Trafficking of Human Beings & Protecting The Vulnerable Detective Chief Inspector Nicholas Sumner Detective Inspector Kevin Hyland Who has responsibility for trafficking • In London The Metropolitan Police Service & SCD9 Elsewhere in the UK The local police service • National Oversight and International Liaison The UK Human Trafficking Centre (SOCA) • Overseas The relevant national police or prosecutor Where Does Trafficking Occur Trafficking is an issue from Sydney to London What do we see in the Capital • Trafficking for sexual exploitation • Trafficking for forced labour • Trafficking for domestic servitude • Trafficking of the vulnerable for exploitation • Trafficking of children What Is The Main Driver What Is The Demand • In all, an estimated 1 million young women are sold worldwide for sex every year • Figures for other forms of trafficking are unknown • Demand is continual • Migration from poorer regions such as Eastern Europe and South East Asia has reduced the price of sex and provided more choice for the purchaser • In some areas exploitation of human being as slaves is seen as a cultural issue Current UK Trafficking Legislation • Asylum and Immigration Act 2004 S4 Trafficking for exploitation, forced labour, organ harvesting Sexual Offences Act 2003: S 57-59 trafficking into, within and out of the UK for Sexual Exploitation • Coroners and Justice Act 2009 Servitude, forced labour, exploitation, slavery Legal Complexities: Prostitution in Europe Prostitution legal and regulated Prostitution Illegal No Data Prostitution (the exchange of sex for money) legal, but organised activities ( brothels & pimping ) illegal The demand & Supply •Walk in brothels •Sauna’s •Massage Parlour •Escort Agencies •Domestic Helper •Cheap labour •Vulnerable children Nationalities of Women Advertised in London in 1 Week EUROPEAN 446 UK 77 Spain 65 Romania 39 Italy 32 Poland 26 Lithuania 23 Czech 22 Sweden 17 Hungary 14 Latvia 8 Albanian 7 Others 53 ORIENTAL 193 China 59 Japan 48 Korea 24 Thai 21 Singapore 18 Hong Kong 8 Others 12 European other (outside EEA) 33 Russian 30 S/AMERICA 50 Brazil 30 Others 20 AFRICA 23 Pakistan 3 India 26 Our Vision •Prevention – Working with countries of origin •Continued Improvement in victim care •Reduction of trafficking •Working with partners •Continued increase in prosecutions •Cultural and social change •Making London a hostile environment for traffickers SCD9 Human Exploitation and Organised Crime Operations and Partners The Police Role • Investigations – National and International • Proactively identify victims • Victims debriefs and immediate support • Arrests • Files to Crown Prosecution Service • Covert deployments • Seize assets • We cannot achieve these without partners support – trafficking has unique challenges What does trafficking look like • Vietnamese 16 year old boy – forced labour and sexual exploitation • 45 year old Indian woman – domestic servitude • 22 year old Thai women – sexual exploitation • 14 and 16 year old Nigerian girls – subject to witchcraft, raped and sexual exploitation • 50 year old Romanian man – for forced labour and sexually abused • Vulnerable Polish adults – for exploitation • Child aged 4 – kept as a slave for several years What traffickers are we dealing with •Russian, Belarusian, Turkish, Moldovan •From the EU: Polish, Czech, Hungarian, Slovak, Latvian, Romanian, Bulgarian, Lithuanian, Estonian •Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai, Laois, Malaysian •Brazilian •Nigerian, Ghanaian, Maritain, Libyan, Iranian, Egyptian, Ugandan, Sudanese, Saudi, Moroccan, Liberian, Tanzanian •Indian, Bangladeshi What do they look like Flamur DeMarku Agron DeMarku Izzet Fejzullahu Bedri DeMarku Xhevair DeMarku Trafficker or Trafficked Atchara Nualpenyai 6 ½ Years Imprisonment For trafficking UK Belgium Romania Thailand Victim Centred Approach Victim Centered Approach • Understanding the needs of the victim and ensuing a bespoke service is given to them • Working with partners to provide the best possible after care Victim Reception Centres • Medical and welfare needs catered for • Close working with international NGOs to provide support for victims back in country of origin • Support and referrals for those that want to stay in the UK Partnership Working Partnership Engagement • Doesn't happen by accident..... • Vital to providing joined up support and approach to victim • On and off street support services • Building trust to work together and share information • Identifying gaps in service delivery and working together to plug them • Critical Friends Current good partnerships • Poppy • Salvation Army • Medaille Trust • Migrant Helpline • Rahab • Caritas • Stop the Traffik • International Organisation of Migration (IOM) • Women at the Well • Bishops’ Conference What’s next • Identification of current resources • Co-ordination • Specific partnership teams • International prevention • International strategies • Review of all legislation What can be achieved •Lithuanian 16 year old - trafficked to UK supported by Caritas when she returned home •Nigerian 16 year old supported by religious sisters having been removed back to Nigeria •Thai woman supported and assisted in employment by women rights group in Bangkok •Victim wrongly imprisoned released •Wrongful deportations prevented •Increased identification through education and awareness Partnerships •Can only work with your help •Evidence shows they work •We will help and support any victims – that’s a commitment •One person makes a difference •Those at this seminar are our current and future partners •One Request Today •Disseminate the free phone helpline