19th Century: Art Nouveau
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th 19 Century Architecture Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp Topics 19th Century: Art Nouveau 19th Century: Henry Hobson Richardson 19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan th 19 Century: Art Nouveau Art Nouveau gains its origin from the period known as “La Belle Epoch” 1880 – 1905 Nurtured by a variety of sources Arts and Crafts movement Gothic Revival Celtic Revival Late Baroque and Rococo Arts of China and Japan th 19 Century: Art Nouveau Earliest emergence of Art Nouveau begins in England Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo (1851 – 1942) Designed the title page of Wren’s City Churches Believed to be the first manifestation of Art Nouveau th 19 Century: Art Nouveau Victor Horta (1861 – 1947) Belgian architect known for Art Nouveau structures in Belgium Structures Tassel House th 19 Century: Art Nouveau Tassel House Brussels, Belgium 1892 – 1893 Features Swirling tendril designs http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html th 19 Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html th 19 Century: Art Nouveau Antonio y Cornet Gaudi (1852 – 1926) Spanish architect Began as a Gothic Revival architect Key structures Sagrada Familia Casa Mila Parc Guell 19th Century: Art Nouveau Sagrada Familia Located in Barcelona, Spain Gaudi moved away from Gothic style and incorporated his own personal style into his work on the structure Retains Gothic structural overtones but features a heavy, towering, sculptural presence that is clearly not Gothic 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html 19th Century: Art Nouveau Casa Mila Located in Barcelona, Spain An apartment house Features Undulating plasticity in its façade and plan No bearing walls internally 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html 19th Century: Art Nouveau Parc Guell Sited on a hillside west of Barcelona, Spain Features Extensive merging of naturalistic forms into walkways, stairways, and seating Vaulting leans at oblique angles in a grotto walkway Stairs flow downward like lava Ceramic tile finishes 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html 19th Century: Art Nouveau Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868 – 1928) Scottish contemporary to Gaudi Gifted designer who had a brief architectural career Developed a unique style that is marginally related to Art Nouveau Uses curves derived from natural forms Key structures Glasgow School of Art Hill House 19th Century: Art Nouveau Glasgow School of Art Mackintosh’s first and largest commission Presents three elevations to the perimeter streets Main entrance façade is a tight monolithic mass bounded by two rows of large, north-facing studio windows 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html 19th Century: Art Nouveau Hill House Designed for a Glasgow publisher Stands like a castle on rising ground Monolithic character is achieved by pebble-dash stucco 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html 19th Century: Art Nouveau http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html 19th Century: Henry Hobson Richardson Henry Hobson Richardson (1838 – 1886) Second American to attend the the Ecole Des Beaux-Arts Born to a wealthy family in Louisiana Major structures Sherman House, Newport Stoughton House, Cambridge 19th Century: Henry Hobson Richardson Sherman House Located in Newport, RI Features Rusticated stone on the ground floor walls Shingles on the upperfloor walls and roof Substantial chimneys 19th Century: Henry Hobson Richardson http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html 19th Century: Henry Hobson Richardson Stoughton House Located in Cambridge, MA Simplified the complex forms of the Sherman House Features Shingle-skinned plan Two-story living hall 19th Century: Henry Hobson Richardson http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html 19th Century: Henry Hobson Richardson http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html 19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan Louis Henry Sullivan (1856 – 1924) Architect from Chicago As original of an architect as Richardson Applied traces of Neo-Classicism and Romanticism Major structures Auditorium Building, Chicago National Farmer’s Bank, Owatonna 19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan Auditorium Building Located in Chicago One of the most complex multiuse buildings constructed in the country at the time Contained a ten-story hotel Additional offices in the rear 19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html 19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html 19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan National Farmer’s Bank Located in Owatonna, MN Simple rectangular solid with one circular arch on each street front http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html 19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html 19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html References Sullivan, Mary; http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/ http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wdpt1.html Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to Postmodernity Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Architecture th 19 Century Architecture Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp
