ISPS
11. Security Training
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.1
Security Training
I.
Training requirements
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.2
Don’t Be Kept In The Dark!
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.3
Before ISPS
• Training requirements concerning security
were very poor and generic
• The only training requirement could be found
within the STCW – Masters and chief officers
on board of ships > 500 GT should be trained
to maintain safety and security of ship’s
crew and passengers.
• The training on board was totally focused on
safety; fire and boat drills, onboard
emergency procedures, maintenance of
safety systems etc.
• No security matters were covered
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.4
After ISPS
•
•
All of a sudden security training was
there and in a very prominent way.
The ISPS code reveals training
requirements at 3 fundamental levels.
1. Security awareness
2. Provision of security
3. Management of security
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.5
Level 1: Basic security Training
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.6
Level 2: Provision of security
Training
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.7
Level 3: Management of
security Training
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.8
Not everybody has to be trained
in the same way
• ISPS part A (compulsary part) requires
training for security officers (ship, port and
company) and for personnel with security
duties.
• ISPS part B recommends basic security
training for all other personnel
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.9
Hierarchy for maritime security
training
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.10
Remarks
• An approved ISPS training program goes
well beyond the training of personnel in a
security management function.
• Officers on duty in port or at sea must be
trained according A 13.3 Master and Chief
Officers are supervising and managing the
duties of the deck officers. STCW (not
ISPS) states that they should also be
trained in the management of on-board
security. At this moment there are no
security training requirements within
STCW?
HZS ISPS
2006-2007
11.11
Remarks
• During the initial phase the required ISPS
training has been provided by means of
formal training programs
• Once implemented there is an on-going
requirement for on-board training (part A –
regular intervals, Part B – every 3 months
while large scale and multi-jurisdictional
exercises are to be conducted each year.)
Maybe it is necessary to organise nationwide exercises every 3 years? Remark:
The results of such exercises must be
kept top-secret since they indicate
potential weaknesses in the security
system.
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.12
In service training
• The training strategy implied by the ISPScode is based on a train-the-trainer model.
This means you provide the security
manager with accredited training and they
will train everybody else.
• This system is unusual in commercial
shipping. Merchant officers are sailors not
teachers
• In service training is permitted as long as
the persons being trained are assessed to
determine that they are competent to
perform their duties.
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.13
In service training
• The role of the security officers is vital
• Under the STCW-context it is required that
the training is covered by a quality
assurance program. (ISM-procedures)
• Another possibility is to seek training
providers that have developed modules
that can be used by the ship Security
Officers or by training providers during on
board training sessions
– Module covering basic security requirement
– Module covering provisions and security
elements
• This way of working makes approval by
the competent authorities easier
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.14
Course Content
• A problem when it comes to national
legislations
• ISPS has been implemented at a speed
never seen before. The national
legislations have to follow but this does
not happen at the same speed => gap
between the flagstate obligations and
the international legislation
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.15
Crisis management Training
• The training requirements described in the ISPS
Code seem to presume that the security officers
have some basic understanding of crisis
management. While this assumption is true for
military/coast guard personnel (whose operations
are exempted from the ISPS Code), and may be
true for security officers in the oil and gas and
passenger vessel industries, it is not necessarily
true for merchant mariners trained to STCW
standards.
• BRM only helps when it comes to internal issues
related to a crisis
• BRM training is still not compulsary.
• Making BRM compulsary would make ISPS
HZS ISPS
2006-2007 more effective
11.16
training
Crisis management Training
• Coordinating security efforts with other
organisations require the installation of a
standard structure such as ICS = Incident
command system
• A critical feature of ICS is that everyone
adapts a common vocabulary, utilize
standardized forms, and receive basic
training on how ICS works.
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.17
The following personnel must receive
training for their appointments and
positions
•
•
•
•
•
COMPANY SECURITY OFFICERS (CSOs)
SHIP SECURITY OFFICERS (SSOs)
MARITIME SECURITY OFFICERS (SOs)
SHIP’S SECURITY STAFF
PORT FACILITY SECURITY OFFICERS
(PFSOs)
HZS
2006-2007FACILITY SECURITY STAFF
• ISPS
PORT
11.18
Company Security Officer &
Ship Security Officer Training
should include
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Security administration;
Relevant international conventions, codes and
recommendations;
Relevant Government legislation and
regulations;
Responsibilities and functions of other security
organizations;
Methodology of ship security assessment;
Methods of ship security surveys and
inspections;S
Ship and port operations and conditions;
Ship and port facility security measures;
Page 73 ISPS Code 2003
Editionresponse and
Emergency preparedness
and
contingency planning;
10. Instruction techniques for security training and
education,including security measures and
procedures;
11. Handling sensitive security-related information
and security-related communications;
12. Knowledge of current security threats and
patterns;
13. Recognition and detection of weapons,
dangerous substances and devices;
14. Recognition, on a non-discriminatory basis, of
characteristics and behavioural patterns of
persons who are likely to threaten security;
15. Techniques used to circumvent security
measures;
16. Security equipment and systems and their
operational limitations;
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.20
17. Methods of conducting audits, inspection,
18. Methods of physical searches and non-intrusive
inspections;
19. Security drills and exercises, including drills and
exercises with port facilities; and
20. Assessment of security drills and exercises.
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.21
1.
