Essentials of for Non-Catalogers Guy Frost Associate Professor of Library Science and Catalog Librarian Valdosta State University gfrost@valdosta.edu Susan Wynne Cataloging & Metadata Librarian Georgia State University swynne@gsu.edu 9 July 2014 NGAL Webinar Logo used by permission of the Co-Publishers for RDA (American Library Association, Canadian Library Association, and CILIP: Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals) Poll #1 Which best describes your primary job duty? Please select only one. ❑Reference/research & instruction ❑Circulation/Access Services ❑Inter-library loan ❑Collection development/Acquisitions ❑Cataloging ❑Special Collections/Archives ❑Digital initiatives/Digital projects ❑Administration ❑I do a little bit of everything! ❑Other Poll #2 Has your library implemented RDA, or does your library have plans to do so? ❑Yes, we’ve already implemented ❑Yes, we plan to implement ❑We don’t have plans to implement yet ❑Don’t know/Not sure ❑What is RDA?! Logo used by permission of the Co-Publishers for RDA (American Library Association, Canadian Library Association, and CILIP: Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals) RDA in the Personals… • NEW standard: Young, but firmly grounded. Adaptable & at home in the wide world. Seeking all kinds of resources & metadata for MEANINGFUL RELATIONSHIPS. Brief history of RDA • RDA Toolkit published as an online subscription product in June 2010 – Print version also available • U.S. “official RDA Test” in 2010-2011 – Implement with conditions • Library of Congress’ “Day One” –March 31, 2013 Brief history of RDA • Automated conversion of authority files (access points, i.e., headings) mostly happened in spring 2013 –ongoing mop-up • Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC)’s last day for AACR2 bibliographic records –December 31, 2014 Current status of RDA • No implementation mandate or deadline for all U.S. libraries, but… – Access points have changed/are changing to RDA forms •This needs to happen in all catalogs – If your library shares cataloging… you’ll probably see RDA records •Most will accept RDA copy from OCLC or vendors, even if not creating RDA records in-house How does RDA affect users? (today) Latin abbreviations no longer used AACR2 RDA [S.l.] : [s.n.], [n.d.] [Place of publication not identified] : [publisher not identified], [date of publication not identified] [Atlanta?, Georgia] : [Georgia State University Library], [2013?] Many (not all) abbreviations spelled out AACR2 RDA 2 videodiscs (169 min.) : sd., 2 videodiscs (169 min.) : col. ; 4 3/4 in. sound, color ; 4 3/4 in. vii, 100 p. : ill., ports. ; 28 cm. vii, 100 pages : illustrations, portraits ; 28 cm 4th ed. Fourth edition. 4th ed. 4th edition. (Depends on how it appears on the resource) Inaccuracies AACR2 RDA Shakespeare's Julius Caeser Shakespeare's Julius Caeser [sic] Title should read: Variant title: Shakespeare's Shakespeare's Julius Caesar Julius Caesar Shakespeare's Julius Caeser [i.e. Caesar] Variant title: Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar “Rule of three” no longer exists in RDA AACR2 RDA Brian Culshaw … [et al.], editors. Brian Culshaw, Yanbiao Liao, Anbo Wang, Xiaoyi Bao, Xudong Fan, Lin Zhang, editors. [give access point for only the first named entity] Culshaw, B. [may give access points for all/any named entities] Culshaw, B., editor. Liao, Yanbiao, editor. Wang, Anbo, editor. Bao, Xiaoyi, editor. Fan, Xudong, editor. Zhang, Lin, editor. “Rule of three” no longer exists in RDA AACR2 edited by Kristin L. Spangenberg and Deborah Walk ; circus history consultant, Fred Dahlinger Jr. ; with essays by David Carlyon ... [et al.] RDA edited by Kristin L. Spangenberg and Deborah Walk ; circus history consultant, Fred Dahlinger Jr. ; with essays by David Carlyon [and ten others]. Carlyon, David. Carlyon, David, author. Dates in RDA • RDA clearly distinguishes between different types of dates – publication – distribution – manufacture – copyright • Under AACR2, copyright date was often substituted for publication date AACR2 RDA New York : Simon & Schuster, c1994. New York : Simon & Schuster, [1994] ©1994 GMD replaced by 3 new elements – Content – Media – Carrier What’s a GMD? • “General material designation” GMD replaced by 3 new elements AACR2 RDA Downton Abbey. Season 3 [videorecording] Downton Abbey. Season 3. two-dimensional moving image video videodisc Community resources for Community resources for older adults : programs and older adults : programs and services in an era of change services in an era of change text unmediated volume GMD replaced by 3 new elements AACR2 RDA Psychology today [electronic resource] Psychology today text computer online resource Long time ago [sound Long time ago : American recording] : American songs songs performed music audio audio disc Sample records Copyright date is a separate element in RDA Role explicitly stated Relationship explicitly stated “pages” spelled out, not abbreviated p. From University of North Texas Libraries’ catalog These phrases replace Latin abbreviations s.l. and s.n. From WorldCat.org