Chapter 2
The English
Colonies
Section 1-The Southern Colonies -pg 36
1. Tell about
Jamestown
(2)
• Formed by an
English joint-stock
company called the
London Company
• Founded in presentday Virginia on April
26, 1607
2. Tell how • Men of Jamestown
lacked farming & useful
John
skills
to
survive
Smith
• Jamestown located
helped
Jamestown on a marsh full of
disease-carrying
to survive
mosquitoes
• Smith forced settlers
to work & to build
better housing
(3)
3. How did
Powhatan
Confederacy
help
Jamestown?
(3)
• Powhatan led by
Wahunsonacock,
father of
Pocahontas
• Brought food to
Jamestown
• Taught them to
grow corn
4. Explain • English colonists who
paid their own way to
headright
Virginia received 50
system
acres of land
• An additional 50
acres could be
earned for every
additional person
brought from England
(2)
5. Tell about • English colonists
indentured
who received a
servants
free trip to North
America by
agreeing to work
without pay for a
period of seven
years
(1)
6. Tell about • Nathaniel Bacon led
Jamestown colonists
Bacon’s
against governor of
Rebellion
Jamestown due to
his not taking care of
problems with some
Native Americans
• Bacon burned
Jamestown
(2)
•
England’s
Catholics
7. Tell
came to America to
about
escape religious
Maryland
persecution
• George Calvert
received a charter to
start a new colony,
Maryland, for Catholics
(2)
8. Tell about • The growing number of
Toleration Protestants moving to
Act of
Maryland began to have
1649
religious conflicts with
(2)
the Catholics
• Toleration Act made it a
crime to restrict religious
rights of Christians—1st
law passed in colonies to
support religious
tolerance
9. Tell about
North
Carolina
(2)
• Carolina started as
one colony, but was
later separated into
North and South
Carolina
• Most North
Carolina colonists
were just small
farmers
10.Tell about
South
Carolina
(1)
(1)
• Made up of
colonists who
could afford their
own way to
America, were
given large sums
of land, & often
brought over
African slaves
• Olgethorpe was granted
a charter to start Georgia
Georgia • Georgia was:
1--to shield rest of
11. Tell
about
(2)
British colonies from
Spanish Florida
2--a place for jailed
English debtors to
make a new start
12.? are
cash
crops?
(2)
• Southern colony
crops sold for profit
such as tobacco,
rice, & indigo
• South enjoyed long
growing season due
to warm climate
13. How did the • Enslaved
South deal with Africans
the large work
force that was
needed to grow
cash crops?
(1)
14. Tell about
Olaudah
Equiano
• Former slave
who recorded his
brutal
experiences as a
slave
15. ? were
the slave
codes?
(3)
• Southern colony
laws to control
slaves
• Colonists afraid
slaves would revolt
• Slaves could not
hold meetings or
own weapons
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Section 2-The New England Colonies pg 42
• Protestant group that
1. Who
were the wanted to purify, or
reform,
Anglican
Puritans?
Church
• Thought bishops &
priests had too much
power over church
members
(2)
2. Who
were the
Pilgrims?
(3)
• Separatist group that
left England to escape
persecution
• Moved to Netherlands
then later to America on
the Mayflower in 1620
as a joint stock
company
• They were immigrants
3. ? are
immigrants?
(1)
• People who
have left the
country of their
birth to live in
another
country
•
Pilgrims
landed
north
4. ? was
of their granted charter
Mayflower
at Plymouth Rock
Compact?
(3)
• Decide to establish
their own laws
• Legal contract in
which they agreed to
have fair laws to
protect the general
good
5. Who were • Indians who helped
Samoset & the Pilgrims
Squanto
• Squanto taught
Pilgrims to fertilize
using fish remains &
establish relations
with local Indians
(2)
6. ? was the • Due to England’s
Great
economic, political,
Migration? & religious
problems,
thousands of
English left England
for English colonies
• Massachusetts Bay
Company formed
(16)
• Charter given to
Puritans
to
settle
Massachusetts
New England
Bay Company
7. Tell about
(3)
• Led by John
Winthrop
• Believed they had a
covenant or promise
with God to build an
ideal Christian
community
8. Which New
England
Puritan colony
did Thomas
Hooker start?
(2)
• Connecticut
• Allowed men
who were not
church
members to
vote
9. ? Puritan
• Providence
colony did
that later
Roger Williams
became Rhode
form?
Island
• Supported the
separation of
church from
state in making
laws
(2)
10. Who was • Considered a radical for
speaking publicly about
Anne
Hutchinson? her religious ideas
(5)
• Felt people’s relationship
with God did not need
guidance from ministers
• Put on trial for her ideas
• Forced from colony
• Helped found Portsmouth
which later became part of
Rhode Island
11. Since the
New England
soil & weather
was not good
for farming, ?
was their
economy
dependent
upon?
