Chapter Introduction
Section 1: The Politics of the
1920s
Section 2: A Growing Economy
Section 3: A Clash of Values
Section 4: Cultural Innovations
Section 5: African American
Culture
Visual Summary
Why Does Culture
Change?
In the 1920s, technology spurred
economic growth and cultural
change. Although not everyone
approved, young people adopted
new styles of dress, listened to jazz
music, and had more
independence than earlier
generations.
• What technologies changed life in
the 1920s?
• How do you think the invention of
radio and movies changed
popular culture?
The Politics of the
1920s
Why did the American
people want life to return to
the way it was before World
War I?
A Growing Economy
How did new industries
contribute to economic
growth?
A Clash of Values
Why did the modern culture
of the 1920s cause some
people to think that
traditional society and
morality were under
attack?
Cultural Innovations
How did popular culture,
the arts, and literature
change in the 1920s?
African American
Culture
How did African Americans
affect American society in
the 1920s?
Big Ideas
Economics and Society Government policies helped
create prosperity in the 1920s.
Content Vocabulary
• supply-side economics
• isolationism
• cooperative individualism
Academic Vocabulary
• investigation
• revelation
People and Events to Identify
• Teapot Dome
• Charles G. Dawes
• Charles Evans Hughes
• Kellogg-Briand Pact
Are there any political scandals that
have occurred during your lifetime?
A. Yes
B. No
A. A
B. B
0%
A
0%
B
The Harding Administration
President Harding staffed his
administration with political friends
from Ohio; his presidency was marred
by many scandals.
The Harding Administration (cont.)
• People applauded when the open,
easygoing atmosphere of the Harding
administration replaced the quiet gloom of
President Wilson’s last years.
• Harding made several distinguished
appointments to the cabinet, as well as
some disastrous ones.
– He gave many cabinet posts and highlevel jobs to friends and political allies
from Ohio.
The Harding Administration (cont.)
– Some members used their positions to sell
government jobs, pardons, and protection
from prosecution.
• Shortly after Harding died on August 2,
1923, news of the Forbes scandal broke.
– The most famous scandal was known as
the Teapot Dome.
– Another Harding administration scandal
involved Attorney General Harry
Daugherty.
The Harding Administration (cont.)
• Calvin Coolidge became president after
Harding died.
– He believed that prosperity rested on
business leadership and that part of his
job as president was to make sure that
government interfered with business and
industry as little as possible.
– He easily won the Republican nomination
for president in 1924.
Which scandal involved the selling of
scarce medical supplies from
veteran’s hospitals?
A. The Forbes scandal
0%
C
A
C. The Harry Daugherty
scandal
B
A. A
B. B
C.0%C
0%
B. The Teapot dome
Policies of Prosperity
During the 1920s, the government cut
taxes and spending to encourage
economic growth.
Policies of Prosperity (cont.)
• Both Andrew Mellon and Herbert Hoover
were responsible for policies that contributed
to the economic growth and prosperity of the
1920s.
• When Mellon took office, he had three major
goals:
– Balance the budget
– Reduce the government’s debt
– Cut taxes
Coolidge and Prosperity
Policies of Prosperity (cont.)
• In 1921, Mellon convinced Congress to
create both the Bureau of the Budget and
the General Accounting Office.
• Mellon’s ideas about taxes are known today
as supply-side economics, or “trickledown” economics.
Policies of Prosperity (cont.)
• Hoover tried to balance government
regulation with his own philosophy of
cooperative individualism.
– He believed this system would reduce
costs and promote economic efficiency.
• To assist business, Hoover directed the
Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce
to find new markets for companies.
– He also established the Bureau of Aviation
and the Federal Radio Commission.
Under Mellon’s leadership, the federal
budget fell by approximately how much?
A. $1 billion
B. $3 billion
C. $10 billion
D. $15 billion
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Trade and Arms Control
During the 1920s, the United States
tried to promote peace and stability
through economic policies and arms
control agreements.
Trade and Arms Control (cont.)
• By the 1920s, the United States was the
dominant economic power in the world.
• The majority of Americans—tired of being
entangled in the baffling, hostile, and
dangerous politics of Europe—favored
isolationism.
• Instead of relying on armed force and the
collective security of the League of Nations,
the U.S. tried to promote peace by using
economic policies and arms control
agreements.
