Classification of Living Things
• Living species are placed into groups based
on their observed characteristics.
• They are usually NOT placed into groups
based on their habitat, their behavior, or
their common names.
6 Kingdoms of Living Things
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Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Bacteria are classified by SHAPE
and BIOCHEMICALS
Protista are classified by cell
structures like cilia and flagella
Fungi are classified by how they
make SPORES
Life
Cycle
Plants are classified by VASCULAR
tissue & REPRODUCTIVE structures
Life Cycle
MOSS (and relatives) has NO
vascular tissue.
All other plant groups DO have
vascular tissue
Ferns reproduce with SPORES,
not seeds
Life Cycle
Conifers have seeds in CONES
CONES are male or female
Life Cycle
ANGIOSPERMS are
flowering plants
Life Cycle
Flowering plants can be
MONOCOTS or DICOTS
A COTYLEDON is a seed part
Animal Phyla
• Porifera (sponges)
• Cnidaria (jellyfish)
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Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Nematoda (roundworms)
Annelida (segmentedworms)
Mollusca (snails, clams, squid)
Arthropoda (insects, crabs)
Echinodermata (starfish)
Chordata (vertebrates)
Phylum Porifera: the Sponges
Phylum Spongebobius:
Porifera are heterotrophic cells that group together
Phylum Cnidaria: all members have
stinging cells and one body opening
Sponge Bob walking his jellyfish
Phylum Cnidaria: corals and jellyfish
Phylum Platyhelminthes….the flatworms
They all have one body opening and a HEAD
(CEPHALIZATION)
Phylum Nematoda: the roundworms
All members of this group have TWO body openings
Phylum Annelida: the segmented worms
Phylum Mollusca:
All have a MANTLE which can
produce “shell”
Phylum Arthropoda:
All have an exoskeleton
made of protein
Phylum Echinodermata: Starfish and relatives
All have spiny skin and TUBE FEET
Phylum Chordata
All have:
Dorsal nerve cord
Pharyngeal gill structures
MOST have a backbone (vertebrae)
Phylum Chordata with no
backbone
Phylum Chordata:
Class Chondrichthyes
Phylum Chordata:
Class Osteichthyes
Phylum Chordata, Class Amphibia
Phylum Chordata, Class Reptilia
Phylum Chordata,
Class Reptilia
Phylum Chordata,
Class Aves
How did this happen?
• Write a story that explains these
observations:
• DDT is an insect poison invented in 1941.
When it was sprayed on mosquitoes in
Savannah in 1942, 99% of mosquitoes died.
• When DDT was sprayed in Savannah in
1966, only 61% of the mosquitoes died.
• DDT is no longer used to control
mosquitoes in Savannah