PROCESS-ORIENTED APPROACH TO
TRANSLATING SPORTS RESEARCH PAPERS FROM
SERBIAN INTO ENGLISH
Third IATIS Regional Workshop – Novi Sad:
September 25 and 26 2014
Mira Milić, Faculty of Sport and Physical
Education, Novi Sad
Presentation plan
4 sections:
Introduction
Theoretical aspects of non-literary translation
Description of the corpus
Method of corpus analysis
Conclusions
Introduction
• Aim: on the basis of corpus analysis, to suggest
the need for upgrading a widespread productoriented approach to translation of non-literary
texts.
– From product-oriented activity to process-oriented
activity due to complex requirements such as:
• Good command of two languages
• Knowledge of terminology
• Certain knowledge of the subject matter
• Expectations of the target reader.
Theoretical aspects of non-literary
translation
• Non-literary translation covers texts: administrative, legal, economic,
business, scientific, technical, and publicist texts (cf. Gibova 2012);
• Non-literary translation - a process-oriented operation aimed at the
transfer of pragmatic information from one language to another
(Gibova 2012: 18);
• Essential aim: translation must be reader-friendly;
• In line with Vermeer’s skopos theory, the concept of equivalence of
the ST and TT is replaced by the concept of adequacy;
• Discussing technical translation, Byrne (2010) says that it is a matter
of the extent of modification;
• Non-literary translation is a matter of stylistic modifications if the
style of the original text is deficient (Newmark 2004: 12);
• Accordingly, non-literary translation IS creative to a certain extent;
• It requires process-oriented teamwork (translator’s and/or author’s).
Description of the corpus
• 3 M21-23 research papers in the field of sport translated from Serb.
into Eng., each with the initial and final peer translator/researcherreviewed version, entitled:
– “Uticaj eksperimentalnog programa fizičkog vežbanja na
mentalno zdravlje dece predškolskog uzrasta” (Eng. Exercise
Effects on Mental Health of Preschool Children) (Tubić & Đorđić
2013), EEOMHPC;
– “Posturalni status i profil samovrednovanja dece” (Eng. Postural
Status and Self-Perception Profile of Children) (Poček, Đorđić &
Tubić 2012), PSSPPOC; and
– “Latentna struktura Ravnovih progresivnih matrica u boji” (Eng.
Latent Structure of Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices)
(Fajgelj, Bala & Katić 2010), LSRCPM.
Method of corpus analysis
• All papers were analysed in terms of six
comprehensibility dimensions, as per
Göpferich (2009):
– concision,
– correctness,
– motivation,
– perceptibility,
– simplicity and
– structure
Concision (overtranslation)
Serbian text
(1)Phrase: E-specific
morphosyntax
(1)
(2)
(2)Extra-words of a
sentence
(3)Paragraph: abstract
modification
Total no of words:
EEOMPHC: 5549-5200
PSSPPOC: 3445-2981
LSRCPM: 8590-9480
(3)
… u specifičnim domenima
samovrednovanja…
(PSSPPOC)
Polazeći
od
nespornih
osobenosti
istražovanja
efekata fizičkog vežbanja
kod
dece
predskolskog
uzrasta, u ovom radu se
problemsko ponašanje dece
karakteriše sa stanovišta, u
dečjoj
psihologiji
i
psijihijatriji
poznate
i
prihvaćene,
podele
na
eksternalizovano
i
internalize-vano ponašanje…
(EEOMHPC)
Uticaj
eksperimentalnog
programa fizičkog vežbanja
na mentalno zdravlje dece
predškolskog uzrasta (title)
(abstract containing 167
words and two paragraphs)
(EEOMHPC)
Initial English translation
Final English translation
… in specific domains of … in domain-specific selfself-perceptions…
perceptions…
Starting with an indisputable
peculiarity
of
the
examination of the effects of
doing physical exercises on
preschool children, this paper
is based on the classification
of problematic behviour into
externalized and internalized
behavior, which is wellknown and accepted in
children’s psychology and
psychiatry…
In this paper, the problem
behavior is considered in
terms of externalizing and
internalizing behavior, which
is well-known and accepted
in children’s psychology and
psychiatry…
Influence of the experimental
programme of doing physical
exercises on mental health of
preschool children (title)
(abstract containing 204
