are blessed if they are stricken blind and deaf. ( F )
It would be a blessing if people were stricken blind and
deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.
2. Helen showed disbelief when her friend said she had
seen nothing particular during a long walk in the woods. ( F )
She had been accustomed to such responses and believed
that the seeing see little.
3. Helen thought that she “saw” more things than the seeing
people just through touch. ( T )
4. Blind as she was, Helen was more sensitive to the world
than us healthy people.
(T )
5. The seeing should make better use of sight to add
fullness to life. ( F )
The seeing should use sight not only for convenience but
also for adding fullness to life.
Words and Phrases
thrilling: adj.
exciting and interesting
It is such a thrilling experience to see the
vast African landscape.
The book is another thrilling story of
mystery and suspense.
Words and Phrases
specify: v.
state sth. in an exact and detailed way
These toys can’t reach the standards the state has specified.
The order specifies a December deadline for completion of the
work.
Words and Phrases
condemn: v.
give sb. a severe punishment after deciding they are guilty of a crime;
say very strongly that you do not approve of sth. or sb., especially
because you think it is morally wrong
The prisoner was condemned to death.
We all strongly condemn violence of any sort.
我们强烈谴责任何形式的暴力行为。
Patterns:
condemn sb. for doing sth.
condemn sb. to sth.
condemn sb. / sth. as sth.
Words and Phrases
confine: v.
keep sb. or sth. within the limits of a particular activity or subject; if you are
confined to a place, you have to stay in that place, especially because you are
ill
He is confined to bed with illness.
这次事故之后她坐在轮椅上度过了后半生。
She was confined to a wheelchair for the rest of her life after the
accident.
She confines her speech to environmental
pollution.
CF: confine, imprison & jail
这些动词均含“监禁”之意。
confine 指监禁或幽禁；也指任何使行动受到限制的行为。
imprison 较正式用词，多指较长时间的监禁
jail
(英国用gaol)多指审判之间的拘禁或对罪行较轻的罪犯的监禁
Words and Phrases
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the three words above. Change
the form where necessary.
imprisoned for the rest of his life.
1. The murderer will be __________
2. Jane hates the job as a secretary because she feels _______
confined
in the office all day.
jailed
3. He attacked a policeman after getting drunk, and was _____
for two weeks.
confine a bird to a cage.
4. It’s cruel to _______
Words and Phrases
appreciative of sth.:
grateful for sth.
The guests are quite appreciative of the host’s entertainment.
A good boss should be appreciative of what the staff do for him.
Words and Phrases
in / under…circumstances:
under the conditions that affect a situation, action, event, etc.
你在目前这种情况下退出是不明智的。
It is unwise for you to quit under the present circumstances.
In no circumstances should you leave your baggage
unattended in the airport.
Words and Phrases
emphasize: v.
say sth. in a strong way
He repeatedly emphasized the importance of team spirit.
Words and Phrases
keen: adj.
1) sb. with a keen mind is quick to understand things
a keen observer
a keen mind
2) sb. who is keen on sth. is very interested in it or enjoys doing it
very much
She is keen on ballet.
Words and Phrases
adopt: v.
start to deal with or think about sth. in a particular way
We adopted new methods to cultivate tulips this year.
新技术的采用提高了产品的质量。
The newly-adopted techniques
improved the quality of products.
Words and Phrases
take … for granted:
expect that sb. or sth. will always be there when you need them and
never think how important or useful they are; believe that sth. is true
without making sure
Most of us, busy with work, take our family for granted.
不要想当然地认为努力一定会换来成功。
Don’t take it for granted that hard work is certainly followed by
success.
Words and Phrases
picture: v.
imagine sth. by making an image in your mind
I had never met John, but I pictured him as a pale, thin young
man wearing glasses.
Words and Phrases
characterize: v.
be typical of a person, place or thing
Picasso’s work The Tragedy is characterized by dominant use
of blue.
The spacious entrance hall characterizes all the buildings here.
Words and Phrases
deaf: adj.
1) physically unable to hear anything or unable to hear well
It is amazing that the deaf people can dance so beautifully
without hearing the music.
2) be unwilling to hear or listen to sth.
The manager is deaf to the customer’s complaints.
She was deaf to his pleas.
Collocations:
deaf and dumb
deaf as a post
be deaf to sth.
fall on deaf ears
Words and Phrases
take in:
understand and remember new facts and information
The smart boy can always take in what the teacher teaches in class
quickly.
我怀疑他是否真的听进了我说的话, 他看起来心不在焉的。
I doubt whether he really takes in what I am saying; he seems
so be absent-minded.
Words and Phrases
grateful: adj.
feeling that you want to thank sb. because of sth. kind that they have
done, or showing this feeling
We are really very grateful to you for all you have done for us.
The winner smiled at his parents, grateful for their support.
CF: grateful & appreciative
这两个形容词均有“感谢的、感激的”之意。
普通用词，强调因对方的恩惠、好意或帮助，从内心产生
grateful
的感激之情。
He felt grateful for his friends’ help when he was in trouble.
appreciative 与grateful基本同义，但语气较强，强调以行动或言语来
感谢。
The millionaire’s generosity shows he is really appreciative for
his family members’ support to his business.
Words and Phrases
conscious: adj.
noticing or realizing sth.
I was conscious that I made a mistake.
On seeing the new-born baby, the young
father became conscious of his
responsibilities.
Words and Phrases
stricken: adj.
very badly affected by trouble, illness, unhappiness, etc.
The little boy was stricken with fever.
Words and Phrases
response: n.
sth. that is said or written as a reply
首相对记者的提问不予回答。
The Prime Minister made no response to the journalist’s
questions.
The workers got a favorable response to their pay demands.
Words and Phrases
convince: v.
make sb. feel certain that sth. is true
The jury was convinced that he was innocent.
他终于让我相信了他的真诚。
He eventually convinced me of his sincerity.
The newspaper article has convinced me that
smoking is a dangerous habit.
Patterns:
convince sb. of sth.
convince sb. (that)…
Words and Phrases
worthy of:
being deserved to be thought about or treated in a particular way
Helen Keller’s contributions are worthy of the honor they
offered her.
他的成就值得给予最高赞赏。
His achievements are worthy of the
highest praise.
Words and Phrases
sign: n.
an event, fact, etc. that shows that sth. is happening or that sth. is
true or exists
All the signs show that our guess will turn out to be true.
警方彻底搜查了房屋， 没有发现任何非法闯入的迹象。
The police searched the house thoroughly, but found no
signs of a break-in.
CF: sign & indication
这两个名词均为“迹象”之意。
指一些事实或者迹象，这些事实能证明某些事情正在发生
sign
或者某事是真的或的确存在。例如：
Signs of this illness are rapid breathing and a weak pulse.
特指人的一些言行使人相信某些事情已经，正在或即将发
indication
生。例如：
The two leaders greet each other warmly, which is an
indication that the situation will take a favorable turn.
Words and Phrases
awaken: v.
1. wake up or to make sb. wake up
She was awakened to take her turn on guard.
半夜我被房间里奇怪的声音吵醒了。
I was awakened by the strange sounds in my bedroom at
midnight.
2. if sth. awakens an emotion, interest, memory, etc., it makes you
suddenly begin to feel that emotion, etc.
Many people are still not awakened to the importance of
environmental protection.
The children are awakened to the danger of their behavior.
Words and Phrases
reveal: v.
make known sth. that was previously secret or unknown
The special agent didn’t reveal his identity until the last
moment.
这桩法律界的丑闻终于被一位勇敢的记者在报纸上披露了出来。
This scandal in the law was finally revealed in the
newspaper by a brave journalist.
CF: reveal, disclose & expose
这些动词均有“揭露，揭示”之意。
reveal 指的是说出或揭开一个秘密，或不为人知的事情。其范围可以
公开的也可以是私下的。
disclose 强调的是公开揭露不为人所知的事实或名字。
expose 指的是公开揭露一些组织或个人的秘密行为，且揭露者认为公众
有权知道这些不可告人的秘密。
Words and Phrases
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the three words above. Change
the form where necessary.
1. Our company has just ________
revealed its new plan for the coming
new year.
2. The investigation ________
disclosed that the pilot had no experience
of the radar system in use at the time of the crash.
3. My friend suddenly ________
revealed that she had broken up with
her boyfriend when we were chatting.
4. The public called for the politician’s resignation soon after his
________ to the media.
criminal activities were exposed
Words and Phrases
long for:
want sth. very much, especially when it seems unlikely to happen
soon
All the children are longing for the festival.
On his birthday he got the present he had
longed for, a new bicycle.
Patterns:
long to do sth.
long for sb. to do sth.
long for sth.
Words and Phrases
convenience: n.
sth. that is useful because it saves you time or means that you
have less work to do
Folding chairs give us the convenience of storing them in limited
space.
They rented an apartment with all the modern conveniences.
Useful Expressions
1. 扣人心弦的故事
a thrilling story
2. 有限的时间
limited and specified time
3. 判刑的罪犯
condemned criminals
4. 活动范围
sphere of activities
5. 在类似的处境下
under similar circumstances
6. 人生的价值
the value of life
7. 完全无法想象
all but unimaginable
8. 没有尽头
stretch out endlessly
9. 冷漠的态度
listless attitude
10. 意识到
be conscious of
Useful Expressions
11. 习惯
be accustomed to
12. 没什么特别的
nothing in particular
13. 值得注意
be worthy of note
14. 只凭触摸
through mere touch
15. 精巧对称
delicate symmetry
16. 寻找
in search of
17. 苏醒的大自然
awakening Nature
18. 放声歌唱的小鸟
a bird in full song
19. 不时地
at times
Detailed Reading
All of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had only a limited
and specified time to live.
What is the usage of “thrilling”, “limited” and “specified” here?
They are -ing and -ed forms of verbs used as adjectives. In the ing case the noun being modified is the doer of the action and in
the -ed case the noun being modified is often the receiver of the
action.
Detailed Reading
We should live each day with a gentleness, a vigor, and a keenness of
appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the
constant panorama of more days and months and years to come.
1. What does the word “which” refer to here?
A gentleness, a vigor, and a keenness of appreciation.
2. Why do most of us lose the gentleness, the vigor and the
keenness of appreciation?
Because day after day, time seems to be endless in our life.
3. Translate this sentence into Chinese.
每一天我们都应该怀着柔情, 充满活力, 心存感激, 而这些在来日方长
时却常被我们所忽视。
Detailed Reading
So we go about our petty tasks, hardly aware of our
listless attitude towards life.
1. What does this sentence imply?
We spend our life on meaningless things, but never
realize that we are so indifferent to the true value of life.
2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.
所以我们忙于琐事， 几乎不曾意识到自己对生活的态度
有多么冷漠。
Detailed Reading
Particularly does this observation apply to those who have lost sight
and hearing in adult life.
What rhetorical device is used in this sentence?
Inversion is used in this sentence. This is a partial inversion with
the word “particularly” at the beginning of the sentence.
Detailed Reading
I might have shown disbelief had I not been accustomed to
such responses, …
What can we infer from this part of the sentence?
The author has been used to getting responses like this,
so such responses don’t seem so unbelievable to her.
Detailed Reading
How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour
through the woods and see nothing worthy of note?
What do you think may be the answer to the question
according to the author? Why?
Yes, it is really possible because the people who are
able to see always take what they see for granted, and
pay little attention to them.
Detailed Reading
In spring I touch the branches of trees hopefully in
search of a bud, the first sign of awakening Nature
after her winter’s sleep.
Translate this sentence into Chinese.
春天里，我怀着希望触摸着树枝寻找新芽，那是
大自然从冬眠中苏醒第一个征象。
Detailed Reading
To me the colorful seasons are a thrilling and unending
drama, the action of which streams through my finger
tips.
Translate this sentence into Chinese.
对我来说，多彩的季节如同一场动人心魄的永无完结的
戏剧，剧中情节从我的指尖流过。
Detailed Reading
It is human, perhaps, to appreciate little that which we
have and to long for that which we have not, ...
Paraphrase this part of the sentence.
Perhaps it is common to all human beings that we
seldom feel thankful for what we have and that we are
eager to own what we haven’t.
