THE LATIN VERB
The dictionary entry for a verb will give you
the following information:
- I-form of Present tense
- Infinitive (from which the other forms of the Present
and also the Imperfect and Future are formed)
- I-form of Perfect (from which the other forms of
the Perfect, the Past Perfect and the Future Perfect
are formed)
- Past Participle (from which the Passive Perfect,
Past Perfect and Future Perfect are formed)
EXAMPLES OF DICTIONARY ENTRIES
-āvī
-uī
vīdī
vīcī
-īvī
amō
moneō
videō
vincō
audiō
-āre
-ēre
-ēre
-ere
-īre
-ātum
-itum
visum
victum
-ītum
capiō
-ere cēpī captum
love
warn
see
conquer
hear, listen
capture
Notice that to save space, some dictionaries do not
repeat the letters before the ending if they do not
change in the other parts of the verb.
PRESENT TENSE
• The endings in nearly all verbs are:
–
–
–
–
–
–
ō
s
t
mus
tis
nt
(I)
(you –singular)
(he/she/it)
(we)
(you –plural)
(they)
• The endings are normally linked to the verb
by the signature vowel for each conjugation
These endings survive in modern
Italian, but with changes
• The Italian endings are:
–
–
–
–
–
–
o
i
a or e
iamo
ate or ete or ite
ono
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -are
amō
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -are
amō
amās
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -āre
amō
amās
amat
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -āre
amō
amās
amat
amāmus
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -āre
amō
amās
amat
amāmus
amātis
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -āre
amō
amās
amat
amāmus
amātis
amant
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -ēre
moneō
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -ēre
moneō
monēs
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -ēre
moneō
monēs
monet
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -ēre
moneō
monēs
monet
monēmus
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -ēre
moneō
monēs
monet
monēmus
monētis
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -ēre
moneō
monēs
monet
monēmus
monētis
monent
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -ere
regō
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -ere
regō
regis
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -ere
regō
regis
regit
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -ere
regō
regis
regit
regimus
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -ere
regō
regis
regit
regimus
regitis
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -ere
regō
regis
regit
regimus
regitis
regunt
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -īre
audiō
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -īre
audiō
audīs
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -īre
audiō
audīs
audit
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -īre
audiō
audīs
audit
audīmus
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -īre
audiō
audīs
audit
audīmus
audītis
Present Tense verbs with infinitive in -īre
audiō
audīs
audit
audīmus
audītis
audiunt
Present Tense verbs with I-form in –iō and
infinitive in -ere
capiō
Present Tense verbs with I-form in –iō and
infinitive in -ere
capiō
capis
Present Tense verbs with I-form in –iō and
infinitive in -ere
capiō
capis
capit
Present Tense verbs with I-form in –iō and
infinitive in -ere
