Theory of
International
Trade in Services
Chapter seven
Learning objective:
• learn about the brief history,
characteristics, main contents of
GATS;
• its key limitations and follow-up
negotiations;
• get to know the regional agreements
on trade in services.
7.Introduction to General
Agreement on Trade in
Services
7.1 Background of GATS birth
7.1.1Liberalization of service trade
proposed
Developed country
Developing country
Led by the United States, developed
countries actively propose the
liberalization in service trade.
• Why do the United States proposed
the liberalization?
•
• 1) The pressure from the
transnational corporations
• 2) The desire to promote American
interests in service trade and
international investment.
• What’s the attitude for the
developing country?
Oppose
support
7.1.2Main purpose and
basic rules of GATS
• Main purpose of GATS
• The main purpose of GATS is to
extend global service trade under
the condition of transparency and
gradual liberalization by setting up
multilateral rules in service trade
• Basic rules of GATS
1
Most Favoured Nation Treatment
2
National Treatment
3
Transparency
4
Market Access
• 7.2 Review on General Agreement
on Trade in Services
• 7.2.1. Structure and
Characteristics of GATS(结构与特点)
• (1)Structure of GATS(结构)
• (2)Characteristics of GATS
• 1) GATS follows and uses the basic
principle and spirit of GATT for
reference.
• 2) GATS formulates respectively the
general and special obligations.
• 3) Large amount of specific
regulations and concrete promises
need to be negotiated and defined
further.
•
•
•
•
7.2.2 Contents of GATS
（1）Preface(序言)
（2）Main Portion(主体)
（3）Appendix of GATS（GATS附录）
Main portion
• 1) Range and definition of service
trade
• 2) Regular duty of each member
• 3) Special responsibility undertaken
4)Gradual liberalization
• 5) Regulation items
• 6) Final clauses
Definition of service trade
• ① Cross-border supply (跨境交付方式)
② Consumption Abroad（境外消费)
• ③ Commercial Presence（商业存在）
④ Movement of natural person (自然
人流动)
• 7.3. Main Limitation and
Follow-up Negotiations of
GATS
• 7.3.1Main Limitation of GATS
（GATS的主要局限）
• （1）Unbalance of Benefits Between
Developed and Developing Countries
（2）Less Binding Force in Trade
Principle
• （3）Unpleasant Result of concession
• 7.3.2Further Negotiations of GATS
(GATS的后续谈判)
• （1）Negotiations on improvement of
framework agreement （完善框架协议
的谈判）
• 1) Emergency safeguard in service
industry (服务业紧急保障问题)
• 2) Subsidy for service industry (服务
业补贴问题)
• 3) Government procurement (政府采
购问题)
• 7.4.Regional Agreements on
Service Trade (服务贸易的区域
性协议)
• 7.4.1. Service Trade Agreement of
EEC(欧盟服务贸易协议)
• （1）Service Trade Agreement Inside
EEC(欧盟内部的服务贸易协议)1) Free
movement of personnel (人员的自由流动)
• 2) Financial Service（金融服务）
• 3) Transportation Service（运输服务）
• 4) Telecom Service（电信服务）
• （2）EEC Agreement on Foreign Trade in
Services（欧盟对外服务贸易协议）
• 7.4.2 Agreement on Service Trade
in North-American Free Trade
Area（北美自由贸易区的服务贸易协议）
• （1）Finance（金融业）
• （2）Telecommunication（电信业）
（3）Other Services （其他服务业）
Home work
1.
What is the main frame of the General
Agreement on Trade in Services?
2. What is the principle of the General
Agreement on Trade in Services?
3. What are the main cores and principles
for China to participate in the General
Agreement on Trade in Services?