Trade and Arms Control (cont.)
• It was vital for the United States that
European economies be healthy so that the
Europeans could buy American exports and
repay their debts.
– In 1924, American diplomat Charles G.
Dawes negotiated an agreement with
France, Britain, and Germany by which
American banks would make loans to
Germany that would enable it to make
reparations payments.
Trade and Arms Control (cont.)
• To end the weapons race, the U.S. invited
representatives from eight major countries to
Washington, D.C., to discuss disarmament.
– In his address to the delegates, Secretary
of State Charles Evans Hughes proposed
a 10-year moratorium on the construction
of new warships.
– He also proposed a list of warships in
each country’s navy to be destroyed.
The Washington Conference,
November 1921–February 1922
Trade and Arms Control (cont.)
• The discussions that followed produced the
Five-Power Naval Limitation Treaty.
• On August 27, 1928, the U.S. and 14 other
nations signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact.
After World War I, was the United
States a debtor nation or a nation that
was owed money from other
countries?
A. Debtor nation
A. A
B. B
A
0%
0%
B
B. Owed money
Big Ideas
Economics and Society The United States experienced
stunning economic growth during the 1920s.
Content Vocabulary
• mass production • welfare capitalism
• assembly line
• open shop
• Model T
Academic Vocabulary
• disposable
• credit
People and Events to Identify
• Charles Lindbergh
In general, does the availability of
credit help or harm an individual?
A. Help
B. Harm
A. A
B. B
0%
A
0%
B
The Rise of New Industries
Mass production and the assembly line
allowed new industries, such as
automobile and airplane
manufacturing, to grow.
The Rise of New Industries (cont.)
• The automobile was just one part of a rising
standard of living that Americans
experienced in the 1920s.
– Cars revolutionized American life.
• Changes, such as the 8-hour work week,
took place because mass production
increased supply and reduced costs.
The Rise of New Industries (cont.)
• First adopted by carmaker Henry Ford, the
moving assembly line divided operations
into simple tasks and cut unnecessary
motion to a minimum.
– Ford’s assembly-line product was the
Model T.
– His business philosophy was: lower the
cost per car and thereby increase the
volume of sales.
The Rise of New Industries (cont.)
• By the mid-1920s, other car manufacturers,
notably General Motors and Chrysler,
competed successfully with Ford.
• Ford built up workers’ loyalty by doubling
their pay and reducing the workday to eighthour shifts.
The Rise of New Industries (cont.)
• In response to rising disposable income,
many other new goods came on the market.
– Products for the home, as well as those that
were focused on fashion and youthful
appearance, were popular.
• After Wilbur and Orville Wright made the first
manned, powered flight in history in 1903, the
aviation industry began developing rapidly.
– Leading the way was American inventor
Glenn Curtiss, inventor of the aileron.
The Rise of New Industries (cont.)
• After Curtiss and other entrepreneurs started
building practical aircraft, the federal
government began to support the airline
industry.
– President Wilson’s postmaster general
introduced the world’s first regular airmail
service in 1918.
The Rise of New Industries (cont.)
• The Kelly Act and the Air Commerce Act also
helped the aviation industry.
– Former airmail pilot Charles Lindbergh
made an amazing transatlantic solo flight
in 1927.
• In 1913, Edwin Armstrong, an American
engineer, invented a special circuit that made
it practical to transmit sound via long-range
radio.
– The radio industry began a few years later.
The Rise of New Industries (cont.)
• In 1926, the National Broadcasting Company
(NBC) set up network stations to broadcast
daily radio programs.
– In 1928, the Columbia Broadcasting
System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast
network of stations to rival NBC.
By the end of 1928, how many airlines
existed?
A. 2
B. 24
C. 48
D. 100
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
The Consumer Society
Consumer credit and advertising
helped to create a nation of consumers.
The Consumer Society (cont.)
• One notable aspect of the economic boom
was the growth of individual borrowing, or
credit.
• To attract consumers, manufacturers turned
to advertising, another booming industry in
the 1920s.
Growth of Consumer Debt, 1920–1933
The Consumer Society (cont.)
• By the early 1920s, many industries had
begun to create modern organizational
structures.
– The managerial revolution in companies
created a new career—the professional
manager.