2.
3.
4.
In addition, the Ship Security Officer
should have adequate knowledge of, and
receive training in, some or all of the
following, as appropriate The layout of the
ship;
The ship security plan (SSP) and related
procedures (including
scenario-based training on how to respond);
Crowd management and control techniques;
Operations of security equipment and
systems; and
Testing, calibration and at-sea maintenance
of security equipment and systems.
Page 73 ISPS Code 2003 Edition
Shipboard personnel having specific
security
duties should have sufficient knowledge and
ability to perform their assigned duties including,
1. Knowledge of current security threats and
patterns;
2. Recognition and detection of weapons,
dangerous substances and devices;
3. Recognition of characteristics and
behavioural patterns of persons who are
likely to threaten security;
4. Techniques used to circumvent security
measures;
ISPS 2006-2007
11.23
5.HZS Crowd
management and control techniques;
7. knowledge of the emergency procedures
and contingency plans;
8. Operations of security equipment and
systems;
9. Testing, calibration and at-sea
maintenance of security equipment and
systems;
10. Inspection, control, and monitoring
techniques; and
11. Methods of physical searches of
persons, personal effects, baggage,
cargo, and ship's stores.
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.24
All other shipboard personnel should have
sufficient knowledge of and be familiar with
relevant provisions of the SSP, including:
1. The meaning and the consequential
requirements of the different security levels;
2. Knowledge of the emergency procedures and
contingency plans;
3. Recognition and detection of weapons,
dangerous substances and devices;
4. Recognition, on a non-discriminatory basis, of
characteristics and behavioural patterns of
persons who are likely to threaten security;
and
ISPS 2006-2007
5.HZSTechniques
used to circumvent security 11.25
Drills and exercises
• Organsation of these drills and exercises
is one of the main responsabilities of the
SSO
• The SSP is a living document that should
be updated ceaseless
• The SSP should be in line with most
probable and realistic threats (changing)
• Drills and exercises are the proper method
to maintain and improve the SSP
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.26
Drills and exercises
• The objective of drills and exercises is to
ensure that shipboard personnel are
proficient in all assigned security duties
at all security levels and the
identification of any security-related
deficiencies which need to be
addressed.
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.27
• To ensure the effective implementation
of the provisions of the ship security
plan, drills should be conducted at least
once every three months. In addition, in
cases where more than 25% of the ship's
personnel has been changed, at any one
time, with personnel that has not
previously participated in any drill on
that ship within the last 3 months, a drill
should be conducted within one week of
the change.
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.28
Drills should test individual
elements of SSP such as:
• Damage to, or destruction of, the ship or of a port
facility, e.g. by explosive devices, arson, sabotage
or vandalism;
• Hi-jacking or seizure of the ship or of persons on
board;
• Tampering with cargo, essential ship equipment or
systems or ship's stores;
• unauthorized access or use, including presence of
stowaways;
• Smuggling weapons or equipment, including
weapons of mass destruction;
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.29
• use of the ship to carry those intending to
cause a security incident and/or their
equipment;
• use of the ship itself as a weapon or as a
means to cause damage or destruction;
attacks from seaward while at berth or at
anchor; and attacks while at sea.
• These exercises should lest
communications, coordination, resource
availability, and response.
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.30
These exercises may be:
1. Full-scale or live;
2. Tabletop simulation or seminar; or
3. Combined with other exercises held, such
as SAR or emergency response exercises
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.31
• Various types of exercises, which may include
participation of company security officers, port
facility security officers, relevant authorities of
Contracting Governments as well as ship
security officers, if available, should be carried
out at least once each calendar year with no
more than 18 months between the exercises.
These exercises should test communications,
co-ordination, resource availability, and
response.
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.32
Assessment of security drills
and exercises
• At the end of each drill or exercise, the
Ship Security Officer shall review the drill
or exercise, and ensure that any mistakes
made or deficiencies identified are
corrected. All personnel involved shall give
their comments on the effectiveness of the
drill to the Ship Security Officer.
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.33
The following slides can be
used as hand-out or aide
mémoire when composing the
security training program for
officers and crew on board
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.34
•
Some loose remarks
concerning practical exercises
on
board
Determine the most probable threats to
your ship and concentrate the exercises
around these topics (concentration of
efforts)
• Try to make a link with the actual position
and/or scheduled voyage of the ship
• Try to combine several exercises into one
big realistic full scale exercise f.i. fire on
board together with bomb search
• When planning exercises take the work
load of the crew into account f.i. not a
security
HZS ISPS
2006-2007 exercise just after leaving a port. 11.35
Some loose remarks concerning
practical exercises on board
• Exercises on board have to well planned and
organised => no amateurism is allowed
• The exercises have to be as realistic as
possible and applicable to the ship you are
sailing on
• Use real stuff (within reasonable limits)
• Bring necessary variation into your
exercises. The exercise may not be
predictable.
