The passive voice
1.被动语态的基本用法:
当谓语表示一个动作时,主语和它可以有两种
不同的关系:主动语态或被动语态关系。
在表示主动关系时（即主语为动作的执行者
时)，谓语的形式称为主动语态，在表示被动关系
时（即主语是动作的承受者时）谓语要用另一种
形式，称为被动语态。在被动结构的句子中，动
作执行者可以由介词by引导的短语表示。
被动语态由助动词be加过去分词构成，时态
通过be表现出来:
各个时态的被动形式大致可归纳如下：
一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词
一般过去时；was/were +过去分词
一般将来时：shall/will +be +过去分词
过去将来时：should/would +be +过去分词
现在进行时:be + being + 过去分词
过去进行时:was/ware + being + 过去分词
现在完成时:has/have + been +过去分词
过去完成时:had been + 过去分词
将来完成时:shall/will + have been +过去分词
过去将来完成时:
should/would +have been +过去分词
注意: 被动语态没有完成进行时,也没有将来
：
进行时态,如果有这类时态的主动结构要变为
被动结构,可以用完成时态,或一般时态:
We have been discussing it for two days.
It has been discussed for two days.
We shall be discussing it tomorrow.
It will be discussed tomorrow.
Study the following sentences:
You’re wanted on the phone.
These electronic computers were made in Xi’an.
You won’t be allowed to take so much luggage.
A new railway is being built.
The roads were being widened,
The book has been translated into many languages.
Production costs had been greatly reduced.
Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony.
The average yield was raised to 1400 jin per mu.
各种句型的主动语态转化成被动语态
1. SVO句型(主语 + 谓语动词+ 宾语)
当主语动词为SVO 句型，直接将句子的宾语
转换成被动句的主句 ，并将随后的主动语态
动词变为被动语态动词，原来的主语成了by
的宾语。
The policemen are searching the house.
The house is being searched by the policemen .
They punished the criminal.
The criminal was punished .
2.SVOiOd (主语+ 谓语动词+ 间接宾语+直接宾
语）如果主动句是SVOiOd句型时，变为被动
句时 可有两种形式：一种是以间接宾语做
主语；另一种是以直接宾语做主语。如：
Tom’s father gave him a model plane on his
birthday.
Tom was given a model plane on his birthday.
(间宾做主语）
A model plane was given to Tom on his
birthday.(直宾做主语）
注：当以直宾做主语时，间接宾语前通常
加介词”to”。如：
The have offered her a job .
She has been offered a job.
A job has been offered to her .
3.SVOC句型(主句+谓语+宾语+宾语补语)
如果主动句是SVOC结构,变成被动句时,将原来
的宾语变主语,动词动词主动态变成被动态,原来的
宾语补语就成了主语补语,置于被动语态的后面。
例如： People call New York the Big Apple.
New York is called the Big Apple .
We have painted the window white.
The window has been painted white.
被动语态主要在下面情况下用:
1) 我们不知道或没有必要知道动作的执行者是谁
(这时都不带由by引起的短语)
When will the road be opened to traffic.
Such books are written for children.
2) 动作的承受者是谈话的中心(这时可带由 by引
起的短语):
The song was composed by a student.
The lathe was designed by ourselves.
3) 出于礼貌措词圆通等方面的考虑不愿说出
动作的执行者是谁:
• You are requested to give a performance .
• It is generally considered not advisable
to act that way .
• You are cordially invited to a party to be
given at the Teachers’ Club at 3 p.m. Nov.23.
4) 被动结构能使句子得到更好的安排:
• He appeared on the stage and was warmly
applauded by the audience.
(这样安排只要一个主语就够了)
• The plan was especially supported by those who
wished to have more chance to speak English.
（如果用“those”做主语，主语和谓语的距离就
会太远．）
一些特殊的被动结构：
除了上面这些基本的形式，被动语态还有下面
特殊结构：
1)带情态动词的被动结构：
This instrument must be handled with great care.
He should be criticized for his carelessness.
2)带不定式的被动结构：
The aggressors are bound to be defeated.
If you do so, you are certain to be found out.
3)在谓语动词中，若有短语动词，即“动词＋介词”
“动词＋副词小品词”“动词＋副词小品词＋介
词”，
这三种短语动词转换为被动语态时，动词短语通常
被看成一个及物动词，后面的介词和副词不可省略．
a) 动词＋介词
Such a thing has never been heard of before.
So far no conclusion has been arrived at.
b)动词+副词:
Lots of new words have to be looked up.
A short play will be put on at the party.
c)动词＋副词小品词＋介词:
For this he was often made fun of.
His weakness was taken undue advantage
of.
This problem must be paid more attention to.
注：有些系动词＋分词的结构，意思上也接近
被动语态：
He got wounded (接近was wounded) in the
battle.（他在这次战斗中受伤了）
The house is getting rebuilt.
I felt let down by his indifference.
（他的漠不关心使我感到失望）
At last the truth became known.
She seems extremely elated by her success.
Useful sentences about the grammar:
1.She was called Big Sister by everyone.
2.The work should be done at once.
3.He was considered quite qualified for the job.
4.The room was always kept clean and tidy.
5.Ancient buildings are carefully looked after.
6.The house was set fire to by someone.
7.This has to be thought over carefully.
Read aloud all
the example
sentences on
each page.