• Due to rising wages and welfare capitalism,
industrial workers were also members of the
new consumer society.
The Consumer Society (cont.)
• During the 1920s, unions lost both influence
and membership.
– Employers promoted the open shop.
• Many people were left out of the economic
boom, such as:
– African Americans
– Native Americans
Prosperity for Whom?
The Consumer Society (cont.)
– new immigrants
– people in the Deep South
How did the managerial revolution add to the
nation’s prosperity?
A. It allowed companies to
produce more products.
D. It allowed the executives more
time to create new products.
0%
D
A
B0%
C
D
C
0%
A
C. It increased the size
of the middle class.
A.
0%
B.
C.
D.
B
B. It increased the size
of the lower class.
The Farm Crisis
Increases in farm productivity
and decreases in foreign markets
led to lower prices for farmers.
The Farm Crisis (cont.)
• American farmers did not share in the
prosperity of the 1920s.
• Many factors contributed to this “quiet
depression” in American agriculture:
– During the war, the government had urged
farmers to produce more to meet the great
need for food supplies in Europe.
The Farm Crisis (cont.)
– After the war, European farm output rose,
and the debt-ridden countries of Europe
had little money to spend on American
farm products.
– Congress unintentionally made matters
worse when it passed the FordneyMcCumber Act of 1922, which dramatically
raised tariffs.
The Farm Crisis (cont.)
• Some members of Congress tried to help the
farmers sell their surplus by proposing the
McNary-Haugen Bill.
– President Coolidge vetoed it twice
because he feared that farmers would
produce more surpluses.
On average, the American farmer
earned how much less than rest of
the economy?
A. One-fourth
B. One-third
C. One-half
0%
A
A. A
B. B
C.0%C
B
0%
C
Big Ideas
Past and Present The struggles of the 1920s
regarding immigration and proper behavior continue to
affect current events.
Content Vocabulary
• nativism
• evolution
• anarchist
• creationism
• speakeasy
Academic Vocabulary
• source
• deny
People and Events to Identify
• Emergency Quota Act
• National Origins Act
• Fundamentalism
Should the United States limit the
amount of immigrants that enter the
country every year?
A. Yes
B. No
A. A
B. B
0%
A
0%
B
Nativism Resurges
Nativism and racism increased in the
1920s and led to changes in
immigration laws.
Nativism Resurges (cont.)
• The fear and prejudice that many felt toward
Germans and communists during and after
World War I expanded to include all
immigrants.
– This triggered a general rise in racism and
nativism.
• Many Americans reacted to the bombings,
strikes, and recession of the postwar years
by blaming immigrants.
European Immigration, 1900–1924
Nativism Resurges (cont.)
• The controversial Sacco-Vanzetti case
reflected the prejudices and fears of the era.
– After two men robbed and murdered two
employees of a shoe factory, Nicola Sacco
and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were arrested.
– The newspapers revealed that the two men
were anarchists.
– The murder evidence was questionable,
but the two men were executed.
European Immigration, 1900–1924
Nativism Resurges (cont.)
• William J. Simmons founded the new Ku
Klux Klan in Georgia, in 1915.
– The Klan began to decline in the late
1920s, however, as a result of scandals
and power struggles between its leaders.
• American immigration policies changed in
response to the postwar recession and
nativist pleas to “Keep America American.”
– In 1921, President Harding signed the
Emergency Quota Act.
Nativism Resurges (cont.)
– In 1924, the National Origins Act made
immigration restriction a permanent policy.
• Mexican immigrants were able to fill the
need for cheap labor because the National
Origins Act of 1924 exempted natives of the
Western Hemisphere from the quota system.
The Klan targeted which of the
following groups?
A. African Americans
B. Catholics
C. Jews
D. Groups said to be
“un-American”
E. All of the above
0%
A
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
0%
E.0% E0%
B
C
D
0%
E
A Clash of Cultures
Supporters of the new morality in the
1920s clashed with those who
supported more traditional values.
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
• Challenging traditional ways of behaving, the
new morality glorified youth and personal
freedom and changed American society.
• Having won the right to vote in 1920, many
women sought to break free of the traditional
roles and behaviors that were expected of
them.
– Attitudes toward marriage changed
considerably.
