KING COUNTY SHERIFF’S OFFICE
POLICE SERVICES
PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM
SUE RAHR, SHERIFF
NOVEMBER 2011
Why are we talking about police
partnerships?
 COST - Can’t sustain 18,000 separate police departments in this
country
 Wasting scarce tax dollars creating and maintaining
redundant infrastructures, services
 Can’t keep doing less under the current service delivery
model
 EFFECTIVENESS - Can more effectively catch bad guys


Communication and coordination of investigations improve
Money saved by eliminating redundancies can be invested in
new technology, training, etc…
Good Public Policy
 We are the stewards of tax dollars
 We can achieve an optimum balance of
local control and cost savings from
economies of scale
 Frees up tax dollars for other public benefit
Demonstrating Economy of Scale
Average Cost of
Police Services
per Capita
Comparing
Contracts with
other Cities
What is a “Police
Service Partnership?”
“Police Service Partnership”
A Police Service Partnership is an agreement
between the Sheriff’s Office and an
incorporated city (or other entity) for the
provision of a specific set of police services,
as agreed to by the customer. (Contract
Policing)
Why the Sheriff?
 The Sheriff has jurisdiction
throughout the county, both in
incorporated and unincorporated
areas
 The Sheriff provides both regional
and local service
 The Sheriff is elected by residents
in both the incorporated and
unincorporated jurisdictions in the
county
Regional vs. Local Services
REGIONAL SERVICES
(Provided on a countywide basis
using regional tax dollars)
LOCAL SERVICES
(Provided to specific jurisdictions
using local tax dollars)
Air Support
Bomb Disposal
Homicide Investigations
AFIS
Child Find
Civil Warrants
Criminal Warrants
Court Security
Dignitary Protection
Search and Rescue
Sex Offender Registration
Patrol
Crime Prevention
Investigations
SWAT Team
K9
Marine Unit
Hostage Negotiation
Fire Investigations
E911 / Communications
Major Accident Response
Specialty programs
*Regional due to mandate or
funding, provided at no additional
charge
*Entity having primary jurisdiction
bears the cost of providing these
services
The History
 First contract: City of North Bend, 1973
 Two primary factors led to the increase in current customer base


1990 Growth Management Act - annexation requirements
Sheriff’s Office desire to survive
 Some cities contracted initially as a short-term placeholder after
incorporation but found it a cost-effective way to provide comprehensive,
quality police services
 Key considerations – Local Control, Identity, Cost Containment
 Today, 45 partner contracts account for more than half of KCSO
revenues and employees.
Where we are today
Today, KCSO provides full-service police departments to 12
cities in King County, and many other entities.
Incorporated area,
Contract Partners
(blue)
Incorporated area,
Non-Contract
(white)
Unincorporated Area
(green)
Who we serve today
12 Municipal Contracts
 Beaux Arts Village
 Burien
 Covington
 Kenmore
 Maple Valley
 Newcastle
 North Bend
 Sammamish
 SeaTac
 Shoreline
 Skykomish
 Woodinville
Who we serve today
Transit Police Departments
 King County Metro Transit
 Sound Transit
 KC Airport Police & Fire Fighters
Tribal Police Department
 Muckleshoot Indian Reservation
Specialty and Seasonal Service Contracts
 School Resource Officers
 Marine Unit & Dive operations
 Forest Service (Baker/Snoqualmie) patrols
 KC Housing Authority residence patrols
 Fire Investigation services
Basics
& Benefits
How We Build a Police Partnership
Local Control & Identity
 The city chief is selected by
the partner city; is responsible
for the operations; reports
directly to the city manger
 The city determines staffing
level, services and police
priorities.
 The partner city selects
uniforms and vehicles with
unique city markings
Local Accountability
 The police are accountable to city officials and citizens.
 City chiefs and police officers are part of the community:






Community events
News distribution &
communication
Block and business
watches
Service organizations
Liaison with schools
Council meetings
Partnership benefits
 Contract provides a complete police department
Locally dedicated officers
 All support services and equipment



Complete personnel management, legal services, investigative
support (photo lab, evidence management, etc…)
Quartermaster, fleet, radio communication, etc…
 Access to specialized services

Computer forensics, accident reconstruction,
SWAT, media relations, etc…
Partnership benefits (cont.)
 Avoid infrastructure start-up costs
 Share in economies of scale


Cost per employee goes down as number of employees goes up
Key in very expensive facility investments (communications center,
gun range)
 Liability

Employees assigned to cities are indemnified by the county
 Single Inter-local Agreement

individual invoices based on service selections
 Cross-dispatching cuts staffing needs (key cost saver!)
Cross-Dispatching
 Deputies/Officers on the same radio frequency routinely
cross jurisdictional lines to provide back-up
 This allows for a lower staffing level by both
jurisdictions – each can staff for average call load,
rather than the exceptions
 Example of mutual advantage:


