Ch. 21: The Furnace of Civil
War
Theme: The Civil War, begun as a limited struggle over the
Union, eventually became a total war to end slavery and
transform the nation.
Theme: After several years of seesaw struggle, the Union
armies under Ulysses Grant finally wore down the Southern
forces under Robert E. Lee and ended the Confederate bid
for independence as well as the institution of slavery.
I. Stalemate in East
A.
Union Strategy, “90-day War”
1.
2.
B.
Military panic at “Bull Run”
Pensive “Peninsula Campaign”
Union Strategy is Total War!
1.
“Anaconda Plan”
a. Merrimack (CSS Virginia) v.
Monitor
C.
Confederate Strategy, “Invade
North”
1.
Antietam, 1862
a.
b.
Emancipation Proclamation
Democrats-too far,
Abolishionists-not enough,
Moderates and Europeans-OK
I. Stalemate in East (cont.)
2. Fredericksburg
a. “Burnside’s Slaughter Pen”
3. Chancellorsville
a. “Fightin” Joe Hooker loses
to force ½ size
4. Gettysburg
a. Lee looking to negotiate
peace and foreign
intervention.
b. “High tide” of
Confederacy
c. Meade failure to pursue
d. Gettysburg Address
July 1st, 1863
•Union Calvary (Buford)
•Maj Gen. Reynolds
•Chambersburg Pike
•Seminary
•Cemetery Hill
July 2, 1863
•“Fishhook” formation (int)
•Seminary Ridge (ext.)
•Longstreet’s Attack on
Union left flank
•Sickles and Peach O.
•“Devil’s Den”
•Little Round Top and
Maine 20th
•Ewell right flank
•Culp’s Hill
•137th New York
•J.E.B. Stuart Arrival
July 3, 1863
•Union Reinforcements
•Culp’s Hill
•Longstreet’s Attack on
The center
•Confederate Artillery
•Pickett’s Charge
•“The Angle” and
“Copse of Trees”
II. Success in West
A.
Union: Divide and Conquer
1.
2.
New Orleans, 1862
Ohio River Valley
a.
b.
c.
3.
B.
Fort Henry and Donelson, 1862
Shiloh, 1862
Vicksburg, 1863
Sherman’s March to the Sea
(“War is Hell!”)
Politics of War
1.
2.
Radical Republicans and C.C. C
of War
Northern Democrats
a.
b.
3.
“War” Democrats
Peace Democrats including the
“Copperheads”
Election of 1864-most crushing
loss for the Confederacy
III. End of the War
A.
Union Forces Push to
Richmond
1.
Simultaneously attack
a.
b.
c.
d.
B.
Assassination of Lincoln,
1865
1.
2.
C.
Wilderness
Cold Harbor
Petersburg and Richmond
Appomattox Courthouse
Plot to kill the president by
John Wilkes Booth
Significant impact on
reconstruction
Impact of the war
Map Questions
(use the maps and charts in chapter 21 to answer the questions)
1. Which two states of the Southeast saw little of the major fighting of the
Civil War?
2. In which four states were the slaves all freed by state action—without and
federal involvement?
3. Which two states kept slavery until it was finally abolished by the
Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution?
4. On what three rivers were the major Confederate strategic points that
Grant successfully assaulted in 1862-1863?
5. What major secessionist South Carolina city was not in the direct path of
Sherman’s army in 1864-1865?
6. What major battle of Grant’s final campaign was fought very close to the
Confederate capital city?
Map Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Alabama and Florida
Missouri, Tennessee, West Virginia, Maryland
Kentucky, Deleware
Tennessee, Cumberland, Mississippi
Charleston
Cold Harbor