Syntia Santos, M.Ed.
Ph.D. Student
Counseling and Counselor Education
sdsantos@ncsu.edu
Individual Level:
“All individuals are, in some
respects, like no other individuals.”
Group Level:
“All individuals are, in some respects,
like some other individuals.”
Universal Level:
“All individuals are, in some respects,
like all other individual.”
(Sue & Sue,2003)
Adjustment and
adaptation
Honeymoon
Adjustment /
recovery
Preparation /
anxiety
Crisis /
cultural
shock
Reentry
shock
The W-Curve of Intercultural sojourning
Based on Oberg (1960)
Honeymoon
Adjustment and adaptation
Adjustment / recovery
Preparation /
anxiety
Crisis /cultural shock
Reentry
shock
The W-Curve of Intercultural sojourning
Based on Oberg (1960)
-
-
Preparation
Curiosity
Anxiety
Expectations
Doubts
Farewells
1.
Preparation (visa, paper work, flights,
housing, finances, registration).
2.
Information (procedures, steps,
regulations, checklists).
3.
Clear goals.
4.
Communication.
5.
Self evaluation.
6.
Open-minded attitude.
Adjustment and adaptation
Honeymoon
Adjustment / recovery
Preparation / anxiety
Crisis /cultural shock
Reentry shock
The W-Curve of Intercultural sojourning
Based on Oberg (1960)
-
Getting settled
- Fascination
- Curiosity
- Anxiety
- Confusion
- Change
1.
Language
2.
Locations
3.
Organization, regulations, procedures
4.
Social interactions
5.
Decision Making
Honeymoon
Adjustment and adaptation
Adjustment / recovery
Preparation /
anxiety
Crisis /cultural shock
Reentry
shock
The W-Curve of Intercultural sojourning
Based on Oberg (1960)
Homesick
- Academic challenges
- Confusion
- Loneliness
- Anxiety
- Negativity
-
1.
Social support
2.
Understanding
3.
Guidance
4.
Contact with family and friends
5.
Listening and learning
6.
Getting to know more about the University,
places, people, culture
7.
Getting involve
8.
Goals setting
Honeymoon
Adjustment and adaptation
Adjustment / recovery
Preparation /
anxiety
Crisis /cultural shock
Reentry
shock
The W-Curve of Intercultural sojourning
Based on Oberg (1960)
-
-
-
More stability
Better understanding
More energy and focus
Learning and better understanding
of self and new culture
-
Stability – familiarity
Satisfaction and personal growth
Honeymoon
Adjustment and adaptation
Adjustment / recovery
Preparation /
anxiety
Crisis /cultural shock
Reentry
shock
The W-Curve of Intercultural sojourning
Based on Oberg (1960)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Decision making
Changes
Paper work
Anxiety
Readjustment
Re-entry
Expectations
Honeymoon
Adjustment and adaptation
Adjustment / recovery
Preparation /
anxiety
Crisis /cultural shock
Reentry
shock
The W-Curve of Intercultural sojourning
Based on Oberg (1960)
1.
Information
2.
Evaluation
3.
Goal setting
4.
Readjustments
5.
Decision making
6.
Change and readiness
 Cultural
Shock
 Language
 Academics
 Family and friends
 Decision making
 Organization – living arrangements
 Social interactions
 Future planning
 Adjustment
Approachability
Visibility
Contact
Information
Resources
Guidance
Encouragement
Support
Feedback
Time
Self
Awareness (own biases,
attitudes and believes).
Knowledge
(exposure to cultures,
open mind, information).
Skills
(active listening, respect,
acceptance).
(Sue & Sue,2003)
Google images. Retrieved on April 13th 2011.
http://www.google.com/imghp.
McGoldrick, M. (1998). Re-Visioning family therapy: Race, culture
and gender in clinical practice. New York: The Guilford Press.
Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2003). Counseling the culturally diverse:
Theory and practice (4th ed). New York: John Wiley & sons.
Torres Rivera, E. (2005). Multicultural Counseling Class, Lecture
Notes.