Two small neighboring cities, on different radio frequencies, will
have to staff 2 officers per shift to ensure safe back-up
(4 officers per shift between the 2 cities)
Two small neighboring cities, on the same radio frequency, can
each staff only 1 officer per shift and still ensure safe back-up
(2 officers per shift between the 2 cities)
Kenmore Police Department
Police Chief
Cliff Sether
Dedicated Services
Shared Services
• City Chief
• 11 Deputies
• 1 Detective
• Patrol supervision
• Investigations
• Clerical Support
• Communications
• Hostage Negotiation
• Major Accident Investigation
• Major Crimes Investigation
• Special Assault Investigation
• Marine Patrol
• TAC-30/SWAT
• Adm. oversight
Total 2011 employees = 18.80
Woodinville Police Department
Dedicated Services
Shared Services
• City Chief
• Admin/Patrol Sergeant
• 7 Officers
• School Resource Officer
• 1 Detective
• Patrol supervision
• Investigations
• Clerical Support
• Communications
• Hostage Negotiation
• Major Accident Investigation
• Major Crimes Investigation
• Special Assault Investigation
• TAC-30/SWAT
• Adm. oversight
Total 2010 employees = 15.65
Police Chief
Sydney Jackson
Shoreline Police Department
Police Chief
Dan Pingrey
Dedicated Services
Shared Services
• City Chief
• Operations Captain
• 6 Patrol Sergeants
• 1 Admin Sergeant
• 1 Detective Sergeant
• 1 Street Crimes Sergeant
• 29 Patrol/Traffic Officers
• 1 School Resource Officer
• 4 Detectives
• 4 Street Crimes Detectives
• 1 Community Service Officer
• 2 Administrative Staff
• Communications
• Hostage Negotiations
• Major Crimes Investigation
• Special Assault Investigation
• TAC-30 / SWAT
• Adm. oversight
Total 2010 employees = 68.28
Sammamish Police Department
Police Chief
Nate Elledge
Dedicated Services
Shared Services
• City Chief
• 2 Patrol & Admin
Sergeants
• 1 Detective Sergeant
• 13 Patrol Officers
• 3 Detectives
• 2 School Resource Officers
• Patrol supervision
• Clerical support
• Communications
• Hostage Negotiation
• Major Accident Investigation
• Major Crimes Investigation
• Special Assault Investigation
• Marine Patrol
• TAC-30/SWAT
• Adm. oversight
Total 2010 employees = 28.98
Show Me The Money!
How do we calculate costs?
What does that mean for the city, the county, the taxpayer?
Overview of the City Contract
 Current Inter-Local Agreement signed in 2000
 Cities negotiated as a group
 The current agreement is being rolled over annually
 Developed w/ Executive, Council, Sheriff, participating cities
 Cities have identical contract terms
 Cities participate in three groups, meet every other month:
 Oversight Committee: City managers

Review policy issues, brief their city councils on the contract

Finance Team: Finance directors

Reviews all cost-related issues, reports to Oversight semi-annually.
City Chiefs Group:
 Operational and staffing related issues

25
Contract Fundamentals
•
County may not profit or give away services (Accountancy Act – RCW
43.09.210)
•
Structured for mutual advantage
•
Average cost rather than marginal cost
•
Contract entities should control the levels of service and priorities for
their police
26
Basic Contract Structure
 Service Package


Cities purchase a “package” of services including a specific
number of FTE’s of identified rank and specialty along with
mandatory and optional support services.
The services provided are divided into two categories: (1)
Precinct/City Services and (2) Support Services.
 The contract has three defined models



Flex – all services are shared (all deputies in green uniforms)
Shared Supervision – cities select a mix of dedicated and shared
services (some deputies in green, some in blue)
City – all precinct level services provided by staff dedicated to the
city; central support and specialty units are provided as a shared
service (all deputies in blue)
27
Cost Model Fundamentals
Support Services
Included:
Accounting/Payroll
 The unit cost for an officer includes all tools
for the job.

Computer Resources
Evidence and Supply
Internal Investigations


Salary, benefits & retirement, overtime, special
or duty pays
Insurance, uniforms, equipment, vehicle, radio
Support services and administration (see box)
Personnel Services
Contracting Support
Crime Analysis
Criminal Intelligence
Legal Advisor
Photo Lab
 Items excluded from the costs include:
 Regional county functions such as the Council
 Services that are regional or backed by other
revenue
Records Management
Training Unit
Polygraph
Administration
 The method of establishing unit costs does
not change from year to year.