words and two paragraphs)
Exercise effects on mental
health of preschool children
(title)
(abstract containing 167
words and one paragraph
only)
Correctness (absence of any mistakes
related to spelling, grammar and lexis)
Serbian text
(4) Mistranslation of meta-
(8) Serbian-based
clippings
Final English translation
(4)
meta-analiza (EEOMHPC)
target-analysis
meta-analysis
(5)
Skor na svakoj subskali
predstavlja
aritmetičku
sredinu
odgovora
ispitanika na pojedinačne
tvrdnje koje se boduju na
četvorostepenoj
skali…
(PSSPPOC)
The score on every
subscale represents the
arithmetic mean of the
answers given by the
examinees
to
every
assumption
which
is
marked on four-level
scale…
The score on every
subscale represents the
arithmetic mean of the
responses given to each
item scored on a fourlevel scale…
(6)
…problemsko
…
(EEOMHPC)
ponašanje …problematic
behavior …problem behavior…
versus behavior…
(7)
…2,5
(EEOMHPC)
godine… …2,5 years…
(8)
PMB (Progresivne matrice PMB (Color Progressive CPM (Color Progressive
u boji) (LSRCPM)
Matrices)
Matrices)
(5) Overtranslation +
Improper lexis due to
translator’s insufficient
knowledge of the subject
matter
(6) BE versus AE spelling
(cf. e.g.2 “behaviour”
(7) Decimal coma versus
decimal point
Initial English translation
…2.5 years…
Motivation (to attract the reader’s
attention)
(9) Literal translation: *dullwitted versus low-average
intelligent
(10) Ambiguous sentence
meaning in Serbian: not clear
what occurs in a given range APM scores or prediction
(11) Emphasis missing on the
fact that it is author’s own belief
+ insufficient argumentation of
the ST
Serbian text
Initial English translation
Final English translation
(9)
Visoko nadprosečni ispitanici 1942.
godine bili bi danas razvrstani kao
mentalno tupi. (LSRCPM)
Highly above-average subjects
from 1942 would fall under the
current category of dull-witted
people.
The
highly
above-average
participants from 1942 would
nowadays be classified as mentally
dull.
(10)
Rushton i saradnici (2004) navode
da je predviđanje školskog uspeha i
uspeha na poslu, na osnovu skorova
sa APM, između 0,20 i 0,50. Pri
tome je predviđanje školskog
uspeha najčešće 0,40, a kad se
kontroliše uzrast i socio-ekonomski
status 0,28. (LSRCPM)
Rushton et al. (2004) report the
anticipated academic and business
achievements based on scores with
APM in the range between 0.20
and 0.50, with 0.40 as the most
common one or 0.28 if age and
socio-economic
status
is
controlled.
Rushton et al. (2004) report that the
prediction of academic and business
achievement based on the scores of
APM was in the range between 0.20
and 0.50, with 0.40 as the most
common one or 0.28 if age and
socio-economic status is controlled.
(11)
Ovaj proces nema samo za cilj
nalaženje tačnog rešenja, nego
verujemo da pomaže ispitanicima,
posebno inteligentnijim, da otkriju
zakonitosti u slici. (LSRCPM)
This process is not only aimed at
finding correct solution, but it is
believed to be helping the subjects
especially more intelligent ones to
discover a regularity of a picture.
For example, if you perceive that
there are two clouds of dots, that is,
two factors, which are in addition in
keeping
with
theoretical
expectations,
your
task
is
accomplished. Based on such a
perception you will theorize, set
further hypotheses, or make
structural conclusions. If you
perceive your variables as being
grouped in two or more wholes, that
is a valuable finding both
heuristically and epistemologically.
Motivation cont.
(12) Non-transeference of
full semantic content of
inflectional forms of the ST
(13) Inconsistent use of
present simple and past
simple tense
(14) non-standard
acknowledgement
paragraph in TT
(12)
Pri tome, taj program kao tehniku
inicijalnog faktorisanja koristi
Minres metodu, čime smo uvećali
šarolikost primenjenih faktorskoanalitičkih tehnika i, sledstveno
tome, ograničili uticaj tehnike na
rezultate. (LSRCPM)
In doing so, the program uses
Minres method as a method of
initial factoring technique, which
allowed increased variability of the
applied factor-analysis techniques,
hence a limited effect of the
technique on results.
