Salvete, discipuli!
Chapter XXV:
Infinitives
Verbal Aspects
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative Infinitive
Active
Participle
Passive
Present Imperfect Future
1st
Singular
Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
2nd
3rd
Plural
What is an Infinitive?
•
An Infinitive is typically defined as a
verbal noun because it allows one to
make an action the subject or object of
a sentence:
•
•
I love to fly.
It is better to have loved and lost than
never to have loved at all.
What is an Infinitive?
•
An infinitive is identified in English by
the use of the phrase “to verb”.
•
•
He loves to run.
To err is human, to forgive divine.
What is an Infinitive?
•
An infinitive is identified in English by
the use of the phrase “to verb”.
•
•
He loves to run.
To err is human, to forgive divine.
Verbal Aspects
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative Infinitive
Active
Participle
Passive
Present Imperfect Future
1st
Singular
Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
2nd
3rd
Plural
Verbal Aspects
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative Infinitive
Active
Present Imperfect Future
Participle
Passive
Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
As an infinitive is not fully a verb, it does not
have Person OR Number!
How many Infinitives are there?
•
Simply put, there are three types of
infinitives that one can use to describe
a noun.
–
–
–
•
Present Infinitives
Past (Perfect) Infinitives
Future Infinitives
The reason there are only 3 infinitives
is because there are 3 times when an
action could occur: now, before or
later. (n.b. Infinitives follow RELATIVE
tense)
The Infinitive Box
To help organize the inifnitives in Latin, we
use what is called the Infinitive Box.
Active
Present
Past
(Perfect)
Future
Passive
The Infinitive Box
However, unlike Participles, we use all of
the boxes in the Infinitive Box.
Active
Present
Past
(Perfect)
Future
Passive
The Present Infinitives
•
•
•
We have already learned the present
infinitives:
The Present Active Infinitive is the
same form as the 2nd principle part of a
verb.
To form the Present Passive Infinitive,
simply remove the final “-e” from the
2nd prin. part and replace it with an ‘-ī’.
The Present Infinitives
•
•
•
To form the Present Passive Infinitive,
simply remove the final “-e” from the
2nd prin. part and replace it with an ‘-ī’.
However, in the 3rd conjugation,
remove the entire ‘-ere’ before attaching
the ‘-ī’.
To translate the Present Infinitives:
Active: “to verb”
Passive: “to be verbed”
The Participle Box
amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus
Present
Past
(Perfect)
Future
Active
Passive
amāre
amārī
Practice
1.
present active infinitive of petō, petere, petīvī, petītum
2.
present passive infinitive educō, educāre, educāvī, educātum
3.
4.
present active infinitive of capiō, capere, cepī, captus
present passive infinitive of pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsum
The Past (Perfect) Infinitives
•
To form the Perfect Active Infinitive:
1. Use the 3rd Principle Part and remove the ī.
2. Add an “-isse”.
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum
The Past (Perfect) Infinitives
•
To form the Perfect Active Infinitive:
1. Use the 3rd Principle Part and remove the ī.
2. Add an “-isse”.
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum
The Past (Perfect) Infinitives
•
To form the Perfect Active Infinitive:
1. Use the 3rd Principle Part and remove the ī.
2. Add an “-isse”.
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum --> habuisse
•
To translate the Perfect Active Infinitive:
“to have verbed”
The Past (Perfect) Infinitives
•
To form the Perfect Passive Infinitive:
1. Use the 4th Principle Part (Perfect Passive
Participle)
2. Add “esse”.
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum
The Past (Perfect) Infinitives
•
To form the Perfect Passive Infinitive:
1. Use the 4th Principle Part (Perfect Passive
Participle)
2. Add “esse”.
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum
The Past (Perfect) Infinitives
•
To form the Perfect Passive Infinitive:
1. Use the 4th Principle Part (Perfect Passive
Participle)
2. Add “esse”.
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum --> habitum esse
•
To translate the Perfect Passive Infinitive:
“to have been verbed”
The Participle Box
amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum
Active
Passive
Present
amāre
amārī
Past
(Perfect)
amāvisse
amātum esse
Future
Practice
1.
perfect active infinitive of petō, petere, petīvī, petītum
2.
perfect passive infinitive educō, educāre, educāvī, educātum
3.
4.
perfect active infinitive of capiō, capere, cepī, captus
perfect passive infinitive of pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsum
The Future Infinitives
•
To form the Future Active Infinitive:
1. Form the Future Active Participle.
2. Add “esse”
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum
The Future Infinitives
•
To form the Future Active Infinitive:
1. Form the Future Active Participle.
2. Add “esse”
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum
habiturum
The Future Infinitives
•
To form the Future Active Infinitive:
1. Form the Future Active Participle.
2. Add “esse”
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum
habiturum esse
The Future Infinitives
•
To form the Future Active Infinitive:
1. Form the Future Active Participle.
2. Add “esse”
•
To translate the Future Active Infinitive:
to be about to verb / to be fixin’ to verb
The Future Infinitives
•
To form the Future Passive Infinitive:
1. Use the 4th principle part.
2. Add “īrī”
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum
The Future Infinitives
•
To form the Future Passive Infinitive:
1. Use the 4th principle part.
2. Add “īrī”
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum
The Future Infinitives
•
To form the Future Passive Infinitive:
1. Use the 4th principle part.
2. Add “īrī”
habeō, habēre, habuī, habītum -->
habitum īrī
The Future Infinitives
•
To form the Future Passive Infinitive:
1. Use the 4th principle part.
2. Add “īrī”
To translate the Future Passive Infinitive:
“to be about to be verbed/to be fixin’ to
be verbed”
The Infinitive Box
amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum
Active
Passive
Present
amāre
amārī
Past
(Perfect)
amāvisse
amātum esse
Future
amaturum esse
amatum īrī
Practice
1.
future active infinitive of petō, petere, petīvī, petītum
2.
future passive infinitive educō, educāre, educāvī, educātum
3.
4.
future active infinitive of capiō, capere, cepī, captus
future passive infinitive of pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsum
More Practice
Workbook...
• p. 355, 1-5
• p. 357, 1-5
Homework
• HW 35