(4)
•
•
•
•
Merchant trade
Fishing
Shipbuilding
Skilled
craftspeople
• Parents wanted
12. Why was
their children to
education
be able to read
important in
New England? the Bible
• To be sure future
generations
would have
educated
ministers
(2)
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Section 3-The Middle Colonies -pg 49
1. Tell about
New
Netherland
(4)
• Founded by Dutch
• New Amersterdam, a
town, became the fur
trading post of New
Netherland
• Generous land grants
& religious tolerance
• Led by Peter
Stuyvesant
2. How did New • English fleet
York City come
captured New
about?
Amsterdam
without a fight
• New
Amsterdam
renamed New
York City
(2)
3. Tell
about
Quakers
(4)
• Aka Society of Friends
• Made up one of largest
religious groups in New
Jersey
• Did not follow formal
religious practices &
dressed plainly
• Believed in equality of men
& women, nonviolence, &
religious tolerance for all
4. Tell about • A Quaker who
William
founded a safe
Penn
home or colony,
Pennsylvania, for
Quakers, who were
persecuted in both
England & America
(1)
5. ? kind of
• Representative
government
selfdid William
government--Penn set up in a government
Pennsylvania? that reflects its
citizens’ will
using an elected
assembly
(1)
6. Tell about
• Good climate &
staple crops rich land allowed
in the Middle
farmers to grow
Colonies
large amounts of
crops that are
always needed
such as wheat,
barley, & oats
(1)
7. Describe • Ran farms &
businesses: farms,
role of
clothing, grocery,
women
throughout bakery, drugstore
• Some practiced
colonies
medicine, nursing,
midwives
• Colonial laws limited
women’s economic
opportunities
(3)
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Section 4-Life in the English Colonies pg 54
1. Who had
ultimate
authority
over all of
the
colonies?
(2)
• The English
monarch
• A group of royal
advisers called the
Privy Council set
English colonial
policies
2. Contrast
• Royal: English king
royal vs
or queen selected
proprietary
governor & council
colonies
members
• Proprietary:
proprietors chose all
of these officials
(2)
3. Explain
assemblies
(1)
• Some colonies
elected
representatives
to help make
laws and set
policy-----these
officials served
on assemblies
4. Explain
• Made up of 2 houses:
Virginia’s
---1st house known as
colonial
the Council of State
legislature selected by governor
& London Company
---2nd house known as
House of Burgesses
elected by colonists
(2)
5. Explain the • Center of politics in
New England
town
colonies
meeting
• People talked
about & decided
on issues of local
interest, such as
paying for schools
(2)
Different Forms of Colonial Government
• Monarch ****** ultimate authority over all
English colonies
• Privy Council
***royal advisors; set English
colonial policies
• Governors
***appointed by crown, or
proprietors, or elected by
people
• Assemblies
***elected representatives
• Town Meetings ***center of New England
politics
• Courts ****provided control over local
affairs;protected individual
freedoms
6. Tell
• Parliament replaced
about
the unpopular King
English James during the
Bill of
Glorious Revolution
Rights • Parliament then passed
this act/law that reduced
the powers of the
English monarch giving
Parliament more power
(2)
7. Explain
• System of creating
mercantilism & maintaining
(2)
wealth through
carefully controlled
trade
• One of England’s
main reasons for
controlling the
colonies was to earn
money from trade
8. How did
• Navigation Acts
England plan
to control trade
over the
colonies?
(1)
9. Explain the • Forbid colonists from
Navigation
trading with any other
Acts (3)
country except
England
• Colonists could only
use English ships to
transport goods
• All trade goods had to
pass through English
ports
10. Explain • System in which
goods & slaves were
triangular
traded among the
trade
Americas, Britain, &
Africa
(1)
11. Explain the • Name given to
Middle
terrifying slave
Passage (1)
voyage & trade
that brought
millions of
Africans across
the Atlantic
Ocean to
America
12. Explain
• Religious movement
Great
that swept through
Awakening
colonies in 1730’s-40’s
(3)
• Ministers held revival,
emotional gatherings,
for people to hear
sermons
• Affected social &
political life in
colonies
13. Who was
Jonathan
Edwards?