In addition to this, this program uses
Minres method as a technique of
initial factoring, which helps us
increase the variety of the factoranalytical techniques applied in
order to be able to perceive the
possible influence of the technique
on the results.
(13)
Apstrakt: …Osnovni cilj ovog rada
bio je da detaljnije analizira
problem dimenzionalnosti ovog
testa. ….
Osnovni cilj ovog rada se odnosi na
utvrđivanje da li eksperimentalni
program fizičkog vežbanja utiče na
manifestovanje simptoma eksternalizovanog i internalizovanog ponašanja…(PSSPPOC)
Abstract: … The basic aim of this
paper was to analyze in more
details
the
problem
of
dimensionality of the test….
The purpose of this paper is to
determine
whether
the
experimental programme of doing
physical exercises influences the
manifestation of the symptoms of
both externalised and internalised
behaviour…
The main goal of the study was to
determine the constructive validity
of Raven’s Colored Progressive
Matrices by means of item factor
analysis…
The aim of this study was to identify
effects of 2.5-year movement
program on mental health of
preschool children, i.e. the reduction
of symptoms of externalizing and
internalizing behavior.
(14)
1
1
Acknowledgements
This paper was done within the
research projects »Anthropological
status and physical activity of
Vojvodina population«, co-financed
by the Provincial Secretariat for
Science
and
Technological
Development,
and
»Integral
development, aberrant behavior and
physical activity of preschool
children«, co-financed by the
Ministry
of
Science
and
Technological
Development,
Republic of Serbia, which are
accomplished by the Faculty of
Sports and Physical Education in
Novi Sad. The study was supported
by grant No. 177-0000000-3410
from the Croatian Ministry of
Science, Education and Sports.
Rad
je
rađen
u
okviru
naučnoistraživačkih
projekata
„Antropološki status i fizička
aktivnost stanovništva Vojvodine“,
koga
sufinansira
Pokrajinski
sekretarijat za nauku i tehnološki
razvoj, te „Integralni razvoj, fizička
aktivnost i aberantno ponašanje
predškolske dece“, koga sufinansira
Ministarstvo nauke i zaštite životne
sredine“, a realizuje ih Fakultet
sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja u
Novom Sadu. (LSRCPM)
The Paper was elaborated within
research projects: “Anthropological Status and Physical Activity
of the Population of Vojvodina“,
co-financed by the Provincial
Secretariat of Science and
Technological Development, and
“Integral Development, Physical
Activity and Aberrant Behavior of
Preschool Children“, co-financed
by the Ministry of Science and
Protection of Environment“ and
implemented by the Faculty of
Sport and Physical Education in
Novi Sad
Structure (macro-level (paragraphs or longer
texts) & micro-level (two adjacent sentences)
(15) Added interrogatiove sentence →
subheading
Serbian text
Final English translation
(15)
Non-existent in Serbian.
(LSRCPM)
Non-existent in English
What are the opinions on the
unidimensionality of Raven’s tests?
(16)
1.1. Opis testa
Progresivne matrice u boji sastoje
se od tri serije od po 12 ajtema: A,
Ab i B. U okviru svake serije ajtemi
su (otprilike) poređani po težini, a
slično je i kod serija – serija B je
najteža. U gornjem delu svakog
zadatka prikazana je slika u kojoj, u
donjem desnom uglu, nedostaje
jedan deo, a ispod nje šest
predloženih rešenja, od kojih samo
jedno tačno odgovara nedostajućem
delu slike. (LSRCPM)
1.1. Description of the test
Colored
progressive
matrices
consist of three series of 12 items
each: A, Ab, and B. Within each
series, items are (roughly) ordered
according to difficulty, and the
same holds true of the series – B
series is the most difficult one. On
the top of each assignments there is
a colored picture whose bottom part
on the right is missing, with six
offered solutions given below of
which only one fits the deficiency
of the picture.
Test (subheading)
Colored Progressive Matrices
consist of three sets of 12 items
each: A, Ab and B. Within each
set, items are (approximately)
arranged according to difficulty,
and it is similar with sets – set B is
the most difficult. In the upper part
of each task there is a picture in
which, in the lower right corner,
one part is missing, and below it
there are six suggested solutions,
out of which only one fits exactly
the missing part of the picture...
