Defining Promise: Twenty-Five Years of Optional Testing
at Bates College, 1984-2009
William C. Hiss ‘66
Executive Director for International Advancement & Lecturer in Asian Studies
Kate M. Doria ’10
Bates College, Lewiston, ME
“Diamonds in the Rough: Why Every Institution of Higher Learning
Will Want to Attract and Admit Dyslexic Students”
Stanford Graduate School of Business
Stanford University
June 3, 2011
Overview
I.
Background
II. Demographics
III. Academic Outcomes
IV. Career & Graduate School
Outcomes
V. Learning Differences
VI. Questions & Discussion
Two metaphors to begin:
You know there is a story about this guy who thought he was a
chicken. People talked to his relatives, and they said, “Gee, why
don’t you get this guy into some counseling or some therapy and
try and help him get through this obsession about being a
chicken.” And the relatives said, “We would, but we need the
eggs.”
Woody Allen in “Annie Hall”
“Now that my barn has burned, I can see the moon.”
Japanese Haiku
3
BACKGROUND
4
Applicants, Admits, and Enrollees at Bates College
(students entering 1980-2009)
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
Total Applicant
Total Admitted
Total Enrolled
5
Gender in Bates First Year Applicant Pools
(students entering 1980-2009)
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
Total Applicant
Male
Female
6
Percentage of Underrepresented Minority Students*
(students entering 1980-2009)
25
20
15
10
5
0
*Federally-reported AHANA categories: African-American, Hispanic, Asian-Pacific Islander and American Indian-Alaska Native
7
Non-Submitters as Percentage of Entering Class
(students entering 1985-2005)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
SAT I Non-Submitters
SAT II Non-Submitters
SAT I and II Non-Submitters
8
Percentage of Enrolled Students who are SAT I Non-Submitters
but Submit Other Forms of Testing
(students entering 2000-2005)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
ACT
TOEFL
IB
A-Level
9
DEMOGRAPHICS
10
Percentage of Male and Female Students by Submitter Status
(students entering 1985-2005)
100
90
80
70
(2870)
(2662)
60
50
(2001)
40
(1370)
30
20
10
0
Male
Female
Note: The figure inside the parenthesis is the number of students the percentage figure represents.
SAT I Submitters
SAT I Non-Submitters
11
Percentage of Ethnicity Categories by Submitter Status
(students entering 1985-2005)
100
90
80
70
(147)
(4748)
(192)
60
50
(88)
(73)
(93)
(63)
(121)
40
(2829)
(77)
30
20
10
0
Black/ Non-Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/ Pacific Islander
Non-Resident Alien
White/ Non-Hispanic
Note: The figure inside the parenthesis is the number of students the percentage figure represents.
SAT I Submitter
SAT I Non-Submitter
12
Percentage of Students Offered Financial Aid by Submitter Status
(students entering 2000-2005)
100
90
80
70
60
50
(483)
(527)
(942)
(727)
40
30
20
10
0
Award Offered
No Award Offered
Note: The figure inside the parenthesis is the number of students the percentage figure represents.
SAT I Submitters
SAT I Non-Submitters
13
Percentage of Non-Submitters by State
(students entering 2000-2005)
14
ACADEMIC OUTCOMES
15
Mean Cumulative GPA for Submitters and Non-Submitters
(students entering 1985-2005)
4
3.5
Cumulative GPA
3
2.5
2
1.5
Mean GPA for SAT I Submitters: 3.16
Mean GPA for SAT I Non-Submitters: 3.11
Mean GPA for SAT I and II Non-Submitters: 3.13
1
0.5
0
SAT I Submitters
SAT I Non-Submitters
SAT I and II Non-Submitters
16
Mean Graduation Rates for Submitters and Non-Submitters
(students entering 1990-2005)
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
Mean Graduation Rate for SAT I Submitters: 89%
Mean Graduation Rate for SAT I Non-Submitters: 89%
Mean Graduation Rate for SAT I and II Non-Submitters: 88%
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
SAT I Submitters
SAT I Non-Submitters
SAT I and II Non-Submitters
17
Graduation Rates for Submitters and Non-Submitters by Ethnicity
(students entering 1985-2005)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Black/ Non-Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/ Pacific Islander
SAT I Submitter
Non-Resident Alien
White/ Non-Hispanic
SAT I Non-Submitter
18
Mean SAT I Math and Verbal Scores for Submitters and Non-Submitters
(student entering 1991-2005)
800
Math Score
600
400
200
Overall Difference between Submitters and SAT I Non-Submitters: 79.56 points
Score increase over time for Submitters: 53.76 points
Score increase over time for SAT I Non-Submitters: 72.10 points
0
800
Verbal Score
600
400
200
Overall Difference between Submitters and SAT I Non-Submitters: 84.86 points
Score increase over time for Submitters: 35.36 points
Score increase over time for SAT I Non-Submitters: 36.77 points
0
19
SAT I Submitters
SAT I Non-Submitters
SAT I and II Non-Submitters
SAT I Score and Cumulative GPA for Submitters and Non-Submitters
(students entering 1992-2005)
4.0
3.5
3.14
(45)
Cumulative GPA
3.0
2.5
2.95
(65)
3.02
(334)
3.02
(355)
<1000
1000s
3.03
(335)
3.12
(573)
3.19
(1217)
3.29
(1581)
3.40
(550)
3.29
(409)
3.35
(48)
3.41
(3)
1200s
SAT I Score
1300s
1400s
3.44
(61)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
1100s
1500s
Note: The figure inside the parenthesis is the number of students the average figure represents.