Detailed Reading
…but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of
sight is used only as a mere convenience rather than as a
means of adding fullness to life.
1. How do those who are able to see use the gift of sight
according to the author?
They just use it as a means of convenience to live.
2. How should those who are able to see use the gift of
sight according to the author?
It should be used as a means to make our life fuller.
Detailed Reading
Answer the following questions.
1. Why does the author think that it would be an excellent rule to
live each day as if we should die tomorrow?
2. According to the author, what’s the right way to live each day?
3. According to Keller, what will come about if we take life for
granted?
4. According to Keller, what attitude do most of us adopt toward our
faculties and senses?
5. According to Keller, what is the right attitude toward our faculties
and senses?
6. Why does Keller think that it would be a blessing if each of us
were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during
our early adult life?
7. What are the things that could interest the author if she were to
talk for an hour through the woods?
8. How does the author like the colorful seasons?
9. What does the author sometimes long to do?
10.What is a great pity according to the author?
Read and Explore
Passage Structure
Parts
Paragraphs
1
1~4
Main Ideas
Most of us take life for granted. The author
suggests that we live each day with a
gentleness, a vigor, and a keenness of
appreciation as if we should die tomorrow.
5~10
We should also make full use of our
faculties and senses so as to live a fuller
and richer life.
2
Text Listening
• Listen to the text carefully and pay attention to
the pronunciation and intonation
Thanks and Reply
Thanks a million.
Many Thanks for your help.
Thank you very much.
I really don’t known what I would have done without
your help.
Thanks
I really appreciate what you’ve done for me.
Please accept my sincere appreciation for…
Thank you for doing ...
We were deeply touched by ...
It is good (kind, generous) of you to do ...
Thanks and Reply
Not at all.
You are welcome.
Reply
Don’t mention it.
Never keep it in your mind
That’s all right
Group Discussion
No matter how great a person’s achievement is, he should always
live with appreciation for people around him. Here is a list of people
whom you might want to express your gratitude to. Discuss what you
want to thank them for with your classmates.
1. Mother
2. Father
3. Friend
4. Teachers
Group Discussion
Mother
She gives me life.
She takes care of me.
She fills my heart with love.
She makes me wonderful meals every day.
She forgives me for whatever I do.
She is always proud of me.
Father
He teaches me how to be a man.
He fills my heart with confidence with his trust.
He builds up my sense of responsibility.
He encourages me whenever I get frustrated.
He works hard to afford my decent education.
Group Discussion
Friends
They share my happiness, sadness and success sincerely.
They give me a hand whenever I am in difficulty.
They always remember my birthday.
They send me greetings on important days no matter how far away they
are.
They are willing to hear my little secrets without laughing at me.
Teachers
They impart knowledge to us.
They teach us how to think.
They tolerate our stupid mistakes.
They treat all of us equally.
They witness our growing up with great patience.
Homework
Read the dialogue between 2 people on
net, and write an essay (at least 200 words)
about it.
Proverbs and quotations
1. We walk by faith, not by sight.
我们用信念前进, 而非视觉。
2. Learning is the eye of the mind.
知识是心灵的眼睛。
3. One never notices what has been done; one can only see what
remains to be done.
— Curie, Polish physicist
不要注意已经做了哪些，只要去考虑还有哪些要做的。
—— 波兰物理学家 居里夫人
Proverbs and Quotations
4. Our destiny offers not the cup of despair, but the chalice of opportunity.
— Nixon, American President
命运给我们的不是失望之酒， 而是机会之杯。
—— 美国总统 尼克松
5. The highest result of education is tolerance.
— Helen Keller, American Writer
宽容是教育的最好成果。
—— 美国作家 海伦•凯勒
Grammatical Explanation
用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状
语从句。状语从句可分为：
1.时间状语从句
2.地点状语从句
3.条件状语从句
4.原因状语从句
5. 目的状语从句
6.结果状语从句
7.让步状语从句
8.比较状语从句
9.方式状语从句
10.程度状语从句
Grammatical Explanation
1. 时间状语从句: when, while, as, before, after, as soon as, till, until,
not…until, the first/second…/last time, the moment, the minute,
the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly…when,
scarcely…when, no sooner…than
a. when, while和as的区别：when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是
延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那
时”。 While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句
和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表
示对比。例如：
Grammatical Explanation
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.
