Review of Work
End of WWII Sketch to Stretch
 As the Allied armies were sweeping across Europe, they were
also attacking Japanese forces that had been plaguing the
Pacific islands and Asia. The Allies greatly outnumbered the
Japanese. Although the Allies did suffer about 14,000 casualties
during this Pacific campaign, the losses for the Japanese were far
worse. The Japanese would lose almost every soldier they
had in most battle, especially on the island of Saipan. Despite
being outnumbered, the Japanese fought to the bitter end.
Many charged to their deaths carrying nothing but spears, others
jumped off cliff sides to avoid capture. The surrender of
Germany left only Japan to defeat, and the actions of the Japanese
showed the price of final victory would be immense.

Brainstorm: Why do you think some Japanese chose suicide
 Over surrender?___________________________________

End of WWII Sketch to Stretch
 The main goal of the US in Japan was to gain back control of the
Philippines and to invade Japan forcing their surrender. To gain
control of the Pacific Ocean the US forces used a strategy of
capturing some Japanese-held islands and going around others.
This was called “Island Hopping”. In this campaign as each island
was won it became a stepping stone to Japan. The strategy was
deadly. First a ship shelled an island then waded onto it slowly
riddling it with heavy gunfire. Many lives were lost. In addition,
American forces had help in communication during these campaigns
from the Native Americans of the US. Navajo Code-Talkers were
Native Americans of the US who transmitted verbal messages about
the island hopping strategy. The Japanese often intercepted such
messages but they were unable to translate these foreign languages.

 Brainstorm: Why did the US want to regain control of the
 Philippines? ________________________________________________________
End of WWII Sketch to Stretch
 By 1944, the US had regained the Philippines and had gained
control of Japanese islands of Okinawa and Iwo Jima. The
Japanese fought on and stressed the Bushido code of “the way
of the warrior” in their battle ethic. This code emphasized
loyalty, honor, and sacrifice. To surrender was to “lose face”
or to be dishonored. In suicide missions, known as kamikaze
missions, pilots loaded old planes with bombs and would
then deliberately crash them into the Allied ships.
 Brainstorm: How did the “Bushido” code of the warrior
 influence strategy and military ethic in Japan?
End of WWII Sketch to Stretch
 While leaders of Britain (Churchill), the US (Truman), and Soviet
Union (Stalin) met in Germany to negotiate the end of war in
Europe the Allied leaders got news of the completion of a new
weapon of mass proportions. The Atomic Bomb was created
and was ready for use. The leaders were meeting in Potsdam,
Germany at the time and decided to issue the
“Potsdam Declaration” to Japan warning them to surrender or
faced the deadly weapon. Not knowing of the power of this
new Atomic bomb, Japan ignored the warning and fought on.
On August 6 and 9, 1945 Atomic bombs were dropped on the
Japanese cities of Hiroshima and then Nagasaki.

 Brainstorm: Do you think Japan regretted following their
 “Bushido” code after the Atomic bombings? Why or why not?
End of WWII Sketch to Stretch
 The Atomic bombings on Hiroshima and Nagasaki had
catastrophic effects on Japan. The blast in Hiroshima killed at
least 70,000 people and injuring an equal number.
Approximately 40,000 died in Nagasaki and even more were
injured there. The radiation produced by the bombs left after
effects for generations to come in the form of deadly illnesses
and birth defects. Despite the destruction, the bombings had
their desired effect. On September 2, the USS Missouri
entered Tokyo harbor and the emperor of Japan formally
surrendered on board. This day became known as V-J Day
(“Victory in Japan” Day). Though too many died, the world
celebrated. World War II was over.
 Brainstorm: Do you feel the use of the Atomic Bomb was necessary or
justified? Why or why not?
WWII and the Holocaust Fill in the Blank
 _____________, rulers who have complete power over a country
were coming to power in Europe in the 1920’s and the 1930’s.
_______________ was the leader of Italy and his political party
_____________ believed in a strong national government and a
strong sense of nationalism. ______________ was the leader of
the Soviet Union and while he was in power he wanted to expand
the idea of a ______________________ ____________ where
a single party has control over the government and every aspect of
the people’s lives. _______________ became the leader of
Germany and the ____________ Party, the National Socialist
German Workers’ Party. He was elected to be the leader of
Germany and became their chancellor.
WWII and the Holocaust Fill in the Blank
 The Nazis were extremely __________-_____________ which
means prejudice against the Jews. Hitler used the Jews as a
_________________ for why Germany was in a Depression during
the 1930’s. Hitler’s secret police, the ________________ ruthlessly
terrorized people during the 1930’s and 1940’s. They put Jews into
horrible, run-down neighborhoods called ______________. They had
to live there before being sent to ______________________
______________. The Nazis wanted to commit _______________
by attempting to kill the entire race of Jewish people. The time when
Hitler and the Nazis killed the Jews is called the
__________________.