SAT I Submitters
SAT I Non-Submitters
SAT I and II Non-Submitters
20
Distribution of Submitters and Non-Submitters by Academic Division
(students entering 1985-2005)
100
90
80
(1203)
70
60
50
(1595)
(1799)
(207)
(152)
(252)
(85)
(72)
(1282)
(203)
(888)
40
(537)
30
20
10
0
Foreign Languages
Natural Sciences
Social Sciences
Humanities
Self-Designed Majors Interdisciplinary Studies
Note: The figure inside the parenthesis is the number of students the percentage represents.
SAT I Submitters
SAT I Non-Submitters
21
Distribution of Submitters and Non-Submitters by Major
(students entering 1985-2005)
100
80
60
40
20
0
(64)
(126)
(93)
Biological Chemistry
100
80
60
40
20
0
(52)
(22)
(40)
Chemistry
Neuroscience
(168)
(152)
(158)
(56)
(45)
Mathematics
Philosophy
(44)
Physics
100
80
(16)
60
40
(78)
(200)
(80)
(31)
(165)
(36)
(18)
(7)
(47)
(54)
(85)
(30)
(72)
20
0
African American American Cultural
Studies
Studies
Art
Classical Medieval
Studies
Theater
Women and Gender
Studies
Self-Designed
Majors
100
80
(511)
(548)
(522)
(426)
(545)
60
40
(258)
(266)
(274)
(214)
(502)
(370)
(428)
20
0
Biology
Economics
English
History
Political Science
Note: The figure inside the parenthesis is the number of students the percentage represents.
SAT I Submitters
SAT I Non-Submitters
Psychology
22
Corey Harris ’91, D.Mus. ’97, MacArthur “genius award” recipient.
CAREER AND GRADUATE SCHOOL OUTCOMES
Number of Submitters and Non-Submitters by Career Field
(students entering 1985-2005)
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Arts, Entertainment,
Recreation
Education
Fianance, Insurance
Healthcare, Social
Assistance
Information Services, Data
Processing
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Management of Companies and
Enterprises
Professional, Scientific, Technical
Services
SAT I Submitters
Public Administration
SAT I Non-Submitters
Publishing Industries
24
Number of Submitters (top) and Non-Submitters (bottom)
in Major Career Fields by Gender
(students entering 1985-2005)
400
300
200
100
0
Education
Healthcare,
Social
Assistance
Professional,
Arts,
Scientific, Entertainment,
Technical
Recreation
Services
Finance,
Insurance
Public
Administration
Publishing
Industries
Management of Information
Companies and Services, Data
Enterprises
Processing
Education
Healthcare,
Social
Assistance
Professional,
Arts,
Scientific, Entertainment,
Technical
Recreation
Services
Finance,
Insurance
Public
Administration
Publishing
Industries
Management of Information
Companies and Services, Data
Enterprises
Processing
400
300
200
100
0
Female
Male
25
Number of Submitters and Non-Submitters in Selected Occupations
(students entering 1985-2005)
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Arts
Chief Executives Financial Analysts
and Advisors
SAT I Submitters
Lawyers
Physicians and Secondary School
Surgeons
Teachers
Writers and
Editors
SAT I Non-Submitters
26
Percentage of Alumni holding Masters and Doctoral Degrees by Submitter Status
(students entering 1985-2005)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Master's Degrees
MBA
SAT I Submitter
MD
JD
PHD
SAT I Non-Submitter
27
Learning Differences
28
Mean Cumulative GPA for Submitters and Non-Submitters by Learning Difference Status
(students entering 1995-2005)
4
3.5
(3.16)
(3.30)
(3.14)
(3.18)
Cumulative GPA
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Students with Diagnosed Learning Differences
SAT I Submitter
Students without Diagnosed Learning Differences
SAT I Non-Submitter
29
LD STUDENTS: SHARE OF CLASS AND GRADUATION RATES
Percentage of Enrolled Students with
Diagnosed Learning Differences
(students entering 1995-2005)
Estimated Graduation Rate for Students with
Documented Learning Differences
(students entering 1995-2005)
100%
100%
80%
80%
60%
60%
40%
40%
20%
20%
0%
0%
30
Percentage of Testers by Test-Taking Condition and SAT Scores for 2009
Testers in Standard and Nonstandard Test-Taking Conditions
100
98%
(1,498,064)
800
90
700
80
600
70
(501)
SAT I Score
60
50
40
500
(485)
(516)
(490)
400
300
30
200
20
10
2%
(32,064)
100
0
0
Standard
Nonstandard
Note: The figure inside the parenthesis is the
number of students the percentage represents.
Verbal
Standard
Math
Nonstandard
Source: CEEB 2009 College-Bound Seniors Total Group Profile Report
31
QUESTIONS AND DISCUSSION
32