Level 3 Printmaking 2012
‘Identity ’
3.1 Analyse methods and ideas from established
printmaking practice
Credits: 4
Andy Warhol
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Andy Warhol was born August 6, 1928 and died
February 22, 1987. He was a leading figure of Pop
Art. His works explored the relationship between
artistic expression, celebrity culture and
advertisement. He worked in a range of medium s,
including painting, sculpture, film, and music. He
also was the author of a few books like the
Philosophy of Andy Warhol and Popism and the
Warhol sixties .
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Andy Warhol was a gay man who lived openly
before the Gay Liberation Movement. His studio was
a famous gathering place that brought together
intellectuals, drag queens, playwrights, street
people, Hollywood celebrities, and wealthy people.
He must have been a very entertaining man.
Jiri Koura
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Jiří Kolář was born 24 September 1914, and died 11 August
2002, Jiri was a poet, writer, painter and translator. His work was
divided between literary and visual art.
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He is best known for his collages of different photos and layering
techniques in which he uses to create a 3d effect to his works.
Also he loves to feel the texture and see the texture in his
works.
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His quality of the work varies widely, from unique items not to
be found elsewhere. One reason for their different qualities in
his works is because of Kolar’s upbringing in life and the
different stages and periods he went through.
Lenore Tawney
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May 10, 1907 and died September 24, 2007. She was an
American artist who became an influential figure in the
development of Fibre Art.
She was Born in Lorain, Ohio. After High School she she
studied weaving at the university in Chicago.
In 1957, she moved to New York city and lived there until
her death at aged 100.
Her works are all based on the same subject matter with
similar pictorial devices. She made collages and
assemblages from found objects. Also different types of
paper and layering /weaving techniques used. Cutting
and pasting and gluing back together. In 1989 she had a
book published on her and all her works.
Andy Warhol
Subject Matter:
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Portrait of a famous celebrities of well known figures
such as Marilyn Monroe and Elvis Presley.
Influences:
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His biggest influences was Popular Culture He
admired the famous people in life and how we
viewed them so highly which started him on his role
of screen printing portraits of women.
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Pictorial devices used:
Colour: the different layers of bright colours working
together is very effective. The strong boldness of his
images , The detail in the many faces you can see through
the layers created. Movement is created which gives the
images different effects from different angles.
• “Seeing triple” 2007
Source: found on Google images
Media Techniques:
Silk Screen
Screen Printing
photographs
Slide projections are also used in is other of his works but
no as common.
Different effects are created from different angles these
images are viewed from.
Andy Warhol
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Name: “Shot Blue”
Size : 650 mm x 710mm
Source: found on google images
Pictorial Devices :
Colour: the strong bright colours are used in this portrait of
Marilyn Munroe.These volours are used to create the stardom
of Monroe, her bright glamourous status.
Contrast: In colours provides the image with more detail
Layering : is used with the different colours layered on top of
each other to create the photographic Silk-Screen
Subject matter:
The subject he used is Marilyn Munroe and famous
celebrities. He also has works on other famous celebrities
like Elvis Presley
Influences :
Andy Warhol was very interested by Marilyn Munroe a
famous singer who died a long time ago. Influenced by the
media and the rich and famous.
Techniques:
Warhol frequently used Silk-Screening ,His later drawings
were traced from slide projections . At the height of his fame
as a painter Andy have several assistance who produced his
Silk-Screen multiples, following his directions to make
different versions and variations of his works.
Ideas:
By reproducing the famous person again and again Warhol
made them more and less special at the same time. More
special in that they become more recognised but less special
in that they become more common and available. This relates
to the contradiction of how famous people are treated by the
media and their public.
Lenore Tawney
• Name : ‘The Other Sea’ 1967
Size: 9x8x3
from the book “Lenore Tawny ,American Craft
Museum”
Book Published 1989
Influences behind work:
This image is influenced by old books. Lenore wanted to
explore the idea of a flat book and make it 3
dimensional. By doing this she used different book
text and created this image
Pictorial devices:
• Colour: colour is used on the paper to make it look
old. Lenore used tea bags to stain the text and give
it contrast with the white paper.