More than 3 names for the same function Access points for each of the 4 names From the University of Georgia Libraries’ catalog An optional omission No [videorecording] GMD Not abbreviated Content/media/carrier fields displayed Relationships/roles From Reed College Library catalog Things to consider • Loss of GMD—is it significant to your system and/or users? • New fields created for RDA data – To display or not to display? – Indexing, faceting, limiting… • Talk to catalogers, system vendors… Things to consider • Retrospective conversion? – Local catalogs • “Hybrid” catalog • Add selected fields retrospectively – Primarily with automated means • Convert entire database? –Some people are considering, but be cautious. – OCLC’s plans for WorldCat HOW MIGHT RDA AFFECT USERS? (future) Developing stories • Systems and vendors • Bibliographic Framework Transition Initiative, or BIBFRAME (i.e., replacement for MARC) – BIBFRAME.org – Demo set from Library of Congress RDA’s potential benefits Linked Data/Semantic Web • • • • • • Defined data elements Increased emphasis on identifiers Giving meaning to the relationships “Take what you see” “Accept what you get” RDA vocabularies and element sets are in the RDA Registry Essentials of RDA for NonCatalogers: Access Points Guy Frost Associate Professor of Library Science and Catalog Librarian Valdosta State University gfrost@valdosta.edu What Are Access Points • Fielded search points, or, searching in specific MARC fields (e.g., Title searches, Author searches, or Subject Heading searches) – Under RDA all of these have been impacted Why Are We Having All of These Changes? • Resources to be discovered have changed – Internet resources – eBooks, Streaming video, etc. • Discovery tools have changed – Smart phones • “Google Box” mentality – Will reach a much wider audience with a normalization of content – Federated searching What Has Been Changed? • Basic description Susan talked about • Move away from codes, abbreviations, capitalization, punctuation, numerals, and symbols in the Bibliographic Record • Supports the Statement of International Cataloging Principles (aka, the new Paris Principles) currently translated into 27 languages –Principle of Representation Access Points • Old terminology one may remember from library school that has gone away – – – – Main Entry = Authorized Access Point Chief Source = Preferred Source Authors = Creators etc. Changes Came In Phases • Library of Congress Authority File had a “washing” – Each Name Authority File (authors, corporate bodies, Author-Titles) was touched somehow •Anything that needed manual review was marked as incompatible with RDA (Phase 1) •Anything that could be modified via an automated means was (Phase 2) As Susan mentioned, work remains for libraries to absorb these changes into their catalogs What was changed • Changes to eliminate abbreviations – Dept. changed to Department Author: Georgia. Department of Agriculture. – O.T. and N.T. changed to Old Testament and New Testament respectively Title: Bible. Old Testament. – Simplification Title: Bible. Psalms. AACR2: Bible. O. T. Psalms. More Changes • Changes to provide clarity ca. (circa) changed to approximately Author: Tallis, Thomas, approximately 1505-1585 fl. (flourished) changed to active Author: Sunzi, active 6th century B.C. b. (born) and d. (died) changed to an en dash before or after the respective date Author: Cleary, Thomas F., 1949Author: Brown, Alexander E. (Alexander Enos), -1865 Clarity Changes Cont. • Less ambiguity – Old AACR2 version of Author-Uniform Title Meyerbeer, Giacomo, 1791-1864. Fantasie, clarinet, strings – RDA version Meyerbeer, Giacomo, 1791-1864. Fantasie, clarinet, violins (2), viola, cello Even More Changes • Changes to embrace common usage – Violoncello changed to cello Subject: Sonatas (Cello and continuo) – Koran changed to Qurʼan Title: Qurʼan. Sūrat al-Takwīr Undifferentiated Names • Names shared by many people, the John and Jane Doe’s if you will – No longer being used – Work is being done by NACO libraries to differentiate all of the undifferentiated names – Catalogers can monitor the list PERSNAME-L to keep abreast of those names that have been updated/corrected/created (https://lists.ou.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=PERSNAME-L) Principle of Representation • How authors “represent” themselves on their publications is now the most important – Jr. or Sr. now included regardless Author: Grudzinskas, Albert, Jr., author. • Fictitious characters now considered authors Author: Miss Piggy, author. Title: The diva code : Miss Piggy on life, love, and the 10,000 idiotic things men [strike through] frogs do / by Miss Piggy as told to Jim Lewis. We Now Enter the Era of Relationships and Linked Data • Showing relationships between entities associated with a resource has come to the forefront of access points – Relationships between two distinct resources (e.g., sequels and prequels, adaptations, translations) – Relationships between the entities within the resource itself (e.g., artists, photographers, illustrators, etc.) Distinct