The fastest growing and largest segment of
Protestant-evangelical Christianity is now the
“ renewal ” movement
 The quest for the pure church practice has
motivated many to reject the institutional church
and practice spiritual manners and seek spiritual
experiences or phenomena
 Montanus (mid 2nd cent), in central Turkey or
Phrygia, declared himself to be the Paraclete,
incarnation of the Spirit.
 Spoke in ecstatic visions and urged fasting and praying
 His prophecies superseded and fulfilled the Bible
doctrines
 A few scattered references through the Dark Ages
from mystics entering a trance would speak in a
babbling
 Augustine said “tongues” disappeared quickly
 Camisards or Jensenites (French Prophets) (1705)
believed the prophecy of Joel was fulfilled in their
day– voices from heaven spoke to them
 Rejected doctrine of justification but held a mystical
experience of their soul with their Creator
 Moved to England and influenced the Shaker movement
and Anabaptist Spiritualists movement
 Shakers under Ann Lee practiced ecstasy in dancing,
trances, loosing control of themselves and speaking
in strange languages though non-orthodox
 Edward Irving (1830) in England, sought the
restoration of all spiritual gifts including apostleship
and tongues (Irving did not speak in tongues so
could not become an apostle in his own church!)
 National Camp Meeting Association for the Promotion
of Christian Holiness, “that all would realize together
a Pentecostal baptism of the Holy Ghost” 1867
 Holiness movement rooted in John Wesley’s theology
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Prevenient Grace – drawing a sinner to God – “assisting
grace” if yielded to
Convincing Grace – evidenced by repentance to salvation,
but must continue on to sanctification or lose this grace,
thus holiness becomes essential to salvation
Second Work of Grace – instantaneous higher power
 He defines sin as a willful decision to sin – sins of omission are not
considered sin.
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Progressive entire sanctification: without progress you lose
it
Glorification is contingent upon progress in stages of
sanctification
 Charles Finney (1792-1875) and Revivalism (1792-
1820) – Second Awakening – Gave the bazaar
practices to meetings
 Denied original sin (only conscious disobedience is
sin), Armininian, salvation in 3 stages
 Holiness Movement mostly based on Finney
 Claimed the Second Work of Grace was the Baptism
of the Spirit, and was essential for sanctification
 Salvation was seen as the result of sanctification
which was only possible through the power baptism
of the Spirit
 The Holiness Movement was trans-denominational
 Universal quest for the Baptism of the Spirit for power to
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be holy
Doctrine came from Methodist, but practice came from
American frontier, open air revivalism
Following the Civil War the movement sought to bring
America back to moral foundations
Anyone who could gather a crowd and be persuasive
Before the Civil War there were 4,000 itinerating
evangelists – after the War, there were 1,000 evangelists
 Began preaching at 15, married at 19, started a
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“healing home” in Topeka, Kansas –believed he had been
healed from rheumatic fever
Sought to know the latest truths of the Latter Day Rain
Movement on a sabbatical
Returned to Topeka to find he had lost control of his
healing home, so he started Bethel Bible School by faith,
without tuition
New Years service, Jan 1, 1901,after the small group was
fasting and praying for the baptism of the Spirit, Agnes
Ozman was the first to speak in “tongues”
This was the first linking of seeking the baptism of the
Spirit and speaking in tongues
 Its origins began on New Years, 1901, in Topeka, KA, then spread
to Azusa Street Mission (Revival) in Los Angeles in 1904-06
 Parham moved from Topeka to Houston where he taught his new
doctrine
 William Seymour, a one-eyed African-American was allowed to
listen from another room
 Seymour was invited to a small mission in a poor section of Los
Angeles, where his preaching sparked a revival that changed
Christianity until the present
 Many believed the tongues were literal languages to evangelize
the world, but discovered they were babble
 The Assemblies of God (AG) were formed in 1914
 Period of Ostracism (1920-1960) by other evangelicals