• Layering: lots of the different txt looks very
effective as colour is used to brake the image up
and show of the layering more. Also the different
shapes of the circle all adds to the layering effect.
Which suggest pages used.
• Collage: this is used extensively throughout this
image. Collage is the main technique behind her
work. Much of an influence to her by using
different medias and collaging them to create her
works. I really did find this idea effective and
unique.
• Composition: the layering effect of all of them put
together give a very unique composition. Images
are small in scale
• Materials: Different types of novel books, Printed
text and papers and fibres
• Ideas: there are many contradictions which make
us think about what books are supposed to be.
First the flat book becomes 3D. Then second how
the mass produced book becomes a one-of-a-kind
Lenore Tawney
Media and Materials:
Faces, skeletons, Text used also in other languages like Chinese, houses,
churches and music paper
Photo paper, Tracing paper, news paper, music sheets
Techniques:
Grid effect, collage of different layered colours and materials
.Composition: Images are put together in a collage style and they effects
that suggest Fragmentations. The longer you stare at them the more you
can pick out information on them.
Procedures used:
Sticking and cutting, pasting images all together to create one body of
work.
Schwitters smile 1985
Size: 7x9
From the book: “Lenore
Tawney “
Influences Behind work:
She is very much influenced by weaving and sculpture. She likes to use
different medias of materials together, Meditating on her work she is
trying to achieve helps he re gain focus and help her keep going on the
piece of work she is creating. Also postcards was a big influence behind
this work. She likes how uninspiring they look so she created a new look
for a postcard out of recycled materials.
Pictorial Devices:
Layering, Pattern, Detail,collage, Shapes – different types of shapes are
used, Shadows are created around the edge of the image, The subject in
the picture varies from which angle and which part of the picture you
look at.
Meaning:
She wants people to grow a greater meaning for postcards and see that
they can be “a work of art” and they contain so much more that when
first glanced at.Her works become a synthesis of already exisiting
documents. Tawney creates her own postcards and books.
Lenore Tawney
Pictorial Devices
Composition: the way the work is positioned and the layering
and colours all work together which add to the overall
composition.
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Colour: dull lighting water washed colours are used in this
image to give effect of water or fluid. He uses browns and
dark browns throughout the weave to give the picture
contrast.
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Layering: the layering 3d effect is used throughout her
images to create a more textured and 3 dimensional feel to
them. Collage: the weaving technique is used in her work I
realy like the 3d effect it gives to this image
Influences behind work:
Lenore was influenced by her own personal experiences in her
life . Neat are the sides of the image , they appear more flat and
distilled hence the name of the image ‘ Distilla’ came from.
• Name: ‘Distilla’ 1967
Size: 10x8
Sourced from “Lenore Tawney ”
American Craft Museum
Subject Matter:
Text writing from a novel, shellac is a media used , normal A4
paper is used as the base of her image.
Ideas:
The work is about what we value and remember. The cut away
parts could relate to censorship as with soldiers during the
Vietnam war who would the revealing parts of their letters
home cut out or blacked over by censors.
Jiri Koura
• Media techniques and Processes used:
Jiri works with collage and layering of different
materials to create one body of work. He uses
2 pictures a lot of the time and submerges
them together by finely cutting them in tiny
individual strips then gluing them all together.
He also uses repition . As in this picture the
over the top layer of the lady is a repeated
image over and over again. These techniques all
work together to create his images that he
does.
Subject matter:
widowed looking woman, The sea, Old wooden
log, 2 more lady's and some green scenery
Courtship / Brautfahrt
62 × 44 cm
Influences behind work :
What ideas he really looked at in this work are
the olden day heritage of lady’s and how they
were not to go out of the house and do all the
chores and then in the picture behind this black
and white lady is two women leaning on some
old rotten wood at the sea dipping there feet in
it with not a care in the world. The collage
effect is not only a pictorial device it is very
influencial to jiri. He loves to give prints a
unique like and his angle on this is collage . He
exspreeses his images through collage.
