Trafficking of Human Beings
&
Protecting The Vulnerable
Detective Chief Inspector Nicholas Sumner
Detective Inspector Kevin Hyland
Who has responsibility for trafficking
• In London
The Metropolitan Police Service & SCD9
Elsewhere in the UK
The local police service
• National Oversight and International Liaison
The UK Human Trafficking Centre (SOCA)
• Overseas
The relevant national police or prosecutor
Where Does Trafficking Occur
Trafficking is an issue from
Sydney to
London
What do we see in the Capital
• Trafficking for sexual exploitation
• Trafficking for forced labour
• Trafficking for domestic servitude
• Trafficking of the vulnerable for exploitation
• Trafficking of children
What Is The Main Driver
What Is The Demand
• In all, an estimated 1 million young women are sold
worldwide for sex every year
• Figures for other forms of trafficking are unknown
• Demand is continual
• Migration from poorer regions such as Eastern
Europe and South East Asia has reduced the price
of sex and provided more choice for the purchaser
• In some areas exploitation of human being as slaves
is seen as a cultural issue
Current UK Trafficking Legislation
• Asylum and Immigration Act 2004
S4 Trafficking for exploitation, forced labour, organ
harvesting
Sexual Offences Act 2003:
S 57-59 trafficking into, within and out of the UK for
Sexual Exploitation
• Coroners and Justice Act 2009
Servitude, forced labour, exploitation, slavery
Legal Complexities:
Prostitution in Europe
Prostitution legal and regulated
Prostitution Illegal
No Data
Prostitution (the exchange of sex for money) legal, but organised activities ( brothels & pimping ) illegal
The demand &
Supply
•Walk in brothels
•Sauna’s
•Massage Parlour
•Escort Agencies
•Domestic Helper
•Cheap labour
•Vulnerable
children
Nationalities of Women Advertised in
London in 1 Week
EUROPEAN 446
UK 77
Spain 65
Romania 39
Italy 32
Poland 26
Lithuania 23
Czech 22
Sweden 17
Hungary 14
Latvia 8
Albanian 7
Others 53
ORIENTAL 193
China 59
Japan 48
Korea 24
Thai 21
Singapore 18
Hong Kong 8
Others 12
European other (outside EEA) 33
Russian 30
S/AMERICA 50
Brazil 30
Others 20
AFRICA 23
Pakistan 3
India 26
Our Vision
•Prevention – Working with countries of origin
•Continued Improvement in victim care
•Reduction of trafficking
•Working with partners
•Continued increase in prosecutions
•Cultural and social change
•Making London a hostile environment for
traffickers
SCD9
Human Exploitation and Organised Crime
Operations and Partners
The Police Role
• Investigations – National and International
• Proactively identify victims
• Victims debriefs and immediate support
• Arrests
• Files to Crown Prosecution Service
• Covert deployments
• Seize assets
• We cannot achieve these without partners support –
trafficking has unique challenges
What does trafficking look like
• Vietnamese 16 year old boy – forced labour and
sexual exploitation
• 45 year old Indian woman – domestic servitude
• 22 year old Thai women – sexual exploitation
• 14 and 16 year old Nigerian girls – subject to
witchcraft, raped and sexual exploitation
• 50 year old Romanian man – for forced labour and
sexually abused
• Vulnerable Polish adults – for exploitation
• Child aged 4 – kept as a slave for several years
What traffickers are we dealing with
•Russian, Belarusian, Turkish, Moldovan
•From the EU: Polish, Czech, Hungarian, Slovak, Latvian,
Romanian, Bulgarian, Lithuanian, Estonian
•Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai, Laois, Malaysian
•Brazilian
•Nigerian, Ghanaian, Maritain, Libyan, Iranian, Egyptian,
Ugandan, Sudanese, Saudi, Moroccan, Liberian,
Tanzanian
•Indian, Bangladeshi
What do they look like
Flamur DeMarku
Agron DeMarku
Izzet Fejzullahu
Bedri DeMarku
Xhevair DeMarku
Trafficker or Trafficked
Atchara Nualpenyai 6 ½ Years
Imprisonment
For trafficking
UK
Belgium
Romania
Thailand
Victim Centred Approach
Victim Centered Approach
• Understanding the needs
of the victim and ensuing a
bespoke service is given to
them
• Working with partners to
provide the best possible
after care
Victim Reception Centres
• Medical and welfare needs
catered for
• Close working with
international NGOs to
provide support for victims
back in country of origin
• Support and referrals for
those that want to stay in
the UK
Partnership Working
Partnership Engagement
• Doesn't happen by accident.....
• Vital to providing joined up support and approach to
victim
• On and off street support services
• Building trust to work together and share information
• Identifying gaps in service delivery and working
together to plug them
• Critical Friends
Current good partnerships
• Poppy
• Salvation Army
• Medaille Trust
• Migrant Helpline
• Rahab
• Caritas
• Stop the Traffik
• International Organisation of Migration (IOM)
• Women at the Well
• Bishops’ Conference
What’s next
• Identification of current resources
• Co-ordination
• Specific partnership teams
• International prevention
• International strategies
• Review of all legislation
What can be achieved
•Lithuanian 16 year old - trafficked to UK supported by
Caritas when she returned home
•Nigerian 16 year old supported by religious sisters
having been removed back to Nigeria
•Thai woman supported and assisted in employment
by women rights group in Bangkok
•Victim wrongly imprisoned released
•Wrongful deportations prevented
•Increased identification through education and
awareness
Partnerships
•Can only work with your help
•Evidence shows they work
•We will help and support any victims – that’s a
commitment
•One person makes a difference
•Those at this seminar are our current and future
partners
•One Request Today
•Disseminate the free phone helpline