capiō
capis
capit
capimus
Present Tense verbs with I-form in –iō and
infinitive in -ere
capiō
capis
capit
capimus
capitis
Present Tense verbs with I-form in –iō and
infinitive in -ere
capiō
capis
capit
capimus
capitis
capiunt
PRESENT TENSE OF
esse (to be)
sum
PRESENT TENSE OF
esse (to be)
sum
es
PRESENT TENSE OF
esse (to be)
sum
es
est
PRESENT TENSE OF
esse (to be)
sum
es
est
sumus
PRESENT TENSE OF
esse (to be)
sum
es
est
sumus
estis
PRESENT TENSE OF
esse (to be)
sum
es
est
sumus
estis
sunt
Imperfect Tense
Verbs in – āre:
-ābam - ābās –ābat –ābāmus - ābātis -ābant
Verbs in – ēre and most verbs in – ere:
-ēbam - ēbās –ēbat –ēbāmus - ēbātis - ēbant
Verbs with –iō ending for I-form in Present
(including all with infinitive in –īre and a few
with infinitive in –ere)
-iēbam - iēbās –iēbat –iēbāmus - iēbātis - iēbant
The verb esse has the forms
eram
erās erat
erāmus
erātis
erant
Imperfect Tense verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābam
Imperfect Tense verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābam
amābās
Imperfect Tense verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābam
amābās
amābat
Imperfect Tense verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābam
amābās
amābat
amābāmus
Imperfect Tense verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābam
amābās
amābat
amābāmus
amābātis
Imperfect Tense verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābam
amābās
amābat
amābāmus
amābātis
amābant
Imperfect Tense verbs with infinitive in -ēre
monēbam
Imperfect Tense verbs with infinitive in - ēre
monēbam
monēbās
Imperfect Tense verbs with infinitive in - ēre
monēbam
monēbās
monēbat
Imperfect Tense verbs with infinitive in - ēre
monēbam
monēbās
monēbat
monēbāmus
Imperfect Tense verbs with infinitive in - ēre
monēbam
monēbās
monēbat
monēbāmus
monēbātis
Imperfect Tense verbs with infinitive in - ēre
monēbam
monēbās
monēbat
monēbāmus
monēbātis
monēbant
Imperfect Tense verbs in –ō and -ere
regēbam
Imperfect Tense verbs in –ō and -ere
regēbam
regēbās
Imperfect Tense verbs in –ō and -ere
regēbam
regēbās
regēbat
Imperfect Tense verbs in –ō and -ere
regēbam
regēbās
regēbat
regēbāmus
Imperfect Tense verbs in –ō and -ere
regēbam
regēbās
regēbat
regēbāmus
regēbātis
Imperfect Tense verbs in –ō and -ere
regēbam
regēbās
regēbat
regēbāmus
regēbātis
regēbant
Imperfect Tense verbs in –iō
capiēbam
Imperfect Tense verbs in –iō
capiēbam
capiēbās
Imperfect Tense verbs in –iō
capiēbam
capiēbās
capiēbat
Imperfect Tense verbs in –iō
capiēbam
capiēbās
capiēbat
capiēbāmus
Imperfect Tense verbs in –iō
capiēbam
capiēbās
capiēbat
capiēbāmus
capiēbātis
Imperfect Tense verbs in –iō
capiēbam
capiēbās
capiēbat
capiēbāmus
capiēbātis
capiēbant
Imperfect Tense – the verb esse
eram
Imperfect Tense – the verb esse
eram
erās
Imperfect Tense – the verb esse
eram
erās
erat
Imperfect Tense – the verb esse
eram
erās
erat
erāmus
Imperfect Tense – the verb esse
eram
erās
erat
erāmus
erātis
Imperfect Tense – the verb esse
eram
erās
erat
erāmus
erātis
erant
Future Tense
Verbs in – āre and – ēre use signature vowel
plus `b’:
-ā/ēbō - ā/ēbis –ā/ēbit –ā/ēbimus - ā/ēbitis -ā/ēbunt
Verbs in –ere and -īre add different endings. If
they have the ending `-io’ in the present tense
(as in the 4th and `3.5th’ group) there is an `i’
before each future ending)
