2 Peter and Jude
Responses to the threat of corruption
The threat of corruption (2
Peter/Jude)
 External corruption (Jude)
 The “Others”
 Internal corruption (2 Peter)
 “False teachers”
 The response of compassionate rescue
 The nature of Christian waiting
 The nature of the Christian literature
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Jude and the Apocalyptic
Genre/
Use of non-canonical
literature in the NT
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Introduction to Jude
 Author
 Recipients
 Date
 Nature of the work
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Introduction to Apocalyptic
 Spatial axis
 Temporal axis
 Ethical purpose
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Salutation
 Brevity
 Author
 Recipients
 Identified as Christians (“Beloved”)
 Not identified by location
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Thematic statement
 Dear friends, although I was very eager to write to
you about the salvation we share, I felt I had to write
and urge you to contend for the faith that was once
for all entrusted to the saints.
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Proof for the Thematic
Statement
 Israel in the wilderness
 Fallen Angels in Gen 6
 Sodom and Gomorrah
 Michael and the devil
 Cain, Balaam, Korah
 Enoch
 Use of non-canonical scripture
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Final Prophecy
 Prophecy from the apostles
 Concerns the last times
 Scoffers follow desires/ natural instincts
 Do not have the Spirit
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Closing Exhortation
Build selves up in the faith
Pray in the Holy Spirit
Keep yourself in God’s love
Wait for Jesus/ eternal life
Be merciful to “those who doubt”; rescue the “Others”
carefully
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Closing Doxology
 To him who is able to keep you from falling
 The only God our Savior
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Second Peter
Outline and Detailed Study
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Summary of Introduction:
 Date
 Author
 Recipients
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Date - several factors are
important:
 After Jude, for it uses Jude
 After Paul's letters were known (3:15-16)
 After the apostolic generation or perhaps the missionaries to
that group had died (3:4)
 Probably after a first letter (probably not 1 Peter).
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Author
 Author has written at least once previously to these
churches
 Author tends to be autobiographical (unlike 1 Peter)
 Author feels free to use Jude via aemulatio
 Author knows 1 Enoch, but omits the direct quotation
from Jude.
 Author's concerns are not the Christological issues of
the second century.
 Author uses Hellenistic style and language
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Recipients
 Bothered by false teachers:
 These once accepted Christian morality, but have now departed
from it (1:3-11)
 Their crimes are
 reviling angelic/demonic beings
 sensuality
 These Christians are struggling with parousia delay (ch. 3)
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Outline:
 Basic Outline:
 Bauckham's Outline:
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Content (Bauckham's outline)
 The following lecture(s) will follow the outline in
Bauckham’s commentary
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Greeting (1:1-2)
 Titles differ from that in 1 Peter, the latter being
more formal.
 The letter is addressed to Christians who:
 Are come to faith through Jesus' righteousness.
 Have received a faith equally privileged (or precious) as
that of the apostles.
 Recognize Jesus as both God and savior
 Grace and peace come from the knowledge of God
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Thematic sermon (1:3-11)
 Jesus' gift (1:3-4)
 Based on his divine power
 Evil is corruption due to “desire” (epithumia)
 Focused in the knowledge of Jesus
 Epignostic soteriology
 Result is some rather exalted promises:
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Christian virtue (1:5-9)
 Faith
 Virtue (moral excellence)
 Knowledge
 Self-Control
 Patient endurance
 Piety, godliness (Hellenistic)
 Brotherly love
 Love
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Conclusion (1:10-11)
 Based on the above, one should "make all the more effort" to
"ratify" or "guarantee" the calling of God
 The alternative
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Apology for the sermon (1:1221)
 Peter's death = need for reminder (1:12-15)
 He speaks of his present body as a "tent" cf. 2 Cor. 5:1
 His death is an "exodus"
 This is what gives the letter its testametal nature
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Peter's experience = veracity
(1:16-18)
 The apostles have not followed "myths" in the gospel
 They are "eyewitnesses" of the manifest glory of Christ
 Jesus "receives" honor and glory in transfig.
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Prophetic word = other proof of
veracity (1:19-21)
 echomen bebaioteron . . . = to have a most firm grip
on
 They should do the same, for scripture is a light in
the dark.
 Christ is the morning star; the arising is the parousia
 The parousia is the full revelation to which the prophets
point.
 Prophecy is God-given (1:20-21)
 The prophets spoke by divine inspiration:
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Peter's Response to the False
Teachers 2:1-22
 Prediction of False Teachers.
 He compares false teachers to false prophets
 Characteristics
 "deny Christ"
 Results
 Many follow them into dissolution
 Gospel is slandered
 Teachers will be condemned
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The Certainty of Judgment 2:410a
 The judgment of the angels
 The judgment of the flood
 The flood's devastation
 Noah's deliverance
 The judgment of Sodom
 The city's destruction
 Lot's righteousness and suffering
 God is quite capable of saving the righteous and
punishing the wicked
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Denunciation of False Teachers
2:10b-22
 Their slander of angels 2:10b-13a
 Their moral corruption 2:13b-16
 Their lack of promise 2:17-22
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The Issue of the Parousia 3:113
 Prediction of Scofffers 3:1-7
 Purpose of the letter 3:1-2
 The first letter
 Prophets and apostolic teaching
 Description of the scoffers 3:3-4
 Two charges are laid:
 scoffing at Parousia
 following their desires
 God's word is firm
 Three Periods of world history:
 God is Forbearing 3:8-10
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Exhortation 3:11-13
 To "holy and godly conduct"
 To "eschatological waiting" cf. Jude 21 and gospels
 This "hastens" (speudontas) the parousia
 The new heavens and earth
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Conclusion 3:14-18
 Exhortation to peace 3:14-16
 Exhortation to growth 3:17-18a
 Concluding doxology 3:18b
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2 Peter
 This is the outline of the instructor, following some of
the principles of ancient letter writing and rhetoric
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Salutation (1:1-2)
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Letter Opening (1:3-15)
 Opening Sermon (1:3-11)
 Historical Introduction: the Divine Benefaction
 Call to virtue
 Purpose Statement (1:12-15)
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Letter Body (1:16-3:13)
 The Implications of the Transfiguration (1:1621)
 Condemnation of false teachers (2:1-22)
 Introduction to the false teachers (2:1-3)
 Scriptural arguments why God will judge the false
teachers 2:4-10a
 The arrogance of the false teachers 2:10b - 12
 The immorality of the false teachers 2:13-16
 The condemnation of the false teachers 2:17-22
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Letter body continued
 Conclusions about the Day of the Lord (3:1-13)
 Introduction to the day of the Lord 3:1-2
 The denial of the day of the Lord refuted from scripture
3:3-7
 The reason the day of the Lord appears delayed 3:8-9
 Conclusions: Nature and implications of the day of the
Lord 3:10-13
 Summary concerning the Christian life (3:1416) Body closing
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Letter Closing (3:17-18)
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