(was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发
生)
As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用
于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。
As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。
（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特
定时间）
Grammatical Explanation
b. 由before和after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从
句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之
后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关
系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的
从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以
便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之
后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相
反。
Grammatical Explanation
It will be four days before they come back.
他们要过四天才能回来。
My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.
我父亲恰好在信到达之前去加拿大了。
After you think it over, please let me know what is your decision.
你仔细考虑过之后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。
After we had finished the work, we went home.
完成工作之后，我们回家了
Grammatical Explanation
c. 由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者
可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果
主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中
的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达
的意思不同。例如：
Grammatical Explanation
I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back.
直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me
English.
直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。
I worked until he came back.
我工作到他回来为止。
I didn't work until he came back.
他回来我这才开始工作。
Please wait until I arrived.
在我到达之前请等我。
Grammatical Explanation
d. 由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可
以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语
动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is
＋时间＋since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如：
Grammatical Explanation
I have been in Beijing since you left.
自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you?
自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？
It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing.
我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.
我们老板离开北京有五个月了。
Grammatical Explanation
e.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the
instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示
“一……就”。
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.
吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。
The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.
我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.
我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。
Grammatical Explanation
【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当
于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly,
scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。例如：
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another
journey.
他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。
No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of
bed to commence work.
太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。
Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.
我刚坐下，他就进来了。
He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.
这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。
Grammatical Explanation
f. 由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化：在一般
情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用
过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动
词用将来完成时。
By the time you came back, I had finished this book.
到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this
work.
你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。
Grammatical Explanation
g. 由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。
Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me.
他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。
Whenever that man says “To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's
about to tell a lie.
每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。
You grow younger every time I see you.
每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。
Grammatical Explanation
h. 由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表
示“有多久……就多久”。
You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark.
你可以随意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回来就行。
I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in
my body!
只要我一息尚存，我就要反对这种境况。
Grammatical Explanation
2. 地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经
形成了固定的句型，例如：
句型1：Where＋地点从句，（there）＋主句。
【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”；主句在从句后
面时，there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不
用there。
句型2：wherever＋地点从句，＋主句。
状语从句是句子的状语由一个从句充当，来修饰主句中的动词，
形容词或副词等。状语从句都由从属连词引导，与主句连接，放
在句末时，一般不在前面加逗号。
Grammatical Explanation
3. 条件状语从句由连词if, unless (=if not) 引导
1.If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
如果明天不下雨, 我们就去远足.
2.You will get good grades if you study hard.
如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩.
3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too.
我不会去参加聚会的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.)
提示：用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用,当主句是将来时
的时候,从句要用一般现在时.
He will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.
Grammatical Explanation
4. 原因状语从句由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now
that 等词引导
1.I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.
我昨天没去上学，因为我生病了。
2. Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都来了, 让我们开始开会吧.
3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.
既然你身体不好, 你就不该熬夜.
4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.
我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她.
Grammatical Explanation
because , since , as , for,辨析
1） because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问
题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。
I didn’t go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2） 由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用
for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。
He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
3) as和for的区别：
通常情况下，as引导的从句在主句前，for引导的从句在主句后。例：
As the weather is cold, I stay at home.（同义句）
I stay at home, for the weather is cold.
Grammatical Explanation
5. 目的状语从句由连词that, so that, so…that , in order that 引导。
1.so that 以至, 以便
I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的)
我将慢慢跑以至你能赶上我。
I opened the window so that fresh air might come in. (目的)
我把窗户打开以使新鲜空气可以进来。
2.in order that=so that:为了
We shall let you know the details soon in order that you
can/may make your arrangements.
不久我们将会让你知道详情,以便你们能够做出安排。(目的)
Grammatical Explanation
6. 结果状语从句由 ( so )that, so…that, such…that, so
much/many…that引导。
1.so…that 如此…以至于
The scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very
excited.
科学家的报告很有启发性，我们感到很兴奋。
He always studied so hard that he made great progress.
