"First they came for the Communists but I was not a
Communist so I did not speak out;
Then they came for the Socialists and the Trade Unionists but I was not one of them, so I did not speak out;
Then they came for the Jews but I was not Jewish so I did not speak out.
And when they came for me, there was no one left to speak out for me."
Martin Niemoller, 1892-1984

• Was created in 1879
• First used by Wilhelm Marr
• German agitator to explain the current anti-Jewish campaigns in Europe
• The hostility or prejudice against the Jewish race and ethnic group
• Extremism in Germany made by Hitler leads to . . .


Plan to exterminate all of Jewish people

Implemented in stages

Nazis and Hitler rose to power

State-enforced racism in Jewish legislation


Boycotts
“Night of Broken Glass”

All leading to isolation of Jews


Auschwitz




Dachau
Majdanek
Buchenwald
Belsen
Poland (Monowitz,
Birkenau)
Munich, Germany
Lublin, Poland
Weimar, Germany
Celle, Germany



First camp to be created

March 1933

Empty munitions factory
10 miles west of Munic, Germany


Auschwitz
– Largest camp established
– Broken down three camps
 Auschwitz I:
– Concentration camp
 Auschwitz II:
– Birkenau Killing Center
 Auschwitz III:
– Monowitz Forced Labor camp
– 1.1 million Jews eliminated
– Other victums
 Christian Poles
 Roma Gypsies
 Soviet Prisoners of war

Brought from cities on box car trains
OPTION 1
Taken off trains
And separated
Fit and healthy able
To work in camp
Shaved heads and stripped
Naked given alternative clothing
OPTION 2
Healthy and used for
Medical experiments
OPTION 3
Most unable to work
Taken straight to gas chambers

HOW?


Gas vans


Gas used:

Carbon Monoxide

Zyklon B

Tested on Gypsy children

Delousing to control Typhus

September 3, 1941 first killing 600 Soviet POW’s
Most deaths from Gas

►
Put in all camps
►
Auschwitz camp
 Estimated killing capacity up to 340 every 24 hours
►
Normally dead first

Three main groups



1) Tests aimed at easing survival of military personnel
2) Testing pharmaceuticals treating military and occupation personnel.
3) Advancing racial ideological tenets of Nazi worldview
Other testing

Sterilization experiments in Auschwitz and
Ravensbrueck on “unfit” races

 Hitler – creator of “Final Solution”
 Dr. Josef Mengele – experimented on prisoners
 Many SS officers – killed and controlled
Jewish and other prisoners
 U.S. troops – liberated camps
 Soviet troops – liberated camps

• News of the U.S. and Soviet troops moving forward set off alarm for Germans
• Began Death marches
• Destroyed crematories and gas chambers
• Prisoner riots began


1944-1945 Largest took place

Nine days before reaching Auschwitz 60,000 marched toward Wodzislaw then put onto trains

One march consisted of 6,000 women 1,000 men

600 died

The remainder were forced into the ocean and shot

• Camps liberated by Soviet Union:
– Majdanek – July 1944
– Belzec, Sobiber, Treblinka – summer of 1944
– Auschwitz – January 1945
– Stutthof
– Sachsenhausen
– Ravensbrueck

• Liberated by U.S.:
– Dachau – April 1945
– Buchenwald – April 11, 1945
– Dora-Mittelbau – April 1945
– Mauthausen – May 1945
– Flossenbuerg

• No homes to go to
• Many died weeks after liberation from malnutrition
• Many had louse-borne Typhus fever and had to be treated
• Treated with doxycycline 200 for 24 hours
• Never could fully return to their lives before

Ukrainians
Jews (all countries)
Russian POW’s
Russian civilians
Poles
Gypsies
Disabled
Homosexuals
5.5-7 million
6 million +
3.3 million +
2 million +
3 million +
200 – 500 thousand
70 – 250 thousand tens of thousands

Page 1 – picture……………google images
Page 2 – cartoon…………...google images
Page 3 – picture………………..google images
Page 4 – map………….............holocaust museum
Page 5 – map…………………..holocaust museum
Page 7 – picture(1,2)………….google images
Page 8 – map………................holocaust-history.org
Page 9 – picture (1,2)……........google images
Page 10 – map………..............holocaust museum
Page 11 – map………………….holocaust museum
Page 13-17 – pictures …………google images
Page 22 – map………………….holocaust museum
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Page 25 – map………………….holocaust museum