-(i)am - (i)ēs –(i)et –(i)ēmus - (i)ētis - (i)ent
The verb esse has the forms
erō
eris erit
erimus
eritis
erunt
Future Tense verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābō
Future Tense verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābō
amābis
Future Tense verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābō
amābis
amābit
Future Tense verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābō
amābis
amābit
amābimus
Future Tense verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābō
amābis
amābit
amābimus
amābitis
Future Tense verbs with infinitive in -āre
amābō
amābis
amābit
amābimus
amābitis
amābunt
Future Tense verbs with infinitive in -ēre
monēbō
Future Tense verbs with infinitive in -ēre
monēbō
monēbis
Future Tense verbs with infinitive in -ēre
monēbō
monēbis
monēbit
Future Tense verbs with infinitive in -ēre
monēbō
monēbis
monēbit
monēbimus
Future Tense verbs with infinitive in -ēre
monēbō
monēbis
monēbit
monēbimus
monēbitis
Future Tense verbs with infinitive in -ēre
monēbō
monēbis
monēbit
monēbimus
monēbitis
monēbunt
Future Tense verbs in –ō and -ere
regam
Future Tense verbs in –ō and -ere
regam
regēs
Future Tense verbs in –ō and -ere
regam
regēs
reget
Future Tense verbs in –ō and -ere
regam
regēs
reget
regēmus
Future Tense verbs in –ō and -ere
regam
regēs
reget
regēmus
regētis
Future Tense verbs in –ō and -ere
regam
regēs
reget
regēmus
regētis
regent
Future Tense verbs in –iō
capiam
Future Tense verbs in –iō
capiam
capiēs
Future Tense verbs in –iō
capiam
capiēs
capiet
Future Tense verbs in –iō
capiam
capiēs
capiet
capiēmus
Future Tense verbs in –iō
capiam
capiēs
capiet
capiēmus
capiētis
Future Tense verbs in –iō
capiam
capiēs
capiet
capiēmus
capiētis
capient
Future Tense – the verb esse
erō
Future Tense – the verb esse
erō
eris
Future Tense – the verb esse
erō
eris
erit
Future Tense – the verb esse
erō
eris
erit
erimus
Future Tense – the verb esse
erō
eris
erit
erimus
eritis
Future Tense – the verb esse
erō
eris
erit
erimus
eritis
erunt
PERFECT TENSE
Formed by the perfect base (seen in
the second part of the verb in a
dictionary) and the endings:
-ī
-istī
-it
-imus
-istis
-ērunt
amō
PERFECT OF
-āre -āvī -ātum
amāvī
love
amō
PERFECT OF
-āre -āvī -ātum
amāvī
amāvistī
love
amō
PERFECT OF
-āre -āvī -ātum
amāvī
amāvistī
amāvit
love
amō
PERFECT OF
-āre -āvī -ātum
amāvī
amāvistī
amāvit
amāvimus
love
amō
PERFECT OF
-āre -āvī -ātum
amāvī
amāvistī
amāvit
amāvimus
amāvistis
love
amō
PERFECT OF
-āre -āvī -ātum
amāvī
amāvistī
amāvit
amāvimus
amāvistis
amāvērunt
love
PERFECT OF
moneō
-ēre -uī
-itum
monuī
warn
PERFECT OF
moneō
-ēre -uī
-itum
monuī
monuistī
warn
PERFECT OF
moneō
-ēre -uī
-itum
monuī
monuistī
monuit
warn
PERFECT OF
moneō
-ēre -uī
-itum
monuī
monuistī
monuit
monuimus
warn
PERFECT OF
moneō
-ēre -uī
-itum
monuī
monuistī
monuit
monuimus
monuistis
warn
PERFECT OF
moneō
-ēre -uī
-itum
monuī
monuistī
monuit
monuimus
monuistis
monuērunt
warn
PERFECT OF
vincō
-ere vīcī victum
vīcī
conquer
PERFECT OF
vincō
-ere vīcī victum
vīcī
vīcistī
conquer
PERFECT OF
vincō
-ere vīcī victum
vīcī
vīcistī
vīcit
conquer
PERFECT OF
vincō
-ere vīcī victum
vīcī
vīcistī
vīcit
vīcimus
conquer
PERFECT OF
vincō
-ere vīcī victum
vīcī
vīcistī
vīcit
vīcimus
vīcistis
conquer
PERFECT OF
vincō
-ere vīcī victum
vīcī
vīcistī
vīcit
vīcimus
vīcistis
vīcērunt
conquer
PERFECT OF
audiō
-īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīvī
PERFECT OF
audiō
-īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīvī
audīvistī
PERFECT OF
audiō
-īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīvī
audīvistī
audīvit
PERFECT OF
audiō
-īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīvī
audīvistī
audīvit
audīvimus
PERFECT OF
audiō
-īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīvī
audīvistī
audīvit
audīvimus
audīvistis
PERFECT OF
audiō
-īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīvī
audīvistī
audīvit
audīvimus
audīvistis
audīvērunt
PERFECT OF
sum esse fuī
fuī
be
PERFECT OF
sum esse fuī
fuī
fuistī
be
PERFECT OF
sum esse fuī
fuī
fuistī
fuit
be
PERFECT OF
sum esse fuī
fuī
fuistī
fuit
fuimus
be
PERFECT OF
sum esse fuī
fuī
fuistī
fuit
fuimus
fuistis
be
PERFECT OF
sum esse fuī
fuī
fuistī
fuit
fuimus
fuistis
fuērunt
be
PLUPERFECT
Formed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the
Perfect Base
amō -āre -āvi -ātum
amāveram
love
PAST PERFECT
Formed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the
Perfect Base
amō -āre -āvi -ātum
amāveram
amāverās
love
PAST PERFECT
Formed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the
Perfect Base
amō -āre -āvi -ātum
amāveram
amāverās
amāverat
love
PAST PERFECT
Formed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the
Perfect Base
amō -āre -āvi -ātum
amāveram
amāverās
amāverat
amāverāmus
love
PAST PERFECT
Formed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the
Perfect Base
amō -āre -āvi -ātum
amāveram
amāverās
amāverat
amāverāmus
amāverātis
love
PAST PERFECT
Formed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the Perfect Base
amō -āre -āvi -ātum
amāveram
amāverās
amāverat
amāverāmus
amāverātis
amāverant
love
PAST PERFECT OF
moneō
-ēre -uī
-itum
monueram
warn
PAST PERFECT OF
moneō
-ēre -uī
-ītum
monueram
monuerās
warn
PAST PERFECT OF
moneō
-ēre -uī
-itum
monueram
monuerās
monuerat
warn
PAST PERFECT OF
moneō
-ēre -uī
-itum
monueram
monuerās
monuerat
monuerāmus
warn
PAST PERFECT OF
moneō
-ēre -uī
-itum
monueram
monuerās
monuerat
monuerāmus
monuerātis
warn
PAST PERFECT OF
moneō
-ēre -uī
-itum
monueram
monuerās
monuerat
monuerāmus
monuerātis
monuerant
warn
PAST PERFECT OF
vincō
-ere vīcī victum
vīceram
conquer
PAST PERFECT OF
vincō
-ere vīcī victum
vīceram
vīcerās
conquer
PAST PERFECT OF
vincō
-ere vīcī victum
vīceram
vīcerās
vīcerat
conquer
PAST PERFECT OF
vincō
-ere vīcī victum
vīceram
vīcerās
vīcerat
vīcerāmus
conquer
PAST PERFECT OF
vincō
-ere vīcī victum
vīceram
vīcerās
vīcerat
vīcerāmus
vīcerātis
conquer
PAST PERFECT OF
vincō
-ere vīcī victum
vīceram
vīcerās
vīcerat
vīcerāmus
vīcerātis
vīcerant
conquer
PAST PERFECT OF
audiō
-īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīveram
PAST PERFECT OF
audiō
-īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīveram
audīverās
PAST PERFECT OF
audiō
-īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīveram
audīverās
audīverat
PAST PERFECT OF
audiō
-īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīveram
audīverās
audīverat
audīverāmus
PAST PERFECT OF
audiō
-īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīveram
audīverās
audīverat
audīverāmus
audīverātis
PAST PERFECT OF
audiō
-īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīveram
audīverās
audīverat
audīverāmus
audīverātis