Resources: Serials • Serials have always shown relationships to other resources (e.g., title changes, supplements, etc. … so few changes with serials Title: The Atlanta journal-constitution. Formed by the union of: Atlanta journal (Atlanta, Ga. : 1889), and: Atlanta constitution (Atlanta, Ga. : 1881), and continues the numbering of the former. Formed by the union of: Atlanta journal (Atlanta, Ga. : 1889) Atlanta constitution (Atlanta, Ga. : 1881) Distinct Resources: Non-Serials • Relationships between other non-serial resources now using the same MARC fields to “link” them together Title: Follow-up review. Animal Protection Program, Department of Agriculture. Supplement to: Performance audit. Department of Agriculture, Animal Protection Program Distinct Resources: Non-Serial • Some monographic resources have seriality via a series, or sequel, subsequent volumes, etc. Author: Auel, Jean M., author. Title: Clan of the cave bear Sequel: Auel, Jean M. Valley of horses. Future Developments With Relationships Hypothetical Scenario Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. Hobbit. (53) Books (46) Adaptations: (3) Illustrated: (5) Video (4) DVD (2) Widescreen (1) Blu-ray (1) Streaming video (1) VHS (1) Audio (3) Cassette (1) Streaming audio (2) See also: Smaug: Falconer, Daniel. Unleashing the Dragon Each of these at the bibliographic level has an appropriate relationship point to the work Motion picture screenplay based on (work): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. Hobbit. This relationship connects/collocates the Video (4) hits shown above Linked Data: In the Cloud Cloud data on the horizon - Images from publishers Websites, or elsewhere - Future developments: Linking to AAPs in the cloud How Library of Congress Authority Headings Are Changing As more Discovery Tools utilize Linked Data, name authorities will become more important Another Example Faceted Access Points - Are search strings we are so accustomed to being phased out (i.e., LCSH and its structure)? - FAST headings (Faceted Application of Subject Terminology) - Designed to be a low cost - non-expertise application of subject headings - Can be applied by non catalogers - no subject strings LCSH: 650;_0; $a Railroads $z Georgia $v Maps. Becomes 650;_7; $a Railroads $2 fast $0 (OCoLC)fst01088711 651;_7; $a Georgia $2 fast $0 (OCoLC)fst01204622 655;_7; $a Maps $2 fast $0 (OCoLC)fst01423704 Some strings do still exist: 651;_7; $a Georgia ǂz Atlantic Coast. ǂ2 fast ǂ0 (OCoLC)fst01244221 LCSH: 651;_0; $a Atlantic Coast (Ga.) First step in removing abbreviations from subject access points Expansion of Indexes - Many new faceted access points are part of the 3XX suite of new fields - New Thesauri and Schema have been introduced Library of Congress Medium of Performance Thesaurus for Music (lcmpt) - These terms are to be used in a new MARC field, 382 AACR2 048;__; $a wc04 650;_0: $a Woodwind quartets (Clarinets (4)) Under RDA 048;__; $a wc04 382;01; $a clarinet $n 2 $a alto clarinet $n 1 $a bass clarinet $n 1 $s 4 $2 lcmpt 655;_7; $a Woodwind quartets $2 lcgft Public display: Notes: clarinet 2, alto clarinet 1, bass clarinet 1 Genre: Woodwind quartets Note: FAST, LCMPT, LCGFT, and other thesauri/schema are not part of RDA, but are intended to facilitate better discovery in a non MARC environment (a.k.a. BIBFRAME) RDA Terminology - RDA contains some lists of terminology all of which is recorded in its own subfield Digital file characteristics: text file: PDF Digital file characteristics: audio file: MP3, 32 kbps Font size: Large print Sound characteristics: digital, optical, surround, Dolby Digital 5.1 All of these new fields and subfields were previously recorded elsewhere either as free text or in coded form 347;__; $a text file $b PDF $2 rda Why the change? allows for indexing and sorting from results lists. These fields and intended to be “Machine Actionable” and provide a means of limiting - the full impact of this will not be visible until BIBFRAME comes to full fruition What Does This Mean For Administrators? • • • • Catalogers need to be encouraged to move out of their comfort zone and begin looking at what changes RDA brings that enhance discovery Administrators need to support RDA training both online as well as face-toface presentations and workshops - invest – many of these are free online – COMO has RDA programs and workshops that are worthwhile Recognize that linked data is upon us and consider joining the NACO program to create name authority records – enhances discovery • local institutions and authors are better defined and identified • historical information brought out in authority records Catalogers should begin to work with System Personnel – Converting existing AACR2 data to comply with RDA – Adding some of the new 3XX fields that can be automated Selected Resources http://goo.gl/HLRhEH Contact us gfrost@valdosta.edu swynne@gsu.edu North Georgia Associated Libraries www.ngalweb.org Linh Uong luong@negeorgialibraries.org Sean Boyle sean.boyle@ung.edu Lydia Hofstetter hofstetter@gntc.edu GLEAN www.georgialibraries.org/cetraining/