 Charismatic movement launched Pentecostalism on the world
 April, 1960, Father Dennis Bennett, Rector of Episcopal
Church of Van Nuys, CA, announced he had spoken in
tongues
 Taught that all the gifts were operative for church today
 Now the miraculous gifts became the goal of the baptism, and
effective ministry – rather than sanctification
 Spring, 1966, laymen of Duquesne Univ., Pittsburgh, spoke
in tongues to begin the Catholic Charismatic Movement
 Catholics have grown beyond the Protestant Charismatics
 Catholics interpret their experience as ratification of the
Catholic doctrine
 The focus on an emotional style of worship to lead to
feeling the presence of God is becoming the norm
 pentecostal_bedlam
 Peter Wagner , 1983, described the Third Wave of the Holy Spirit
, which is part of the Charismatic movement – Also the Vineyard
Movement
 This movement incorporates the Latter Rain Movement,
Manifest Sons of God teaching and Kingdom Now and
Dominion Theology (to be discussed in the SLSW movement
next week) and the Apostolic Renewal Movement
 This movement identifies the baptism of the Spirit with
salvation without a second work of grace experience
 Their emphasis is on the ongoing manifestations of the Spirit
(tongues may or may not be emphasized).
 Most Third Wave leaders do not usually speak in tongues
 The emphasis is on miracles, prophecy and demonic conquest
 Worship is central, spiritual disciplines, visions, voices, etc.
 Key leaders are John Wimber, Paul Cain, Bob Jones, Mike Bickle
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WDBRgZP7ul8
 The new Subjective Hermeneutic displaces the
grammatical-linguistic-historical principles
 Four areas of focus:
Narrative-based interpretation over didactic texts
Community-based interpretation, what the Spirit gives a
congregation through revelations
3. Unlimited reading into a passage the interpreter’s
background or subjective experiences
4. Mediating-based interpretation which assumes a vast
common ground between cessationists and noncessationists
for unity and acceptance
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 To discuss any biblical text an agreed upon hermeneutic is
essential, and now that is nearly impossible!
 Jesus’ promise of “further truth” is a license for unlimited
revelations
 A variety of views are held, but all teach a 2nd work of
grace or post-conversion enduement is necessary
 Variety of views on glossolalia as a sign of Spirit
Baptism
 Tongues is the traditional Pentecostal/Charismatic sign
 Some special gift manifestation esp. healing or miracles
 Desire to worship and serve Jesus
 Unique manifestations are special signs: “slaying in
the Spirit,” levitating, filling teeth, laughing
uncontrollably, jerking, going unconscious, continual
jumping or holding up arms, dancing for hours,
reading people’s minds, foretelling their future.
 "I do wish to issue a warning about the dangers of a
'charismatic sympathy' position that remains open to
the possibility of noncessationism. All it takes for a
local church or a Christian college or seminary to
become totally noncessationist is for the leadership to
become "charismatic sympathizers." Recent
evangelical history has taught that. An institution
does not have to be pro-noncessationist to move in
that direction. All it has to do is to have 'Open But
Cautious' leaders, members, or students, and over
time, noncessationism will leave its mark on that
body."
 Nothing “big” is possible without Pentecostal support
 “Open, but cautious” view eventually becomes pro
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Pentecostal
60-70% of Latin American evangelicals are charismatic
Growing at 8.1% -- 50% higher than evangelical 5.4%
From 0 to 523 million+ in 100 years!
They are the boldest, most evangelistic, unashamed,
confrontationalist Christians today
They exercise their faith in bold testimony to God’s
power over the impossible without hesitation.
 Dead orthodoxy can never replace a vital relationship
 Scripture is alive and real
 Gifted leadership must lead
 Knowledge cannot replace brotherly love
 Emotions must be led by truth, but truth must not
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suppress emotions
Human efforts cannot replace the work of the Spirit
All Christians need to be aggressive in proclaiming the
gospel
People need to participate in worship
Christians need higher level of commitment