China Rejects European
Outreach
THE MING DYNASTY(1368-1644)
 By the time Portugal landed on China
in 1514, China was the dominant
power in the region.
 In recognition of China’s power,
vassal states paid a tribute or
payment to China. They did this to
show they were beneath China.
 China expected the Europeans to pay
a tribute too.
THE RISE OF THE MING
 Hongwu, the son of a peasant, led the
Chinese to push the Mongols out of
China in 1368. He became the first
Emperor of the MING Dynasty.
 He tried to rebuild China through
agricultural reforms(
rice
production and improve irrigation)
Hongwu
 1.He used respected traditions and
institutions to bring stability to China.
 2. He improved imperial administration by
having merit based civil service
examination system.
 3. He eventually became a tyrant—he
believed everyone was plotting against
him-which made him meaner.
 He dies and his son Yonglo takes over. He
moves the royal court to Beijing. He
pushed exploration.
ZHENG HE
 He was the admiral who led the Chinese expeditions.
He initially went to Southeast Asia and India. Later
he went to Arabia and Eastern Africa.
 He was able to accomplish Yonglo’s goal of impressing
the world with the power and splendor of the Ming
Dynasty.
 Everywhere Zheng went he brought gifts to show how
superior the Chinese were.
 16 countries sent tributes to China as a result of these
journeys.
 Chinese scholars thought the trips were a waste of
money---so they put a stop to them. The last voyage
was in 1433.
Ming Relations with Foreign
Countries
 China wanted to keep foreigners out; therefore, only
the government was allowed to trade. “Closed Door”
Policy
 The Chinese were profiting from interest in their
goods---but it didn’t want to invest it’s money in
industrialization for 2 reasons:
1. Offended Confucian Beliefs—merchants made their
money by supporting foreigners and robbery
(smuggling).
2. The culture favored agriculture
Missionaries brought Christianity with them to China—
Many educated Chinese people were against
Christianity being introduced.
The Qing Dynasty
 As time went on the Ming Dynasty
began to weaken. This left it open for
invasion by the Manchus—who took
over Beijing.
 The Manchus took a Chinese name for
their dynasty—Quing. They ruled for
260 years.
China under the Qing Dynasty
 Initially the Qing were not welcomed into
China. The Qing made the men wear their
hair in ponytails as a sign of submission.
Eventually, as time went on the Qing
became more accepted.
 They supported China’s traditional
Confucian beliefs and social structures.
They made the country safer and richer.
The first Qing Emperor
 Kangxi became emperor in 1661 and
he ruled for 60 years. He lowered
government expenses and taxes.
Manchus Policy of Isolation
 The Chinese believed that if Europeans
wanted to trade with them they would have
to follow Chinese traditions and beliefs.
KOWTOW=
 The Dutch accepted the beliefs and paid
tribute to China. This opened up trade to
China for the Dutch. Items like porcelain
and silk were sought after from China. The
most important traded item introduced was
TEA.
 Great Britain wanted to trade with the
Chinese too, but they weren’t willing
to obey the traditions of the Chinese.
They request to trade was denied.
Korea under the Manchus
 The Manchu’s had conquered Korea
and they made Korea the “little
brother” of China.
 The Koreans had a strong feeling of
nationalism and they showed their
interest in themselves through
artwork.
Daily Life—Family and Women
 Most Chinese people farmed. The
Europeans had introduced new crops-sweet
potatoes and corn. This led for increased
food production (irrigation system) and
better diets.
 Women were treated as being below men—
they were responsible for educating the
youth and for managing finances. Also, foot
binding occurred which showed the
mistreatment of women.
Lily Feet/Foot Binding
CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS
 China was based on tradition and
culturally it was very conservative.
They used traditional styles in art and
often portrayed cultural heroes in
their work
Japan Limits Western Contact
 In 1467, a civil war shattered Japan. It’s
entire government system (feudalism fell
apart).
 Powerful Samurai took control of former
feudal states. The peasants paid a fee to
be protected by these daimyo.
 The country was ruled by these daimyo and
the emperor was a figure head.
New Leaders Restore Order
 Oda Nobunaga, a daimyo, defeated the
other daimyos and took the capital of Kyoto
in 1568.
 Using firearms(guns) Nobunaga was able to
fight off all of his competition. However, he
killed himself when one of his generals
turned on him.
 His general, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, fought off
any remaining daimyo. By 1590 he
controlled the country through the use of
allies. He invaded Korea in 1592 and
fought the Koreans until his death.
Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan
 Tokugawa Ieyasu defeated his rival
daimayo and he earned the respect of
the other daimayo. After 3 years,
Tokugawa was able to become the
only Shogun or leader of Japan. He
moved the capital to Edo—the
modern day location of Tokyo.
 Tokyo Became one of the largest
cities in the word
 There were many cultural
developments Theater- Kabuki
 Haiku Poetry- 5-7-5 syllable 3 line
verse
Contact with Europe and Japan
 The Portuguese were the first to trade with Japan
 They brought firearms, clocks, eyeglasses and
tobacco
 The Japanese warriors were very interested in
firearms which outdated the traditional samurai
sword.
 Eventually the gun and cannon changed Japan-forcing
Daimyo to build fortified castles.
 Missionaries came to Japan to spread Christianity- At
first welcomed eventually religious rebellion caused
Tokugawa Ieyasu banned Christianity and eliminated
it in Japan
 By 1639 Japan had instituted a “Closed Door” PolicyOnly the Dutch and the Chinese were allowed to trade
and only in the port of Nagasaki
Chapter 3- Sections 2 & 3- China Rejects European
Outreach/Japan Limits Western Contacts
 Read pages 89-97 in the textbook and complete the
following:
 Section 2- Make a chart comparing the Ming and Qing
Dynasty: include in your chart the dates the dynasty
lasted, the key leaders, their accomplishments, foreign
policy and Cultural developments.
 Section 3 Make a diagram similar to the one on page 95 to
show the social structure in Japanese society.
 Make a chart similar to the one on page 97 to show
the accomplishments of each of the major daimyosmake sure you include the dates they ruled.