Survey
Please go here and
answer the questions:
http://goo.gl/KP0Z5y
"Music, soccer, and backflips" - So Te Ro
Southeast Asian Coalition
Welcome!
Introductions and
Announcements
Let’s get to know each other:
Find a partner
(preferably from another school)
Find out from him/her
● name, subject area, school
● reasons for signing up for this cohort
● what challenges exist with meeting the
needs of ELLs (in their school, classroom,
community, etc.)
Materials Overview
Knowledge
● Knowledge
● Knowledge
sentences
● Knowledge
●
of the sound system
of words
of sentences and nonof grammar
What does it mean to
know a language?
Stages in Language Aquisition
●
●
●
●
●
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Pre-linguistic stage (birth to six months): The baby cries, coos,
laughs, and makes other sounds.
Babbling (six to 12 months): The baby makes nonspecific sounds
from all human languages.
One-word (holophrastic) stage (1 year): The child speaks single
words in isolation, in his or her first language.
Two-word stage (24 months): The child forms two-word phrases
or strings that reflect the language being acquired. The vocabulary
increases; the child begins to learn words at the rate of one word
every two waking hours.
Telegraphic speech (30 months): Children begin to utter short
phrases like telegraph messages, without formal grammatical
structure.
Fluent speech (three years +): The child learns grammar and
syntax (patterns of sentence formation) with surprising rapidity and
accuracy; sentences increase in length and complexity.
Pre-linguistic Stage
Babbling
Brrrr, brrrr,
bbbb,
dadada,
lala…
Holophrastic or Word Stage
Up!
Down!
Cheerios!
Two Word Stage
Hi Mommy!
More
wet
Bye bye
boat
Telegraphic Stage
Cat stand up table
● What that?
● Andrew want that.
● No sit there.
● Ride truck
● Show mommy that
●
Language Explosion
Look mommy,
how I climb
I know what
to do
I like to play
with something
else
Phonetics:
The Sounds of Language
Objective
Participants will identify the sounds of American
English, the symbols that represent them and their
particular characteristics by listening to language
patterns and sounds and analyzing language the
groups.
Name that Phoneme Substitution
1.
An Arabic student asks, “Where is my baber?”
2.
A Chinese student says, “Watch out for broken grass!”
3.
A Spanish student says, “He is chort”
4.
A Czech student says, “I leave in Yanuary”
5.
A Vietnamese student says, “I got two book.”
6.
A French student says, “I will stay with zem.”
7.
A German student says, “I sink so.”
Phonetics
The study of speech sounds
The Phonetic Alphabet
(Fromkin et al., p. 192)
● Orthography = alphabetic spelling
● Phonetics = way for the same sound to be spelled
with the same letter every time, and for any letter to
stand for the same sound every time.
IPA
[ə] = schwa as in Sofa
[soʊfə]
● represents vowels in syllables that are
not emphasized in speaking; duration is very
short
● general
● about
[dʒɛnərəl]
[əbaʊt]
● reader
[ridər]
● vowel sound in reduced syllables
● common [kɒmən]
● salad [sæləd]
Place of Articulation of English Consonants: TABLE
5.2, p. 198
● Bilabial:
● Labiodental:
● Interdental:
● Alveolar:
r
● Palatal:
● Velar:
● Uvulars:
● Glottal:
f
θ
t
p
b
m
v
ð
d
n
s
z
ʒ
k
ʀ q ɢ
h
ʔ
tʃ
g
dʒ
ŋ
ʃ
l
Palatal:
ʃ
ʒ
tʃ
dʒ j
● the constriction occurs by raising the front part of the
tongue to the palate.
