OGT
A Glossary of terms
for the Ohio
Graduation Test
Terms 62-71
NAACP (National Association for
the Advancement of Colored
People)
African American
organization
formed to fight for
civil rights.
NAACP lawyers
brought the Brown
v. Board of
Education case to
the Supreme
Court.(82)
In 1964, President Lyndon
Johnson persuaded Congress
to pass the Civil Rights Act,
which outlawed racial
discrimination in public places,
such as theaters, cafeterias
and hotels.
This was an attempt to
A. maintain poll taxes for AfricanAmericans.
B. stop African-American
northward migration.
C. end segregation legalized by
Jim Crow laws.
D. segregate public busing in
major American cities.
C
2008 Test Question
What was one perspective of African-Americans
that was reflected in the founding of the
National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP)?
A. the desire to preserve cultural traditions
B
B. the desire to end racial discrimination
C. the belief that segregation was necessary to
maintain social order
D. the belief that collective bargaining would lead
to higher incomes
2009 Test Question
What was one perspective of African-Americans that was
reflected in the founding of the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)?
A. the hope of encouraging widespread emigration to Africa
B. the belief that racial segregation was justified in all
circumstances
C. the goal of forming a new political party to represent AfricanAmericans
D. the desire to bring about legal and social equality for AfricanAmericans
D
NAFTA (North
American Free Trade
Agreement)
An agreement
among the United
States, Canada
and Mexico.
Customs duties on
goods from within
the region are
lower than they are
for goods outside
it. (96)
The North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA) is a treaty
designed to remove tariffs and
other trade barriers between
Canada, Mexico and the United
States. This helped establish an
economic region among those
nations because
A. participants enlarged their
dependence on domestic markets.
B. participants terminated trade
relationships with other regions.
C. participants imposed tariffs on
goods imported from other
countries.
D. trade among participants
increased, making their economies
more interdependent.
D
NATIONALISM
The belief that each ethnic group
or “nationality” is entitled to its
own government and national
homeland. (43)
NATO (North Atlantic
Treaty Organization)
A military alliance between the
United States, Canada, and
Western European nations to
defend against Communism.
(53)
NAZISM
German political
movement led by Adolf
Hitler, based on the
principles of dictatorship,
violence and aggression.
(46)
NEW DEAL
Programs introduced by President
Franklin D. Roosevelt to fight the
Great Depression; the New Deal
included social and economic
programs to lower unemployment
and regulate the economy. (68)
NEW DEAL
NINETEENTH
AMENDMENT
A constitutional
amendment in 1920
that guaranteed
women the right to
vote. (66)
This cartoon could be used to
support the thesis that
opposition to women’s suffrage
was
A. based on unemployment
statistics comparing men and
women.
B. stronger among women than
among men.
C. stronger in western states
than in eastern states.
D. based on stereotyping of
women’s roles.
D
2008 Question
Although the 14th Amendment to the Constitution
extended the rights of citizenship to “all
persons” born or naturalized in the United
States, discrimination on the basis of gender still
existed throughout much of the country during
the late 1800s. Which was consequence of this
discrimination?
A. the end of the military draft for women
B. the growth of the women’s suffrage movement
C. the beginning of sit-ins to desegregate lunch
counters
B
D. the continuation of efforts to end university
admissions quotas
2009 Question
The United States Constitution is a living document
that changes over time as a result of
amendments and Supreme Court decisions.
How did the Constitution change as a result of the
19th Amendment?
A. The voting rights of women were expanded.
B. The civil rights of Native Americans were
restricted.
C. The civil rights of African-Americans were
protected.
A
D. The voting rights of property owners were
expanded.
PARLIAMENTARY
DEMOCRACY
A form of
government in
which voters elect
the legislature
(Parliament), and
Parliament in turn
chooses the chief
executive (Prime
Minister). (134)
Voters Elect
Legislature
(Parliament)
Chief Executive
(Prime
Minister)
Judiciary
PER CAPITA
INCOME
Average annual income of
people in a country.(97)
PRESIDENTIAL
DEMOCRACY
A form of government
where there is a
separation of powers
between the
legislature and chief
executive. People
elect legislators and
the President. (134)
Voters Elect
Legislature
(Congress)
Chief Executive
(President)
Judiciary
Par/Pres Dem. ????
Parliamentary Democracy
Voters Elect
Legislature
(Parliament)
Chief Executive
(Prime
Minister)
Judiciary
Presidential Democracy
Voters Elect
Legislature
(Congress)
C
Chief Executive
(President)
Judiciary
According to the information
in the diagrams, what is the
difference in the relationship
between the executive and
the legislature in the two
types of democracies?
A. In a presidential
democracy, the executive is
more accountable to the
legislature.
B. In a presidential
democracy, the legislature is
more accountable to the
executive.
C. In a presidential
democracy, the executive and
the legislature are directly
accountable to the citizens.
D. In a presidential
democracy, the executive and
the legislature are less
accountable to the citizens.
2008 Question
Citizens in presidential democracies and
parliamentary democracies typically
achieve governmental change by
A. going on strike.
B. voting in elections.
C. serving in the military.
D. engaging in revolution.
B
2008 Question
A group of citizens organizes a peaceful march
through the streets of their nation’s capital. They
carry signs calling for the nation’s leader to
resign.
Describe how likely this type of protest could be
held in a presidential democracy and in a
dictatorship.
Explain the reason for these differences.
Write your answer in the Answer Document.
(2 points)
2009 Question
What method is typically used by citizens in
parliamentary and presidential
democracies to achieve governmental
change?
A. elections
B. revolution
C. civil war
D. secession
A