Jiri Koura
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This picture was sorced from “The
making of Modern Art book”
Written by Brandon Taylor . This
book was pulished in 2004
Image size: 15cm x 8cm
1979: year the image was created
• Techniques and Pictorial devices used:
Jiri has combined different types of media together to
prodeuce this image. He has taken pictures of other
people heads and other objects within the picture to
create his images . Layering and collage are the techniques
used for this image . Other devices used are colour. Jiri
uses bright colours to bring more effect and boldness to
his images but he also uses a more washed out effect in
his images. In this image you can see the bright colours
but the washed effect of them. Jiri does this to make his
bold colours not overwrite the idea of the image. Black
and white is also used in this picture as the old
gentlemen’s head is black and white. Jiri mixes black and
white with colour to which helps show the overall idea of
his artworks. His work is screen-printed and pieced
together with magazine cut outs which he overlays them
onto his works then scans these images back onto the
computer to edit these works on photo shop.
Subject matter:
Women, Man, Little child, curtains, dinning table, couches
and many other things that make up the room of the living
room.
Influences behind work :
This work is about Domestic violence in the western
world. Jiri adapted his style just for this artwork to help
show the ‘social collapse’ , ‘and western world’
interwoven to show violence.
Jiri Koura
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Media and techniques used:
Collage: he uses collage to create a new angle to
screen printing. This looks very effective
Black and white:
Layering:
Subject Matter:
A man is used as the subject matter in this image
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Image name: ‘ The Hidden man’
Size: 15x10 m
He states about this image “ Nothing is born
without inner and external contradiction” hence the
image being the image seen through the slits of the
work
From the book Collage “Making of Modern art” by
Brandon Taylor 2004
Influences and ideas behind artwork:
When first looking at this picture I found it very
diifficult to work out what it was about . But
after researching into it I found out this picture
was about hidden identity and not fully being
able to tell what this mans history in life is. That’s
where the name “ The Hidden Man” came in. I
like how this image is distorted almost
Pictorial Devices:
Layering is used in the image
Contrast in colours is used by using black and white.
Pattern is created when the joining technique is used
view point is very straight on and direct.
Scale: This image is very large and would take up a
10m long wall.
Positive and negative space is created.
Jiri Koura
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Lenore Tawney
Layering
Collage: Jiri uses collage to give a new
angle to screen printing . He wants his
images to look unique from every angle not
just from 1 view point
Contrast in colours is used by using black
and white.
Pattern is created when the joining
technique is used
view point is very straight on and direct.
Positive and negative space is created.
Combined different types things standout
and show moods and give boldness
Black and white is also used
Screen printed and pieced together with
magazine cut outs which he overlays them
onto his works then scans these images
back onto the computer to edit these works
on photo shop.
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Ideas behind work:
Extensive global travel.
Her works have a spiritual
content. These messages
about the frailty and
transiency of life, and the
need to find inner peace
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The similarities between Koura and Tawney is the use of the collage techniques and process.
Koura works have a surrealist aesthetic, while Tawney was influenced by Abstract
Expressionism. She was engaged in fibre art and weaving, while Jiri Koura works digitally to
compose his works and manipulations. Jiri gives a more aesthetic manipulated feel which
gives a more technically manipulated approach. They have more of a time approach too. The
colours created by Lenore are more surreal and ‘fantasy/dream like’ the colours have little
vibrancy unlike Jiri’s works
Both artists deal with issues of recycling and concealment
Recycling old images to make new work is about how we value things and possibly the
wasteful nature of contemporary western lifestyles.
Concealment is shown in how the images are fragmented. This could relate to modern life
and how things move so fast that we never have time to think. Ironically these artists are
from very different cultures but both seem to share similar concerns. This is because in the
20th century art has become very international rather than culturally specific.