他总是那么努力，结果他取得了很大的进步。
Grammatical Explanation
2. such…that 如此。。。以至
It’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.
天气是如此的好，我们大家都想去公园玩。
3.比较：so和 such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰
名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可
与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little(这四个形容词表多或
表少时)连用，形成固定搭配。
Grammatical Explanation
so +adj或adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上两种句型都表示结果,其
中so为副词,后接形容词，副词原型，当可数名词前有many, few；不
可数名词前有much, little修饰时，应采用句型：so many (few, much,
little )+n. 。
such为形容词, 后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的，也可以是
不可数的。如果这名词是可数,单数,则必须在名词前加冠词a(an). 常见
的形式是:such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people.
1。I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.
我跌了很多跤，浑身数摔得清一块紫一块.
2。there are so few notebooks that I can’t give you any.
笔记本太少了,我一本也给不了你.
3。It is such nice weather that I’d like to take a walk.
天气是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步.
Grammatical Explanation
7. 让步的状语从句由连词 though, although引导.
Although, although当虽然讲, 都不能和but连用. Although,(though)…but
的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用.
Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.
Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐.
Right : Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.
Right : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.
尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩.
although 不能though 那样用作副词.
He is looking fit, though.
但是,他看上去很健康.
Grammatical Explanation
as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、
实义动词提前）。
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意：
a. 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
b. 句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和
状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seems…
虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。
Grammatical Explanation
ever if, even though. 即使
We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
whether…or- 不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
"no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when =
whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no
matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.
（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.
Grammatical Explanation
8. 比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级，比较级及最高级的句子之中。
原级
1. as…as 和。。。一样
Jack is as tall as Bob.
捷克和汤姆一样高。
2. not so(as)…as …和不一样
She is not so(as)outgoing as her sister.
她不如她姐姐外向。
比较级
more…than (更)
This book is more instructive than that one.
最高级
1.The most…in/of
This book is the most interesting of the three.
2. the + 形容词+est…of/in
This road is the busiest street in our city.
这本书比那本书由教育意义。
这本书是三本中最有趣的。
这条路是我们城市最繁忙的街道。
Grammatical Explanation
知识扩展
no more than只不过(嫌少的意思)
1。I have no more than two pens.
我只有两支笔。
2。It’s no more than a mile to the shops.
去商店不过一英里。
not more …than不如…；(前者不如后者)
1。Jack is not more diligent than John.
捷克不如约翰勤奋。
one of the + 名词(复数)….之一(用于最高级)
Han Mei is one of the best students in our school.
韩梅是我们学校最好的学生之一。
Grammatical Explanation
9. 方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。
1） as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just)
as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就
像"，多用于正式文体，例如：
1。Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。
2。As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
3。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas
from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
Grammatical Explanation
2） as if, as though
两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事
实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉
译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：
1。They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语
用虚拟语气。）
2。He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
3。It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）
Grammatical Explanation
as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无
动词短语，例如：
1。He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
2。He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
3。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。
Grammatical Test
1. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up
_________I could answer the phone.
2. John may phone tonight. I don't want to go out ________ he phones.
3. The WTO cannot live up to its name ________it does not include a
country that is home to one fifth of mankind.
4. The men will have to wait all day______ the doctor works faster.
5. — Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
— Yes, I gave it to her ______ I saw her.
6. John shut everybody out of the kitchen _________ he could prepare
his grand surprise for the party.
7. Don’t be afraid of asking for help
it is needed.
8. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ______ it got
worse.
9. _______ I know the money is safe. I shall not worry about it.
10. The day must be breaking, _____ the birds have begun singing.
Grammatical Test
11. — When will you come to see me, Dad?
— I will go to see you when you
the training course.
12. — Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?
— Yes. He had never praised him
he became one of the top students
in his grade.
13. You can eat food free in my restaurant
you like.
14.
I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.
15. _____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model
will always be in demand.
16. Scientists say it may be five or six years
it is possible to test this
medicine on human patients.
17. You should try to get a good night’s sleep
much work you have to
do.
18. We were told that we should follow the main road
we reached
the central railway station .
19. Parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasses
_________ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather
20. Roses need special care ______ they can live through winter.
Thanks for your attention