(2)
• One of the most
important leaders
of the Great
Awakening
• told sinners to
seek forgiveness
for their sins or
face punishment in
Hell forever
14. Who was • Great Awakening
George
minister
Whitefield? • Emphasized
personal religious
experiences over
official church rules
(2)
15. Did the • It drew people of
Great
different regions,
Awakening classes, & races
practice
• Women, minority
equality for groups, & the poor
all?
took part in services
• Ministers from
different colonies
shared ideas
(3)
• Sermons were about
16. How did
spiritual equality for all
the Great
people leading
Awakening
colonists to begin
affect future
government? demanding more
(3)
political equality
• Revivals became
popular places to talk
about political & social
issues
• Democratic ideas &
systems were shared
17. Explain the
• After Europe’s
Enlightenment Scientific Revolution
(4)
came the
Enlightenment:
• 1--Idea that
reason and logic
could improve
society & how
government
should work
• 2—believed in a social contract
between government & citizens
• 3—it was thought that people
had natural rights such as
equality & liberty
• 4—ideas of Scientific Revolution
& Enlightenment influenced
colonial leaders
18. Tell about • Wampanoag Indian
King
leader, Metacomet,
Philip’s
aka King Philip, was
War (1)
against colonists
taking his people’s
land which led to a
war bx colonists &
Indians
19. Why did
American
Indians trust
French more
than the
English?
(1)
• French were
less
threatening &
respected
Indian way of
life
20. Explain • Britain & France go to
French & war for control of
Indian War North America
• George Washington
built Fort Necessity in
Ohio Valley, but had
to surrender to
French starting
French & Indian War
21. Explain • Officially ended
French & Indian War
Treaty of
• Terms of treaty gave
Paris
Canada, land east of
Mississippi, & Florida
to Britain
• Colonists now began
to move westward to
new lands
(3)
22. Explain • Chief Pontiac, an
Pontiac’s
Indian leader, led
Rebellion
attacks against
colonists as they
tried to settle on
Indian land
(1)
• Britain feared more
23. Explain
Proclamation fighting with Indians if
colonists
continued
to
of 1763
(2)
move westward
• King George III
issued a law
banning any British
settlement west of
Appalachian
Mountains
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Section 5-Conflicts in the Colonies -pg
64
•
Parliament
had
to
1. Why did
pay for the French &
Prime Minister
Indian War
George
•
Britain
had
to
pay
Grenville have
for
the
army
in
the
Parliament
colonies
that
was
pass the
protecting
the
Sugar Act on
colonists
from
the colonies?
Indian attacks
(2)
2. ? did the
Sugar Act tax?
(1)
• Molasses &
sugar imported
by colonists
• Slogan in
3. ? was
colonies
“Taxation
• Parliament upset
without
Representation”? colonists passing
(3)
a tax without
their consent
• Colonists had no
direct
representation in
Parliament
4. Tell about • Founded the
Samuel
Committee of
Adams
Correspondence
for colonies to
share ideas &
information against
Parliament
(1)
5. Explain
“boycott”
(2)
• Method of protest in
which colonists
refuse to buy British
goods
• Colonists hoped their
boycott efforts would
hurt British economy
enough for
Parliament to end
new taxing
6. Tell about
Stamp Act
(2)
• Parliament under
Prime Minister
Grenville, required
colonists to pay for
an official stamp, or
seal, when they
bought paper items
• Colonists protested
this tax
7. Tell about • Sam Adams formed
Sons of
this secret society
Liberty
among colonists
• Sometimes used
violence
• Organized as a
result of discontent
about Stamp Act
(3)
8. Tell about • Colonists’ boycott of
Declaratory British goods was effective
Act that • Parliament repealed
was not a Stamp Act
tax (3)
• Upset about the repeal,
Parliament passed
Declaratory Act to let
colonies know Parliament
had the power to make
laws for the colonies “in all
cases whatsoever”.
9. Tell about • Another tax passed
Townshend by Parliament
Act
• Taxed glass, lead,
paints, paper, & tea
• Colonists respond
with another boycott
• Britain responds by
sending soldiers to
Boston
(4)
10. Tell about • March 5, 1770
Boston
• British soldiers fire
Massacre
into a taunting
Boston crowd
killing 3 colonists
• Propaganda used
to build anger
against British
(3)
11. Tell
about
Tea Act
(2)
• Parliament allows
British East India
Company to sell tea
directly to colonists
reducing price of tea
• Angers colonists
because this allowed a
company a monopoly
on tea market
• 3 British tea ships
Boston Tea arrive in Boston
Party
Harbor from British
East India Company
• Sons of Liberty
board & dump the
tea into the harbor
during the night
• Bostonians watch &
cheer
12. Tell about
(3)
13. Tell about • New Prime Minister,
Intolerable
Lord North, furious
Acts
about Boston Tea
Party
• Parliament punishes
Boston by passing
the Coercive Acts
which the colonists
refer to as the
Intolerable Acts
(2)
14. ? was
•
included in the
Coercive aka •
Intolerable Acts
that increased
colonial anger
at Britain? (4)
•
Boston Harbor closed
until tea paid for
Governor of
Massachusetts would
decide when
legislature would meet
Royal officials accused
of any crimes would
be tried in Britain
• Gen. Gage made new
Mass. governor
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