Women Earning College Degrees
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
• The following elements played a role in the
new morality:
– Freudian psychology
– the automobile
– women in the workforce
– fashion
– women in college
Women Earning College Degrees
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
• Many professional women made major
contributions in science, medicine, law, and
literature in the 1920s.
• Public health nurse Margaret Sanger
founded the American Birth Control League
in 1921 to promote knowledge about birth
control.
Women Earning College Degrees
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
• While many Americans embraced the new
morality, others feared that the country was
losing its traditional values.
– Many of these people, especially in rural
towns, responded by joining a religious
movement known as Fundamentalism.
• Fundamentalists believed that the Bible was
literally true and without error.
– In particular, they rejected Charles
Darwin’s theory of evolution.
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
– Instead, they believed in creationism.
• In 1925, Tennessee outlawed any teaching
that denied “the story of the Divine Creation
of man as taught in the Bible,” or taught that
“man descended from a lower order of
animals.”
– The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
advertised for a teacher willing to be
arrested for teaching evolution.
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
– John T. Scopes was found guilty and fined
$100.
– The conviction was later overturned on a
technicality.
• People supported the prohibition of alcohol
sales for many reasons—some for religious
reasons; others thought it would reduce
unemployment, domestic violence, and
poverty.
Murder Rate, 1920–1940
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
• Prohibition supporters achieved their goal
when the Eighteenth Amendment was
ratified in January of 1920.
– Congress passed the Volstead Act,
making the U.S. Treasury Department
responsible for enforcing Prohibition.
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
• The Treasury Department struggled to
enforce Prohibition.
– People flocked to speakeasies.
– Bootlegging was common in rural areas.
– Organized crime, led by people such as Al
Capone, thrived on the illegal trade of
alcohol.
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
• The Twenty-first Amendment, ratified in
1933, repealed the Eighteenth Amendment
and ended Prohibition.
In the fashion world, which type of
woman personified the changes of
the time?
A. A judge
B. A flapper
C. A housewife
D. A mother
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Big Ideas
Culture and Beliefs Through sharing in the arts and
sports of the time, Americans embraced new ways of
thinking.
Content Vocabulary
• bohemian
• mass media
Academic Vocabulary
• diverse
• unify
People and Events to Identify
• Carl Sandburg
• Willa Cather
• Ernest Hemingway
• F. Scott Fitzgerald
• Edith Wharton
Do the arts play a large role in reflecting
American history and culture?
A. Yes
B. No
A. A
B. B
0%
A
0%
B
Arts and Literature
New York City’s Greenwich Village and
Chicago’s South Side became known
as centers for new artistic work.
Arts and Literature (cont.)
• During the 1920s, American artists and
writers challenged traditional ideas.
– The artistic and bohemian lifestyle of
Manhattan’s Greenwich Village and
Chicago’s South Side allowed young
artists, musicians, and writers greater
freedom to express themselves.
Arts and Literature (cont.)
• European art movements greatly influenced
the modernists of American art.
– Perhaps most striking was the diverse
range of artistic styles, each attempting to
express the individual, modern experience.
Arts and Literature (cont.)
• Some famous artists from this time period
included:
– John Marin
– Charles Scheeler
– Edward Hopper
– Georgia O’Keeffe
Arts and Literature (cont.)
• Poets and writers of the 1920s varied greatly
in their styles and subject matter.
• Some famous poets and writers:
– Carl Sandburg
– Willa Cather
– Edna St. Vincent Millay
– Gertrude Stein
– Ezra Pound
Arts and Literature (cont.)
– Amy Lowell
– William Carlos Williams
– T.S. Eliot
– Eugene O’Neill
– Sinclair Lewis
– F. Scott Fitzgerald
– Edith Wharton
Arts and Literature (cont.)
• Some writers, known as the “Lost
Generation,” moved to Paris or other cities in
Europe.
– They often wrote about “heroic
antiheroes”—flawed individuals who still
had heroic qualities.
– Ernest Hemingway was one such writer.
Who wrote The Great Gatsby?
A. Eugene O’Neill
B. Sinclair Lewis
C. F. Scott Fitzgerald
D. Edith Wharton
0%
A
A.
B.
0%
C.
D.
B
A
B
0%
C
D
C
0%
D
Popular Culture
Broadcast radio and “talking” pictures
were new forms of popular
entertainment.
Popular Culture (cont.)
