INTRODUCTION
TO CYTOLOGY
DEFINITION
• Scientific study of cells obtained from tissues or
body secretions to identify disease.
TYPES
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Based on sampling techniques, cytology is
classified into the following:
1. Exfoliative Cytology.
2. Abrasive Cytology.
3. Aspiration Cytology.
EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY
• Based on spontaneous shedding of cells derived
from the lining of an organ into a cavity.
• Contents of the sample are derived from several
sources.
• Examples: vaginal smear, sputum, urine, CSF,
and body effusions.
• The material is collected spontaneously or by a
syringe or a cotton swab.
ABRASIVE CYTOLOGY
• Cells are obtained directly from the surface of
the target of interest.
• Samples are taken by scraping, brushing, or
washing.
• Examples: cervical scraper, endoscopy, and
gastric lavage.
• Samples can be obtained from superficial or
deep lesions.
ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY
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Samples are obtained from solid tissues that
are not connected to a hollow viscus.
A needle with or without a syringe is used.
Simple, safe, rapid, cost effective, and require
no special clinical skills.
Virtually every organ in the body is accessible
to this method.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF
CYTOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS
• The cytologic diagnosis must be based on the
entire clinical evidence available, rather than on
changes in individual cells.
• To maintain satisfactory results, the uniformity
of the technical methods employed is important.
• It is very important to acquire a thorough
knowledge of normal cells originating from a
given source before attempting diagnosis.
CONTINUE
• Understanding structural and functional cell
changes in health and disease.
• The best quality control is generated by careful
follow-up of patients and constant referral to
tissue evidence.
COURSE CONTENTS(THEORY)
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Introduction to Cytology.
Recognizing and classifying cells.
Fixation and preservation in cytology.
Methods of preparation in cytology.
Stains and staining in cytology.
Gynecological cytology: methods of collection.
Gynecological cytology: normal and functional
cytology.
CONTINUE
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Gynecological cytology: abnormal cytology
Respiratory tract cytology.
Urinary tract cytology.
Gastrointestinal tract cytology.
Cytology of fluids and body effusions.
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology.
Test Exam.
Revision.
COURSE
CONTENTS(PRACTICAL)
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Introduction to cytology laboratory.
Recognizing and classifying cells.
Preparation of fixatives and preservatives.
Preparation and fixation of specimens.
Preparation, Fixation, and Staining(1).
Preparation, Fixation, and Staining(2).
Normal gynecological cytology(slides).
CONTINUE
• Abnormal non-neoplastic gynecological
cytology(slides).
• Abnormal neoplastic gynecological cytology
(slides).
• Respiratory tract cytology(slides).
• Cytology of urinary tract, GIT, and body
effusions(slides).
CONTINUE
• Revision.
• Test Exam.
• Revision.