This PowerPoint Presentation is ©2014 by Robin L. Simmons. All Rights Reserved. For Celia Comma Splices and Fused Sentences Know how to identify these two major errors. A comma splice looks like this: Main clause +,+ main clause. A fused sentence looks like this: Main clause +Ø+ main clause. Recognize a main clause when you see one: subject + verb = complete thought. In an important piece of writing, comma splices and fused sentences = D E A T H ! ! ! Read this sample sentence: The error is here! Grandma still rides her Harley motorcycle her toy poodle balances in a basket between the handlebars. Adding a comma won’t help, sweetheart. It will just make a comma splice, an equally terrible error. Come on, Princess, let’s take a ride to the solutions! Option 1: Fix the error with a period and a capital letter. Grandma still rides her Harley motorcycle her motorcycle. Her toytoy poodle poodle balances in a basket between the handlebars. Let’s fix the errors that follow! Use a period and a capital letter. 1. While Oreo gnawed the corner of a shoe, Skeeter shredded a roll of toilet paper, paper. the Thedogs dogs love when we have forgotten to close the master bedroom door. 2. A bucket catches water under the leaky ceiling, ceiling.Annette Annette wishes she had trimmed the big oak tree before the rotten limb crashed through the roof. 3. Freddie’s car is a mess, mess. she She has overdue library books piled on the front seat, and she uses the floor as a trashcan for her frequent lunches at fast food restaurants. 4. On a busy Saturday night, Andre sweated in the hot restaurant kitchen kitchen.asAs hehe assembled pizzas, he dreamed of one day having his own cooking show on the Food Network. Option 2: Fix the error with a comma and a coordinating conjunction: and, but, for, nor, or, so, or yet. Grandma still rides her Harley motorcycle her motorcycle, and toyher poodle toy poodle balances in a basket between the handlebars. Let’s try some! Use and, but, for, nor, or, so, or yet to fix the errors that follow. 1. Darren scooped seven tablespoons of sugar into his coffee, then coffee, and he then splashed he splashed cream into the cup and stirred the concoction. 2. We suspected that Tahoe had tipped over the trash trash,he for he flattened his ears and curled his tail between his legs as we cleaned the kitchen floor. 3. Butterflies never visited the backyard, Lawana backyard, so Lawana planted planted an assortment of flowers to entice them with sweet nectar. 4. Serena searched every corner of her bedroom bedroom,she butcould she not find could not her find math her book math to book study to study forfor thethe final final exam. exam. Option 3: Fix the error with a semicolon (;). Use sparingly—three or four times per essay. Don’t capitalize after the semicolon unless the word is a proper noun, one that is always capitalized. When you are writing by hand, make sure that the semicolon has good posture. Locate the dot right above the comma. Look at our sample: Grandma still rides her Harley motorcycle her motorcycle; her toytoy poodle poodle balances in a basket between the handlebars. Fix the errors that follow—this time with semicolons! 1. Smoke billowed from the hot grill grill;thick thick pork pork chops chops lay on a plate, waiting for Uncle Rick to cook them. 2. Laurie flashed a big smile we smile; wecringed cringedatatthe the spinach stuck to her front tooth. 3. Jiggling his foot, Carlos sat in the waiting room, room;he he dreaded the shot of Novocain required to fill his cavity. 4. Pushing and grunting, Tyrone tried to budge the heavy refrigerator, refrigerator;finally finally, he decided just to paint around it, leaving a rectangle of dirty beige behind the appliance. Option 4: Fix the error with a subordinate conjunction. after although as because before even though if, even if in order that once provided that since so [that implied], so that than that though unless when, whenever where, wherever, whereas whether while Look at our sample: Grandma When Grandma rides her rides Harley her Harley motorcycle her motorcycle motorcycle, while her toytoy her poodle poodle toy poodle balances in a basket between the handlebars. Know these general punctuation rules when using subordination. +,+ Subordinate clause Main clause +Ø+ main clause. subordinate clause. For exceptions to these rules, see Comma Tip 5 ! Look at our sample: When Grandma rides her Harley motorcycle, her toy poodle balances in a basket between the handlebars. Grandma rides her Harley motorcycle while her toy poodle balances in a basket between the handlebars. Let’s try fixing some with subordinate conjunctions! 1. Jeff licked the soft serve cone, as cone he he tried tried to keep to keep up up with the melting ice cream. Main clause +Ø+ subordinate clause. 2. Since NathanNathan rudely rudely slurpedslurped the spicy soup, Maybelle began loudly crunching tortilla chips. Subordinate clause +,+ main clause. 3. Harold held his hand under the cold water water he after burnt he burnt his fingers trying to remove the brownies without an oven mitt. Main clause +Ø+ subordinate clause. 4. As Thethe flowers flowers waited waited for for rainrain or the cool spray from the sprinklers, they wilted in the hot sun. Subordinate clause +,+ main clause. Quick Test Directions: Find and fix all of the comma splices and fused sentences in the items that follow. 1. I went into the bathroom last night, because night. night, night; night Ifor Iheard heard I heard someone someone I heard someone singing in singing someone Spanish. in Spanish. 2. Surprised, I turned on the lights, what lights. Whatidiot idiotwas wasmaking noise in noise making my bathroom in my bathroom so late at night? so late at night? 3. I looked everywhere—behind the door, in the closet, under the bathroom sink—but I couldn't find the source of the music, the music, andsinging the singing was was really weird. 4. I listened closely, closely.the The singing seemed to be coming from the window above the bathtub, so I stuck my head around the shower curtain and looked in all of the corners. 5. It was unbelievable, unbelievable.there There was a spider spinning a web behind my shampoo bottles allall bottles; the the while while, sheshe was singing Spanish love songs. 6. When the spider saw me staring at her, she said, "Yeek," I Iwasn't "Yeek!" wasn'tused usedtoto Yeek! spiders squeaking in surprise at me in my own bathroom. 7. When the spider realized I was a human being, she crouched further behind the shampoo bottle bottle.I,I,on onthe the other hand, went to get a can of Raid. 8. When I returned with the can of Raid, I pointed it at the poor spider, wishing for her death, death. she, She,as asaa result, started singing even more beautifully. 9. Did I really want to hurt this poor creature who sang such beautiful Spanish love songs, did songs? Did I really I really want want to to poison her and cause her to die a slow death behind the shampoo bottle? 10.This spider was frightful looking, for she had long hairy legs, bulging eyes, and terrible Correct! pinching jaws, but I decided that if she would continue singing in her beautiful manner, I would let her live on the bathroom window ledge. Correct again! 11. Every morning since that surprising evening, I listen to my singing spider, who continues ¡Azucar! to live behind the shampoo bottle. 12. I brush my teeth to the melodic voice of a very talented arachnid, my arachnid while spider my spider eats eats whatever unlucky flies get trapped in the house, house. I've I've learned to think before I spray Raid. The End. Be kind to spiders! Or we’ll crawl into your pants and bite your thighs!