• For many Americans in the 1920s, nothing
quite matched the allure of motion pictures.
– In 1927, the golden age of Hollywood
began when the first “talking” picture—The
Jazz Singer—was produced.
– Entertainment programs broadcast over
the radio also had a large following during
the Jazz Age.
Popular Culture (cont.)
• The mass media helped break down
patterns of provincialism and fostered a
sense of shared experience that helped
unify the nation and spread new ideas and
attitudes.
• Thanks to motion pictures and radio, sports
such as baseball and boxing reached new
heights of popularity in the 1920s.
Popular Culture (cont.)
• Some famous sports personalities included:
– Babe Ruth
– Jack Dempsey
– Red Grange
– Bobby Jones
– Bill Tilen
– Helen Wills
– Gertrude Ederle
Which of the following people was a
famous football star?
A. Jack Dempsey
B. Red Grange
C. Bobby Jones
D. Bill Tilen
0%
A
A.
B.
0%
C.
D.
B
A
B
0%
C
D
C
0%
D
Big Ideas
Group Action The artistic and political contributions of
African Americans changed American society.
Content Vocabulary
• jazz
• blues
Academic Vocabulary
• symbolize
• impact
• ongoing
People and Events to Identify
• Great Migration
• Harlem Renaissance
• Claude McKay
• Langston Hughes
• Zora Neale Hurston
• Cotton Club
• Marcus Garvey
Do you feel that the music you listen to
today is inspired by music of the past?
A. Yes
B. No
A. A
B. B
0%
A
0%
B
The Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance sparked new
trends in literature, music, and art.
The Harlem Renaissance (cont.)
• During World War I and the 1920s, hundreds of
thousands of African Americans joined in the
Great Migration from the rural South to
industrial cities in the North.
• In Harlem, African American artistic
development, racial pride, and political
organization thrived.
– The result was a flowering of African
American arts that became known
as the Harlem Renaissance.
The Great Migration, 1917–1930
The Harlem Renaissance (cont.)
• Famous writers from the Harlem Renaissance:
– Claude McKay
– Langston Hughes
– Zora Neale Hurston
– Countee Cullen
– Alain Locke
– Dorothy West
– Nella Larsen
The Harlem Renaissance (cont.)
• When New Orleans native Louis Armstrong
moved to Chicago in 1922, he introduced an
improvisational early form of jazz.
– He became the first great cornet and
trumpet soloist in jazz music.
• Ragtime also influenced the composer,
pianist, and bandleader Edward “Duke”
Ellington, who listened as a teenager to
ragtime piano players in Washington, D.C.
The Harlem Renaissance (cont.)
• Like many other African American
entertainers, Ellington got his start at the
Cotton Club.
• Bessie Smith seemed to symbolize soul.
– She sang of unfulfilled love, poverty, and
oppression—the classic themes of the
blues.
The Harlem Renaissance (cont.)
• The theater was also flourishing during this
time.
– Shuffle Along, the first musical written,
produced, and performed by African
Americans, made its Broadway debut in
1921.
– The show’s success helped launch a
number of careers, including those of
Florence Mills and Paul Robeson.
The Harlem Renaissance (cont.)
• Perhaps the most daring performer of the
era, Josephine Baker transformed a
childhood knack for flamboyance into a
career as a well-known singer and dancer.
Which of the following people first
gained recognition as an athlete at
Rutgers?
A. Paul Robeson
B. Florence Mills
C. Bessie Smith
D. Duke Ellington
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
African Americans and 1920s Politics
While the NAACP pursued racial
equality through the courts, black
nationalists supported independence
and separation from whites.
African Americans and 1920s Politics
• World War I set the stage for African
Americans to reenter federal politics in the
United States, although perhaps not in the
way many expected.
(cont.)
– African Americans became a powerful
voting bloc that could sometimes sway the
outcome of elections.
• In 1928 African American voters in Chicago
helped elect Oscar DePriest, the first African
American representative in Congress from a
Northern state.
African Americans and 1920s Politics
• The NAACP battled valiantly—but often
unsuccessfully—against segregation and
discrimination against African Americans.
(cont.)
– They also lobbied and protested against
the horrors of lynching.
• One of the NAACP’s greatest political
triumphs occurred in 1930 with the defeat of
Judge John J. Parker’s nomination to the
U.S. Supreme Court.
