Power Presentations
CHAPTER 13
Expansion
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The year is 1844, and you live on a small rocky
farm is Massachusetts. Your family had decided to
move to Oregon to gain cheap, fertile land. Your
father says this move will make your family better
off—and give you a brighter future.
What might you gain
and lose by going west?
• What do you think daily life on the trail
west might be like?
• What might be the greatest obstacles
that you face?
1821 Stephen Austin settles in Texas.
1824 Jedediah Smith finds South Pass.
1836 Texas declares independence.
Battle of the Alamo fought.
Republic of Texas established.
1844 James Polk is elected president.
1846 War with Mexico begins.
1847 Mormons migrate to Utah.
1848 War with Mexico ends.
1849 California gold rush begins.
To World
1853 United States makes Gadsden Purchase.
1815 Napoleon defeated at Waterloo.
1821 Mexico gains independence from Spain.
1839 Opium War fought in China.
Back to U.S.
1847 Liberia, established by a former
American slave, proclaimed an
independent nation.
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Main Idea
Thousands of settlers followed trails
through the West to gain land and a
chance to make a fortune.
Why It Matters Now
This migration brought Americans to the
territories that became New Mexico, Oregon,
and Utah.
Map
What were characteristics of each trail west?
TRAILS WEST
Mormon Trail:
followed Oregon
Trail to Utah; taken
by Mormons
Oregon Trail:
from Missouri to
Oregon Territory;
people went for
land
Santa Fe Trail:
from Missouri to
Santa Fe, New
Mexico; attracted
many traders
• How did the mountain men open
up the West for later settlement?
• What are two examples of pioneer groups
who used cooperation to overcome hardship?
• What were the different motives
that drew people west?
Drawing Conclusions
Of all the hardships faced by the people
who went west, what do you think was the
worst? Explain.
Think About
• the mountain men
• William Becknell
• the Sagers
• the Mormons
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Main Idea
American and Tejano citizens led
Texas to independence from Mexico.
Why It Matters Now
The diverse culture of Texas has
developed from the contributions of
many different groups.
What events led to Texas’s independence?
In what order did they occur?
Changes in
Mexican policy
toward Americans
Imprisonment
of Austin
Battle at Gonzales,
Battle of the Alamo,
or Battle of San Jacinto
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TEXAN
INDEPENDENCE
• Why did Americans want to move to Texas?
• How did the Mexican government respond to
the Texas rebellion?
• Why did Congress refuse to annex Texas?
Recognizing Effects
How did losing the Battle of the Alamo
help the Texans win their independence?
Think About
• the Texans’ and Americans’ shock over the loss
of the battle to the Mexicans
• the need to recruit more forces to fight with the
Texas army
Back to Home
Main Idea
The United States expanded its
territory westward to stretch from the
Atlantic to Pacific coast.
Why It Matters Now
Today, one-third of all Americans live in the
areas added to the United States in 1848.
Map
What key events occurred between
1846 and 1848 in the War with Mexico?
Attack at the
Rio Grande
Bear Flag
Revolt
Battle of
Veracruz
1846
1848
Fall of New
Mexico
Battle of
Buena Vista
Battle of
Chapultepec
• How did the acquisitions of Oregon and
the Mexican Cession relate to the idea of
manifest destiny?
• Why were some people opposed
to the War with Mexico?
• What does the phrase
“sea to shining sea” mean?
Comparing
Compare the different ways land was
acquired by the United States in the period
of manifest destiny from 1844 to 1853.
Think About
• the acquisition of the Oregon territory
• lands in the Southwest
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Main Idea
Gold was found in California, and thousands
rushed to that territory. California quickly
became a state.
Why It Matters Now
The gold rush made California grow
rapidly and helped bring about California’s
cultural diversity.
What hardships did the forty-niners
face both in the camps and while mining?
HARDSHIPS
IN THE CAMPS
WHILE MINING
• poor food
• disease
• swindlers and crooks
• cold streams
• accidents
• exhaustion
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• How did the California
gold rush get started?
• Why didn’t many
forty-niners become rich?
• How did California’s
statehood affect the nation?
Recognizing Effects
What were some of the effects
of the California gold rush?
Think About
• changes in San Francisco
• California’s bid for statehood
Back to Home
REVIEW QUESTIONS
ANSWERS: READ AND TAKE NOTES
1 What were three reasons why people moved west?
2 What were the three main trails that led to the West?
3 How did the Mormons make the land in Utah
productive?
4 Why were Texans unhappy with Mexican rule?
5 Why were the battles of the Alamo and San Jacinto
important to the Texas Revolution?
6 What areas did the United States gain as a result of
Americans’ belief in manifest destiny?
7 How is the Bear Flag Revolt related to the War with
Mexico?
8 What lands did the United States acquire as a result of
the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
9 Who were four groups of people who became
forty-niners?
10 What were three ways California changed because of
the gold rush?
Categorizing
Types of people
who traveled there
Why they
went there
Key events that
brought the territory
into the United States
NEW MEXICO
farmers and traders
land or profit
War with Mexico
UTAH
Mormons
religious freedom
War with Mexico
OREGON
farmers and traders
land or profit
agreement with Britain
TEXAS
farmers and ranchers
land
Texas Revolution
CALIFORNIA
miners and traders
land or profit
War with Mexico
Back to Home
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