Minor adjustments may be made to central rate
pass through costs upon analysis
28
Reactive Patrol Sergeant Cost Page Example
Reactive Patrol Sergeant
FTE Calc. Position/Title
42.00
Sergeant - Reactive Patrol
42.00 Special Pays: Sworn - Patrol
42.00 Overtime: Field Ops. - Sworn
2.00 Clothing Allowance
42.00 Quartermaster
42.00 Supplies: Field Ops.
42.00 Services: Field Ops.
42.00 Telephone
1.00 Motor Pool
42.00 Systems Services: Messaging
42.00 Insurance
42.00 800 MHz
42.00 Wireless Data
42.00 MARR Officer Accident Investigation
42.00 Div. Admn. Charges - Field Ops
42.00 Dept. Admn. Charges - Dept.
42.00 Dept. Admn. Charges - Sworn
42.00 Precinct Support Staff
42.00
TOTAL
Salary
92,485
8,186
5,655
2,910
Benefits
33,876
1,055
729
375
Non-Salary
408
977
542
481
507,805
173
2,263
1,784
540
159
1,179
11,232
5,486
2,746
Reference Org: FOD
Total
5,307,175
388,132
268,148
6,570
17,152
41,030
22,751
20,220
507,805
7,274
95,058
74,923
22,696
6,660
49,538
471,757
230,407
115,321
7,652,617
$7,652,617 ÷ 42 = $182,205
Dedicated:
# FTEs * $182,205 = Charge
Flex:
# FTEs * $182,205* % DCFS = Charge (DCFS – dispatched calls for service)
29
Communications Center Cost Page Example
Communications Center - E911
FTE Calc. Position/Title
1.00
Captain
1.00
Administrative Specialist II
1.00
Communications Operations Manager
69.00
Communications Specialist
8.00
Communications Specialist Supervisor
9.50
Communications Specialist Vapor
2.00
LAN Administrator - Journey
1.00
Project/Program Manager III
1.00
GIS Specialist
1.00 Duty Pays: Training/Holiday Pay
1.00 Special Pays: Captains
92.50 Special Pays: Professional Staff
91.50 Overtime: Comm. Center
1.00 Quartermaster
93.50 Supplies: TSD
1.00 Supplies: Comm. Center
93.50 Services: TSD
1.00 Services: Comm. Center
93.50 Telephone
1.00 Motor Pool
1.00 Capital: Comm. Center
93.50 Systems Services: Messaging
1.00 Systems Services: Access Interface (Comm. Center)
93.50 Insurance
1.00 800 MHz
1.00 Wireless Data
1.00 MARR Officer Accident Investigation
93.50 County Support Services: Building Occupancy
93.50 County Support Services: Tenant Charges
93.50 Div. Admn. Charges - Tech. Svcs.
93.50 Dept. Admn. Charges - Dept.
1.00 Dept. Admn. Charges - Sworn
1.00 Revenue: E911/PSAP
93.50
TOTAL
Salary
110,516
46,356
96,326
52,193
76,009
2
64,365
89,711
68,039
65,000
10,539
493
4,361
Benefits
33,501
20,933
27,409
21,689
24,776
23,267
26,552
23,743
8,424
1,358
64
565
Reference Org: TSD
Total
144,017
67,289
123,735
5,097,873
806,278
19
175,263
116,263
91,782
73,424
11,898
51,462
450,698
408
408
146
13,660
117,991
117,991
109
10,235
127,647
127,647
481
45,014
6,279
6,279
10,000
10,000
173
16,192
1,548
1,548
2,263
211,617
1,784
1,784
540
540
159
159
1,855
173,479
2,829
264,478
946
88,464
11,232
1,050,221
5,486
5,486
(764,587)
(764,587)
8,590,614
Non-Salary
Flex/Shared: % DCFS * $8,590,614 = Charge – (DCFS – dispatched calls for service)
30
Exhibit B Example
(invoice)
- City of Kenmore
Kenmore
Exhibit B
Cost Book:
Adopted
Draft or Final:
Final
Date:
21-Apr-10
Input Based on 2010 Adopted Cost Book
Dedicated Police Services
Police Chief *
Officers *
Overtime
Units
Salary
1.0
11.0
$108,908
$80,934
Benefits
Other
$35,993
$32,387
Cost of Dedicated Personnel, Subject to Reconciliation
Uniform, Equipment, and Supplies
Vehicles
Insurance, 800 MHz, etc.
Subtotal, Dedicated Police Services
Additional Police Services
Precinct Command Staff
Patrol Supervision
Detective Supervision
Shared Detectives
Precinct Support Staff
Communications/Dispatch
Domestic Violence Intervention Unit
Fraud Unit
Hostage Negotiation Team
Major Crimes Investigation
Marine Unit