African Americans and 1920s Politics
(cont.)
• A dynamic black leader from Jamaica,
Marcus Garvey, captured the imagination of
millions of African Americans with his “Negro
Nationalism,” which glorified the black
culture and traditions.
– Garvey founded the Universal Negro
Improvement Association (UNIA), an
organization aimed at promoting black
pride and unity.
African Americans and 1920s Politics
– He thought that African Americans could
gain economic and political power by
education themselves, as well as
separating themselves from whites.
(cont.)
– President Coolidge used Garvey’s
immigrant status to have him deported to
Jamaica; however, he had instilled a
sense of pride in African Americans and
inspired hope for the future.
Which party did most African Americans in
the North vote for in the 1920s?
A. Republican
B. Democratic
A. A
B. B
0%
A
0%
B
Causes of Prosperity
Government’s Role
• Limits interference with
business
• Cuts taxes, debt, and
government spending
• Imposes higher tariffs to
protect young industries
Causes of Prosperity
Business Innovation and
Technology
• Mass production creates a
wide range of consumer
goods sold at low prices.
• Technology such as autos,
airplanes, and radio leads
to new industries and economic growth.
• Business pays high wages.
Causes of Prosperity
New Consumer Society
• People have more
disposable income and
leisure time
• Credit is more readily
available
• Mass advertising begins
A Changing Society
Cultural Changes
• A new youth culture with a
“new morality” develops.
• Young people and women
gain more independence.
• The working class enjoys
more leisure time.
• New mass media in radio, movies, and sports
develops.
A Changing Society
Changes for African Americans
• Harlem Renaissance begins.
• Literature reveals racial pride
and contempt of racism.
• Jazz and blues are popularized.
• Great Migration during the war creates strong African
American voting blocs in Northern cities.
• First African American from the North is elected to
Congress.
• NAACP battles segregation and discrimination.
A Changing Society
Opposition to Change
• Nativists and a new Ku Klux
Klan target immigrants,
Catholics, Jews, and African
Americans.
• Government imposes new
quotas on immigration.
• Fundamentalists push for traditional values.
• Prohibition is implemented.
Chapter Transparencies Menu
Why It Matters
Cause-and-Effect Transparency
Unit Time Line Transparency
Select a transparency to view.
supply-side economics
economic theory that lower taxes will
boost the economy as businesses
and individuals invest their money,
thereby creating higher tax revenue
cooperative individualism
President Hoover’s policy of
encouraging manufacturers and
distributors to form their own
organizations and volunteer
information to the federal government
in an effort to stimulate the economy
isolationism
a national policy of avoiding
involvement in world affairs
investigation
a systematic examination or official
inquiry
revelation
an act of revealing to view or making
known
mass production
the production of large quantities of
goods using machinery and often an
assembly line
assembly line
a production system with machines
and workers arranged so that each
person performs an assigned task
again and again as the item passes
before him or her
Model T
automobile built by the Ford Motor
Company from 1908 until 1927
welfare capitalism
system in which companies enable
employees to buy stock, participate in
profit sharing, and receive benefits
such as medical care common in the
1920s
open shop
a workplace where workers are not
required to join a union
disposable
referring to the money remaining to
an individual after deduction of taxes
credit
an amount or sum of money placed at
a person’s disposal by a bank on
condition that it will be repaid with
interest
nativism
hostility toward immigrants
anarchist
person who believes that there
should be no government
evolution
the scientific theory that humans and
other forms of life have evolved over
time
creationism
the belief that God created the world
and everything in it, usually in the way
described in the book of Genesis
speakeasy
a place where alcoholic beverages
are sold illegally
source
the point at which something is
provided
deny
to declare untrue
bohemian
a person (as an artist or a writer)
leading an unconventional lifestyle
mass media
a medium of communication (as in
television and radio) intended to
reach a wide audience
diverse
being different from one another
unify
to bring a group together with a
similar goal or thought pattern
jazz
American style of music that
developed from ragtime and blues
and that uses syncopated rhythms
and melodies
blues
style of music evolving from African
American spirituals and noted for its
melancholy sound and themes
symbolize
to represent, express, or identify by a
symbol
impact
to make a lasting impression upon an
individual or group
ongoing
being actually in process; continuing
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