audīverant
PAST PERFECT OF
sum esse fuī
fueram
be
PAST PERFECT OF
sum esse fuī
fueram
fuerās
be
PAST PERFECT OF
sum esse fuī
fueram
fuerās
fuerat
be
PAST PERFECT OF
sum esse fuī
be
fueram
fuerās
fuerat
fuerāmus
PAST PERFECT OF
sum esse fuī
be
fueram
fuerās
fuerat
fuerāmus
fuerātis
PAST PERFECT OF
sum esse fuī
be
fueram
fuerās
fuerat
fuerāmus
fuerātis
fuerant
FUTURE PERFECT
Formed by adding the Future of esse to the
Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint
amō -āre -āvi -ātum
amāverō
love
FUTURE PERFECT
Formed by adding the Future of esse to the
Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint
amō -āre -āvi -ātum
amāverō
amāveris
love
FUTURE PERFECT
Formed by adding the Future of esse to the
Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint
amō -āre -āvi -ātum
amāverō
amāveris
amāverit
love
FUTURE PERFECT
Formed by adding the Future of esse to the
Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint
amō -āre -āvi -ātum
amāverō
amāveris
amāverit
amāverimus
love
FUTURE PERFECT
Formed by adding the Future of esse to the
Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint
amō -āre -āvi -ātum
amāverō
amāveris
amāverit
amāverimus
amāveritis
love
FUTURE PERFECT
Formed by adding the Future of esse to the
Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint
amō -āre -āvi -ātum
amāverō
amāveris
amāverit
amāverimus
amāveritis
amāverint
love
FUTURE PERFECT OF
moneō
-ēre -uī
-itum
monuerō
warn
FUTURE PERFECT OF
moneō
-ēre -uī
-itum
monuerō
monueris
warn
FUTURE PERFECT OF
moneō
-ēre -uī
-itum
monuerō
monueris
monuerit
warn
FUTURE PERFECT OF
moneō
-ēre -uī
-itum
monuerō
monueris
monuerit
monuerimus
warn
FUTURE PERFECT OF
moneō
-ēre -uī
-itum
monuerō
monueris
monuerit
monuerimus
monueritis
warn
FUTURE PERFECT OF
moneō
-ēre -uī
-itum
monuerō
monueris
monuerit
monuerimus
monueritis
monuerint
warn
FUTURE PERFECT OF
vincō
-ere vīcī victum
vīcerō
conquer
FUTURE PERFECT OF
vincō
-ere vīcī victum
vīcerō
vīceris
conquer
FUTURE PERFECT OF
vincō
-ere vīcī victum
vīcerō
vīceris
vīcerit
conquer
FUTURE PERFECT OF
vincō
-ere vīcī victum
vīcerō
vīceris
vīcerit
vīcerimus
conquer
FUTURE PERFECT OF
vincō
-ere vīcī victum
vīcerō
vīceris
vīcerit
vīcerimus
vīceritis
vīcerint
conquer
FUTURE PERFECT OF
vincō
-ere vīcī victum
vīcerō
vīceris
vīcerit
vīcerimus
vīceritis
vīcerint
conquer
FUTURE PERFECT OF
audiō
-īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīverō
FUTURE PERFECT OF
audiō
-īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīverō
audīveris
FUTURE PERFECT OF
audiō
-īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīverō
audīveris
audīverit
FUTURE PERFECT OF
audiō
-īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīverō
audīveris
audīverit
audīverimus
FUTURE PERFECT OF
audiō
-īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīverō
audīveris
audīverit
audīverimus
audīveritis
FUTURE PERFECT OF
audiō
-īre -īvī -ītum hear
audīverō
audīveris
audīverit
audīverimus
audīveritis
audīverint
FUTURE PERFECT OF
sum esse fuī
fuerō
be
FUTURE PERFECT OF
sum esse fuī
fuerō
fueris
be
FUTURE PERFECT OF
sum esse fuī
fuerō
fueris
fuerit
be
FUTURE PERFECT OF
sum esse fuī
fuerō
fueris
fuerit
fuerimus
be
FUTURE PERFECT OF
sum esse fuī
fuerō
fueris
fuerit
fuerimus
fueritis
be
FUTURE PERFECT OF
sum esse fuī
fuerō
fueris
fuerit
fuerimus
fueritis
fuerint
be