MARR Unit
SWAT (TAC-30) Team
Units
13.20%
13.20%
14.92%
13.66%
13.75
3.10%
7.99%
20.00%
1.72%
2.75%
6.42%
3.22%
1.02%
Total Cost
1.00
11.00
--
$1,468,051
12.00
$28,901
$145,908
$54,587
----
$1,697,447
Salary
Benefits
$375,093
$104,994
$604,026
$209,589
$104,024
$35,364
$337,149
$131,279
Per Precinct FTE
$4,802,143
$1,865,376
$252,862
$98,459
$84,287
$32,820
$6,053
$1,743
$2,253,510
$865,641
$654,328
$241,879
$656,596
$253,278
$322,576
$93,192
Other
$39,199
$155,227
$19,991
$77,803
$2,746
$686,602
$58,352
$19,451
$1,722
$660,714
$357,688
-$266,493
$136,553
Subtotal, Additional Police Services
FTEs
$144,901
$1,246,536
$76,614
City Cost
12.00
FTEs
$68,529
$106,546
$23,784
$74,622
$37,758
$227,643
$32,739
$27,312
$164
$104,000
$18,082
$20,686
$5,636
0.40
0.66
0.15
0.55
0.36
2.89
0.24
0.20
0.00
0.76
0.10
0.26
0.02
$747,500
6.58
$205,390
$83,674
1.55
0.61
$289,064
2.16
$25,766
$27,933
$53,698
0.00
$2,787,709
20.74
Police Support Services
Payroll, crime analysis, evidence, recruiting
computers, records, personnel, etc.
Criminal intelligence, training, firing range
Per All FTE
Per Sworn FTE
Subtotal, Police Support Services
$11,232
$5,486
Additional Credits and Charges
Overhead Charges
Facility Charges
13.2%
Subtotal, Additional Credits and Charges
Total, Police Services
Fire Investigation charge
TOTAL CONTRACT COST, WITH FIRE INVESTIGATION
$6,705
$2,794,414
20.74
31
KCSO Contracts Budget Impacts
For over 10 years, nearly all of our discretionary
expenditure growth has been backed by offsetting
revenues and additional FTE’s for contract customers
32
Revenue makes up greater percentage of expenditures
13-Year
Cumulative
Revenue
Growth
$52.9M
296%
13 -Year
Cumulative Net
Expend Growth
$25.4M
58.5%
33
Translates to a Relatively Low Cost Per Resident
Average Cost Per Capita Comparison
2009
$350
$342
Contract cities
$300
Avg of 12 Contract cities incl:
Burien, Covington, Kenmore,
Maple Valley, Newcastle, North
Bend, Sammamish, SeaTac,
Shoreline, Woodinville, etc.,
$250
$200
$179
$150
$133
$100
Other WA Cities
Avg of 28 Puget Sound Cities Incl:
Auburn, Bellevue, Bothell, Duvall,
Edmonds, Federal Way, Issaquah,
Kent, Kirkland, Lynnwood, Lake
Forest Park, Mukilteo, Puyallap,
Redmond, Renton, Seattle, Tukwila,
etc.,
KCSO Unincorporated
$50
$0
34
Contract cities
Other WA Cities
KCSO Unincorporated
KCSO is a lean organization compared to both
local and national averages
Sworn Officers Per 1000 Comparison
1.80
1.80
1.60
Contract cities
Avg of 12 Contract cities incl:
Burien, Covington, Kenmore,
Maple Valley, Newcastle, North
Bend, Sammamish, SeaTac,
Shoreline, Woodinville, etc.,
1.40
1.20
1.00
1.01
0.80
0.77
0.60
Other WA Cities
Avg of 28 Puget Sound Cities Incl:
Auburn, Bellevue, Bothell, Duvall,
Edmonds, Federal Way, Issaquah,
Kent, Kirkland, Lynnwood, Lake
Forest Park, Mukilteo, Puyallap,
Redmond, Renton, Seattle, Tukwila,
etc.,
KCSO Unincorporated
0.40
0.20
Contract cities
Other WA Cities
KCSO Unincorporated
35
Nat’l Average - 2.7 Per 1000
Lessons Learned – Keys to sustainability
 Trust
 Relationships
 Local control
 Identity
 Shared decision-making
 Transparency
 Cost
 Politics
What’s Next?
 “Merger” with an existing department


All city police personnel, including Chief, become Sheriff’s Office
employees, staffing reductions through attrition
Labor agreements will be negotiated
 Shared dispatching, records, evidence management
 Cross-Dispatching with independent cities
 Consolidate all police/fire dispatching
 Regional Teams (SWAT, K-9, Marine, officer involved
shooting investigations)
What stands in the way?
Politics
Egos
Labor unions
Aversion to change
Questions?