(Ironically some post-modern art goes the exact opposite at the same time – for example
Michael Parekowhai talks about very specific contemporary Maori political issues while using
a very international stylistic language)
Jiri Koura
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Layering
Collage: Jiri uses collage to give a new
angle to screen printing . He loves
hisimages to look unique from every angle
not just from 1 view point
Contrast in colours is used by using black
and white.
Pattern is created when the joining
technique is used
view point is very straight on and direct.
Scale: Some of Jiris works spam up to 10
meters in length
Positive and negative space is created.
Use of colour to make things standout and
show moods and give boldness
Screen printed and pieced together with
magazine cut outs which he overlays them
onto his works then scans these images
back onto the computer to edit these works
on photo shop.
Andy Warhol
Subject Matter:
Portraits of famous celebrities of well
known powerful people such as Elvis
Presley and Marilyn Munroe
He also screen prints fruit and containers as well
as figures
•Colour – bright and bold colours are used to
capture the attention of peoples eye and to create
a bold “ wow” type reaction
• The detail in the many faces you can see
through layers .
Media Techniques:
•Silk Screen Printing
•Slide projections
•Photographs
•Layering : is used with the different colours
layered on top of each other.
•Contrast: His colours provides the image with
more detail. The layering effect of the block
colours layered on top of other block colours
Lenore Tawney
Andy Warhol
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Colour: colour is used to show boldness and on the
paper to make it look old. Lenore used tea bags to
stain the text and give it contrast with the white
paper.
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Layering: lots of the different text looks very
effective as colour is used to brake the image up
and show off the layering more. Also the different
shapes of the circle all adds to the layering effect.
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Collage: The layering over block colours on top of
block colours looks very effective
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Grid effect
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Composition: the layering effect of all of them put
together gives a very unique composition
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Pattern
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Detail
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Small scale is used
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View point is very straight on and direct
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Repetition
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Different types of novel book texts used to create
imageof media together to produce this image.
Subject Matter Includes:
Faces, skeletons, Text used also in other languages like
Chinese, houses, churches and music paper
Ideas behind work:
Extensive global travel.
Her works have a spiritual
content. These messages
about the frailty and
transiency of life, and the
need to find inner peace
Subject Matter:
Portraits of famous celebrities of well known
powerful people such as Elvis Presley and Marilyn
Munroe
The concept of death and disaster
•Colour – bright and bold
• The detail in the many faces you can see through
layers .
Media Techniques:
•Silk Screen Printing
•Painting on canvas
•Film making
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scale is varied depending on works. The range
from A5 to a decent 1 metres squared. Scale is
used to create a impact as the bold colours
capture your attention more when scale is applied
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Repetition is used, many prints of the same
photograph are used but each photo is slightly
manipulated with silk screen print block colours
but slightly manipulated to show mass production
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Viewpoint is very direct and straight forward
Lenore Tawney and Andy Warhol
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Many similarities and differences exists within my selected artists, however most commonly shared are
pictorial devices. Lenore Tawney and Andy Warhol use repetition; one does with materials and Warhol
with image. It is repetition that provides different effects silk screen printing is a process that allows for
mass production. Warhol works with ready made/ sourced images while Tawney works with ready made
materials .The act of ‘collecting’ is a process that both artists use, however representation is very
different.
Warhol can (in a way) make the special very mundane by reproducing famous people again and again and
adding random bits of collage so the identify becomes just a decorative element.
Tawney does the opposite by taking very mundane rubbish and turning it into one-off special art works.
In the end they are both exploring the value of objects and images. What makes us prefer one thing to
another? And why do we value some things over others?
Another key difference is the public versus private content of the artists. Warhol deals with very famous
public images that put his art on a grand socially important status (He is a man that wants to be famous).
Tawney uses very personal bits of leftover materials that are almost autobiographic at times or at least
discarded as being unimportant. This is a very female approach based on nurture and protection and
caring for stuff.
References