• Plan your exercise at a decent time – not in
HZSthe
ISPS 2006-2007
11.36
free time of people or in the middle of the
night
•
Each exercise is composed out of 3
parts
1. Breefing (motivation, objectives and
methodology used)
2. Exercise itself
3. De-breefing (Evaluation, feed-back)
•
Use of modern teaching methods such
as computer based training, video’s
etc. These modern techniques have to
be used to improve the teaching not to
get rid of it.
• Provide some kind of reward for those11.37
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
who performed well during the
CREW SECURITY TRAINING program
•
•
•
Module 1
Devices and IEDs
Aim:
General overview of possible terrorist devices and
targets.
Duration:
40 mins
Audience:
Max 15 - 20 incl key personnel involved in BSP
(Bomb Search Plan)
Module 2
Incident Reporting
Aim:
General awareness and the correct reporting chain.
Duration:
30 mins
Audience:
Max 25 by department.
Module 3
Baggage Search
Aim:
Search techniques for cabin & hand baggage.
Duration:
45 mins
Audience
Max 12. Gangway duty personnel & cabin staff.
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.38
• Module 4
Personal Search
Aim:
Body search techniques.
Duration:
45 mins
Audience: Security staff and other selected staff incl female.
• Module 5
Passport Checks
Aim:
To indicate key security items in the checking of
passports.
Duration:
60 mins
Audience: Selected staff Pursers Dept.
• Module 6
Use of Security Equipment
Aim:
To practice the correct use of security equipment.
Duration:
30 - 60 mins
Audience: Security & Gangway staff. Key BSP personnel.
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.39
• Module 7
Drugs Identification
Aim:
Identification & correct handling of suspect drugs.
Duration:
45 mins
Audience: Ships officers and search personnel.
• Module 8
Telephone Security
Aim:
To raise awareness of telephone security needs.
Duration:
30 mins
Audience: Telephonists & reception staff.
• Module 9
Port Security Briefing
Aim:
To indicate specific security problems in particular
ports.
Audience: New crewmembers.
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.40
EXERCISE-EXERCISE-EXERCISE
Aim:
To exercise ships personnel under the circumstance of a
hi-jack
occurring at sea.
Participants:
Master and/or Staff Captain
Chief Engineer
Deck Officer
Radio Officer
Safety Officer
Doctor
Hotel Director
Chief Purser
Chief Housekeeper
Documentation:
Ships Security Plan
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.41
Method: Serials given below represent a series of events. The
requirement is to consider what actions, if any, could or should be taken
by key individuals to minimise the risk to life and property and to protect
Company interest.
Serial
1 3 Hrs after leaving embarkation port. Three UK males appear on bridge
with weapons (pistols). Watch Officer threatened and asked
whereabouts of Master (Day Cabin). Two males escort Watch Officer
to cabin and return with Master approx. 4 mins later.
2 One male Hi-jacker? Leaves the bridge and returns after 4 mins with 2
other persons also armed. (Possible grenades, 1 x automatic sub
machine gun and a suitcase (poss parcel bomb).
3 One male (leader) uses hand held radio. (Not ships equipment).
Watch Officer told to secure Bridge main and Wing doors. After 5 mins
Master informed on Bridge telephone by Staff Engr that 1 x armed
male is in Engine Room and by Duty Receptionist that 1 x armed
female in Chief Pursers Office.
4. Master told to summon Radio Officer to Bridge and instruct Company
Operations that ship has been seized by Chechnya Liberation Army
and to standby for urgent demands to FRG Government concerning the
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.42
release of Chechnian patriots held in Frankfurt as Political Prisoners.
5. Master instructed to use PA system to request all passengers to return
to their cabins.
6. Three hi-jackers leave Bridge with satchel (bomb?).
7. Master instructed to use PA system to assemble all crew in Muster Stn
A.
8. Receptionist uses Ships Radio to report reception phone jammed by
pax calls requesting info.
9. Reported on Bridge phone - 1 x crewman injured (poss gsw to leg) lift
lobby Promenaden.
10. Master informed by one hi-jacker (leader?) that a bomb has been
placed in a key location and will be detonated by radio if any resistance
encountered.
11. Radio Officer instructed to despatch lengthy text document of
‘demands’ to Coy.
12. Radio Officer informs Master he has been instructed to downpower all
Satellite Comms.
13. Hotel Director reports passengers leaving their cabins in order to find
out what is happening.
14. Hi-jack leader demands food is taken to Bridge, Engine Room,
Reception
HZS ISPS
2006-2007and cabin 6.
11.43
15. Master told to bring all passenger Passports to Bridge and to identify all
passengers who are FRG employees.
16. Doctor reports injured crewman needs urgent attention on shore.
17. Master instructed to have all passenger and crew mobile phones
collected on aft mooring deck.
18. Hi-jack leader instruct Radio Officer to take one man to the TV Centre
for a ship announcement.
19. A lady passenger arrives at main Bridge door and says she thinks her
husband is suffering a heart attack.
20. Sole hi-jacker left on Bridge asks location of toilet and leaves the
bridge.
EXERCISE - EXERCISE - EXERCISE
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.44
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.45
!! Good Luck !!
HZS ISPS 2006-2007
11.46