As threats of war in Europe grew, a strong isolationist mood
gripped the country. Isolationists were determined to keep the US out
of any war. Isolationists passed a series of ___________________
___________ which banned arms sales or loans to countries at war.
WWII and the Holocaust Fill in the Blank
 Hitler was made angry by the ____________ _______
____________________ which punished Germany for WWI.
He vowed to return Germany to the way it was before WWI. He
began to rebuild the German _______________ and take back
some ___________ that Germany had lost in the treaty. Hitler
took the Rhineland, an area near France and Belgium, annexed
Austria, and took part of Czechoslovakia. All of these were
violations of the Treaty of Versailles. Hitler called a meeting with
leaders from Britain and France called the _____________
______________ in which Hitler promised that he did not
want any more land.
WWII and the Holocaust Fill in the Blank
 The leaders discussed the __________________(warlike acts
by one country against another without just cause) of Hitler, but
listened to his promises and __________________ him
because they wanted to avoid war. Hitler and Stalin signed the
___________-_____________ ____________ where they
agreed not to attack each other. Now Hitler could attack Poland
and only have to worry about France and Great Britain attacking
Germany from the ___________, and didn’t have to worry
about the Soviet Union attacking from the ____________.
WWII and the Holocaust Fill in the Blank
 Germany’s invasion of ______________ triggered WWII.
Germany defeated Poland easily using its
_________________ or lightening war. The
______________ fought against Germany and eventually
consisted of Britain, France, the Soviet Union, the United
States, and Italy (1943). The ____________________________ ____________ allowed for the sales or
loans of war materials to any country whose defense the
President deemed vital to the defense of the US, so the US
sold weapons to Britain and France before the US entered the
war.
WWII and the Holocaust Fill in the Blank
 The US was pulled into WWII when ______________
______________ was attacked by the Japanese. They used
_______________ ______________ where they loaded their
planes with bombs and crashed them into Allied ships. Because
Americans were afraid that Japanese-Americans were going to be
spies, they were put into ____________________
_______________ where they were guarded and surrounded by
barbed wire.
 _____________ ______________ used their language to send
vital messages throughout the war. Probably the most important
victory of the war for the Allies was _____ - _________. Allied
soldiers came across the English Channel landing in France to begin
the invasion of Europe, eventually pushing Germany out of France.
WWII and the Holocaust Fill in the Blank
 On the Homefront, Americans did what they could to help in the war
effort by recycling and conserving. Certain goods were in limited supply
called _______________ _____________ and you had to have
____________ ______________ in order to buy these goods. The
_________ ___________________ _____________ told factories
what to produce during the war. Also in America, scientists were
developing and testing the atomic bomb in the
__________________________ _________________.

The Soviet soldiers advanced toward Germany from the East;
British, French & US troops advanced toward Germany from the West.
Eventually the Soviets closed in on Hitler & he committed suicide before
they could capture him. A week later the Germans surrendered to the
Allies, so the Allies celebrated ____-____ ________ on May 7, 1945.
Then in July of 1945, Allied nations issued a warning to Japan to
surrender or face “prompt and utter destruction” in the
__________________ ____________________.
WWII and the Holocaust Fill in the Blank
 The Japanese government was not aware that the US had built an atomic
bomb, so they did not surrender. President ______________ decided
to use the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, because a ground invasion
would risk too many American lives. When the Japanese did not
surrender another bomb was dropped on Nagasaki in Japan. On August
14, 1945 Japan surrendered and the Allies celebrated _____ - _____
_________. World War II was now over. The _______________
_________________ was established as an international peacekeeping
organization, so that future wars could be avoided. Nazis were tried for
their crimes against humanity at the ___________________
___________. Twelve Nazi leaders were sentenced to death and
thousands of others were sent to prison. Thousands of others escaped
without being tried for their crimes.
Holocaust Readings
 Let’s review what you read…