(17)
Ovaj
program
smatramo
odgovarajućim zbog toga što kao
polaznu matricu može da uzme
matricu tetrahloričnih koeficijenata
korelacija, koja je pri tome tako
“ispeglana“ da bi bila pozitivno
definitna. (LSRCPM)
We believe that this program is
appropriate one due to the fact that
it allows taking a matrix of
tetrachloric
coefficients
of
correlation for an initial matrix,
which is so well “trimmed“ that it
can be a positive definite one.
This program is considered
appropriate because it can take an
initial matrix of tetrachloric
coefficients , which is “smoothed“
in such a way to be positively
definite.
(16) Paragraph
rephrased and moved
from the beginning to
the end of the section
dealing with research
method.
(17) Rephrased
sentence → better
concision,
transparency, and
reliability of the given
statement
Initial English translation
Simplicity (lexis & syntax)
(18) Terminology: modified /
retranslated
(19) Mistranslation +
Serbian-based
morphosyntax changed to
English-based
(20) Modification of English
terms & morhosyntax +
replacement of general ST
lexemes by better fitting
ones in TT
Serbian text
Initial English translation
Final English translation
(18)
Procena samovrednovanja
Izabrani merni instrument za
procenu samovrednovanja dece
podržava
multidimenzionalni
pristup self-konceptu (Harter,
1985). (PSSPPOC)
Estimation of self-perception
The
chosen
measuring
instrument for the estimation of
children’s self-esteem supports
a multidimensional approach to
self-concept (Harter, 1985).
Self-perception profile. The
chosen measuring instrument
supports a multidimensional
approach to self-concept 39
(19)
Uticaj specifičnih domena na
opšte samovrednovanje dece sa
i bez odstupanja u posturalnom
statusu. (PSSPPOC)
The
differences
in
selfperception between children
with and without deviations in
postural status.
The influence of domainspecific perceptions on Global
Self-Worth of children with and
without postural deviations
(20)
Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata
(Tabela 1), konstatovano je da
između dece sa i bez odstupanja
u posturalnom statusu, razlike u
domenima specifičnog i opšteg
samovrednovanja nisu statistički
značajne. (PSSPPOC)
Taking the obtained results into
account (Table 1), it has been
concluded that the differences in
the domains of specific and
general self-esteem between the
children with and without
deviations in postural status, are
not statistically significant.
Bearing the obtained results in
mind (Table 1), it has been
concluded that the differences
in the domain-specific and
global self-worth between the
children with and without
postural deviations, are not
statistically significant.
Perceptibility (ease of perceiving text
with our senses)
(21) Table captions and
column headings
(22) Alphabetically ordered
references reordered in the
order they appear in text
Serbian text
Initial English translation
Final English translation
(21)
Tabela
1.
Osnovni
pokazatelji ukupnog skora
PMB po godinama i ukupno
(Fajgelj i sar., 2007) – uzrast,
AS, Std. greška, σ, N,
procenat, pouzdanost α.
(LSRCPM)
Table 1. Basic indicators of
CPM score per years and in
total (Fajgelj et al., 2007) –
age, M, SEM, SD, N, %,
Reliability α.
TABLE 1
BASIC INDICATORS OF
TOTAL SCORE ON CPM
ACCORDING TO AGE
AND TOTAL (Fajgelj et al.,
2007) – age, X, SEM, SD, σ,
N, Percent, Reliability α.
(22)
Zarevski,
P.
(2000).
Struktura
i
priroda
inteligencije. Jastrebarsko:
Naklada Slap. (LSRCPM)
Zarevski,
P.
(2000).
Struktura
i
priroda
inteligencije [Structure and
Nature
of
Intelligence].
Jastrebarsko: Naklada Slap.
… — 41. ZAREVSKI P,
Struktura
i
priroda
inteligencije. (Structure and
Nature
of
Intelligence)
(Naklada Slap, Jastrebarsko,
2000)…
Conclusions
• Corpus analysis of 3 published M21-23 research
papers on sport in terms of reader-friendly
approach: text comprehensibility; results:
• Substantial number of corrections of initial TT
and modifications of ST;
• Translation equivalence (initial translation)
translation adequacy (final translation);
• Non-literary translation IS creative to a certain
extent;
• Product-oriented translation (by a linguist)
process-oriented teamwork (translator+author/s).