Expressing “-ing”
 In Spanish, if we want to express the idea of
“-ing” we must use a Progressive Tense.
 Progressive Tenses are compound tenses.
This means we use an auxiliary verb (helping
verb) followed by a verbal participle.
 For a progressive tense. We will use a Present
Participle (also called a gerund). This is what
you use to express “-ing.”
 The auxiliary verb will be ESTAR (to be).
The present participle
 How does one form a gerund?
1)Take an infinitive.
2) Drop the -AR/-ER/-IR
3)Add the “-ing” to the stem.
a) -AR verbs -and0
b) -ER/ -IR verbs  -iendo
 There are no spelling changes for gerunds.
 If the verb is an –AR or –ER verb, you will not
stem change.
 If you are dealing with an –IR stem changing
verb, you will perform a slight stem change.
OUE (ou)
 EIE (ei)
 EI (ei)

 If an –ER or –IR has a vowel remaining in its
stem, you will change –IENDO to –YENDO.
(iy).
 If the verb is a –GUIR verb you will not
change IY.
 If there is an “Ñ” or “LL” in the stem of an –
ER or –IR verb, you will not write the –I of
–IENDO.
 There are 2 irregular gerunds.

IR- to go YENDO- going

PODER (o:ue)-to be able PUDIENDO-being able
Expressing “-ing”
 If you want to express what you are in the
process of doing in the present, you will use
the Present Progressive.
 ESTAR (present indicative) + gerund
 If you want to express what you were in the
process of doing in the past, you will use the
Imperfect Progressive.
 ESTAR (imperfect indicative)+ gerund
 If you want to express what will be in the
process of doing in the future or what you
may be doing in the present, you will use the
Future Progressive.
 ESTAR (future) + gerund
 If you want to express what would be in the
process of doing or what you might be
doing in the past, you will use the
Conditional Progressive.
 ESTAR (Conditional) + gerund
 If a sentence calls for it, you may put the
Present Progressive into the subjunctive.
 ESTAR (present subjunctive) + gerund
 If a sentence calls for it, you may put the
Imperfect Progressive into the subjunctive
 ESTAR (imperfect subjunctive) + gerund
“To be”
 Here are your pertinent conjugations of the
verb ESTAR to be used with your progressive
tenses.
Pres. Ind.
Imp. Ind.
Future
Conditional
Pres. Subj.
Imp. Subj.
Estoy
Estaba
Estaré
Estaría
Esté
Estuviera
Estás
Estabas
Estarás
Estarías
Estés
Estuvieras
Está
Estaba
Estará
Estaría
Esté
Estuviera
Estamos
Estábamos
Estaremos
Estaríamos
Estemos
Estuviéramos
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Están
Estaban
Estarán
Estarían
Estén
Estuvieran