Geopolitics of Energy United States of America Russian Federation People´s Republic of China KS Energy and Sustainable Development, SS 2011 Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic USA Energy Consumption USA Austria 8,000 kilo oil equivalent 4,000 kilo oil equivalent Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 2 USA Energy Production Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 3 USA Import & Export • 24% of consumed energy is imported energy Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 4 Geopolitical strategies USA The gulf region • 2010: 30 % of global oil production 55 % of global oil reserves • dependence of industrialized countries • influence on bordering countries – containment of russian and chinese interests Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 5 Geopolitical strategies USA Nabucco-Pipeline • from Azerbaijan to Austria • influence balance of forces in the Middle-East & Central Asia • power of Russia could be reduced • USA tries to improve their relations to the participating countries Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 6 Energy Consumption Russian Federation • Total energy consumption: 686,757 kt of oil equivalent • Energy consumption per capita: 4,838 t of oil equivalent • Total consumption of electricity enrgy: 725,460 GWh • Total consumption of heat energy: 4,757,649 TJ Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 7 Energy Production Russian Federation • Total energy production: 1,253,922 kt of oil equivalent Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 8 Imports & Exports Russian Federation • 2nd largest exporter of oil (largest non-OPEC member) – 5,43 million bbl/day (2009) • Largest exporter of natural gas – 179,1 billion m³ (2009) • Russia is energetically selfsustained Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 9 Russian Federation European reliance on Natural Gas • Interruptions in gas supplies because of disputes between Russia and the Ukraine in January 2009 • „North Stream“ and „South Stream“ pipeline projects should establish a direct connection between Russia and the EU • Competition in form of the Nabucco pipeline, which circumvents Russia Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 10 Russian Federation Russia as an energy superpower • High dependence of neighbors on russian energy exports • Russia uses this dependence as a policy tool to influence its neighboring states • Race for the Arctic Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 11 Cooperation with China Russian Federation • Pipeline project valued at $ 25 M which connects Russia and China • Russia brings oil on the AsianPacific market • Reduction of the reliance on European trading partners while simultaneously opening new markets Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 12 Republic of China many ressources 1.3 billion people Energy self sufficent untill 1993 enormous growth rates, energy production could not keep pace growing purchasing power through industrialisation BRICS Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 13 China Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 14 Brazilian Pipeline China 1050 km pipeline to connect south-east and north-east Brazil export-corridor 900 million USD loan to Brazil, half the sum in Yuan repaid in oil Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 15 Venezuela Joint Venture China contract between Petróleos de Venezuela and China National Petroleum Corporation exploration, production, oil marketing and transportation 50.000 barrels/day in 2012 400.000 barrels/day in 2016 for 25 years Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 16 China Angola Angola provides 25% of Chinas oil Imports China International Fund Ltd Imex Bank Luand International Airport Hydro Power Plants Railway … little influence of IMF, because of chinese Investment Geopolitics of energy Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic Pagina 17