● mission [mɪʃən]
● Measure [mɛʒər]
● cheap [tʃip]
● judge [dʒʌdʒ]
● yoyo [jojo]
Velar:
kgŋ
● sounds produced by raising the back of the tongue
to the soft palate or velum
● The initial and final sounds of:
● kick [kɪk]
● gig [gɪg]
● final sounds of:
 back [bӕk]
 bag [bӕg]
 bang [bӕŋ]
Glottal:
h
ʔ
● [h] as in happy [hæpi]
● flow of air through the open glottis, and past the
tongue and lips
● a vowel sound always follows [h]
● [ʔ]
● air is stopped completely at the glottis by tightly closed
vocal cords
● glottal stop: interjection “uh-oh” [ʔʌʔo]
Bilabials
Alveolars
Velars
/p/
/t/
/k/
/b/
/d/
/g/
/m/
/n/
/ŋ/
Manner of Articulation
Voiced
Voiceless
Air obstruction
Air flows freely
Vibration of vocal cords
No vibration of vocal cords
zzzzzzzzzzzzz
sssssssssssssssssssssss
Voiced and Voiceless Sounds
Nasal and Oral Sounds
What distinguishes the bilabial voiced
/m/ from /b/?
m
b
Velum down
Air escapes
through nose
and mouth
Velum up
Air escapes
through
mouth only
Nasal sound
Oral sound
Activity:
/t/ /s/= Describe place and manner of
articulation
What distinguishes them?
Stops
Continuants
The airstream is completely
blocked in the oral cavity
The airstream flows
continually through the
mouth
Affricates: A stop closure
followed immediately by a
slow release
Fricatives: the airstream
is forced through a
constriction in the vocal
tract causing friction
Liquids: some obstruction
of airstream, no real
constriction /l/, /r/
Glides:
(or semiOther phonetic
features
vowels)little obstruction of
the airstream /j/, /w/
Silent letters & hidden sounds
Table Below:
ou represents six distinct vowel sounds;
the gh is silent in all but rough, where it is pronounced [f];
the th represents a single sound, either [Ð] or [ð],
and the l in would is also silent.
●
With a partner complete
◦exercises 1, 2 and 3 on page 218
◦ exercise 5 on page 219
Practice
#1 The first sound in each:
✓ a. judge [dʒ]
✓ b. Thomas [t]
✓ c. though [ð]
✓ d. easy [i]
✓ e. pneumonia [n]
✓ f. thought [θ]
✓ g. contact [k]
✓ h. phone [f]
✓ i. civic [s]
✓ j. usual [j]
#2: last sound in each
✓ a.fleece [s]
✓ b. neigh [eI]
✓ c. long [ŋ]
✓ d. health [θ]
✓ e. watch [tʃ]
✓ f. cow [aʊ]
✓ g. rough [f]
✓ h. cheese [z]
✓ i. bleached [t]
✓ j. rags [z]
✓ a. physics [fIzIks]
✓ b. merry [meri]
✓ c. marry [mæri]
✓ d. Mary [meri]
✓ e. yellow [jɛlo]
✓ f. sticky [stIki]
✓ g. transcription [trænskrIpʃən]
✓ h. Fromkin [frəmkIn]
✓ i. tease [tIz]
✓ j. weather [wɛðər]
✓ k. coat [kot]
✓ l. Rodman [radmən]
✓ m. heath [hiθ]
✓ n. “your name” [stesi toba feldstin]
✓ o. touch [tətʃ]
✓ p. cough [kɔf]
✓ q. larynx [lærIŋks]
✓ r. through [θru]
✓ s. beautiful [bjutəfəl]
✓ t. honest [anəst]
u. president [prɛzədənt]
PRACTICE! p. 219 #5
#5 Write the words using normal English orthography.
● [hit] = heat
● [strok] = stroke
● [fez] = phase
● [ton] = tone
● [boni] = bony
● [skrim] = scream
● [frut] = fruit
● [pritʃər] = preacher
● [krak] = crock
PRACTICE! p. 219 #5
#5 Write the words using normal English orthography.
● [baks] = box
● [θæŋks] = thanks
● [wɛnzde] = Wednesday
● [krɔld] = crawled
● [kantʃiɛntʃəs] = conscientious
● [parləmɛntæriən] = parlimentarian
● [kwəbɛk] = Quebec
● [pitsə] = pizza
PRACTICE! p. 219 #5
#5 Write the words using normal English orthography.
● [bərak obamə] = Barack Obama
● [mIt ramni] = Mit Romney
● [tu θaʊzənd ænd twelv] = two thousand and twelve
Practice
● Test questions: Listen to the questions 8, 9,
10,11,12,13,14,15