Ireland in the early 20th century.
•
Must be able to explain each of the following terms:
• -Nationalists
• -Republicans
• -Unionists
• -Home Rule
• -IRB
• -Anglicisation
• -Cultural Revival
• -IGTWU
• -Lockout
•
Be able to define what Home Rule was, and be able to describe the reaction of
the Unionists when Home Rule seemed likely.
•
Possible Paragraph Questions ‘The Home Rule Crisis 1912-1914’ (10/12 marks)
Nationalists:
-Wanted freedom from British Parliament.
-Wanted Home rule with own parliament in Dublin for local affairs
health, education)
-Allow Westminster to govern foreign affairs.
-Home Rule party represented these people, led by John Redmond.
-Majority were Catholics.
(e.g.
Republicans:
-People who wanted an Irish republic independent from British
rule.
-Some republicans pledged to use violence to achieve the
republic. Were part of a secret organisation called the IRB
-Leaders: Thomas Clarke and Sean Mac Dermot.
Unionists:
-Wanted Ireland to be a part of the United Kingdom.
-Majority were Protestants.
-‘Home Rule is Rome Rule’.
-Represented by Unionist Party. Leaders James Craig and Edward
Carson.
Edward Carson
James Craig
•Liberal Party in Britain had tried to introduce Home Rule in Ireland
but had failed.
•When they were in power again in 1906 they were slow to try again.
•In the 1910 election Herbert Asquith needed the support of the
Home Rule party to stay in power.
You give us Home
Rule and we will
support you!
Parliament Act 1911:
House of Lords
House of Commons
People
Parliament Act 1911
• Before Home Rule could become law, the House of
Lords could stop it (veto).
• King George felt it was unfair that the House of Lords
could stop a law that had been passed in the House of
Commons.
• Parliament Act 1911: Allowed the House of Laws to veto
a law for two years but if it came before them the
third year, they had to pass it.
• Q: What did this mean for Home Rule?
Unionists were appalled!
• Led demonstrations
• Signed the ‘Solemn
League and Covenant’’
promising that they would
use any means possible to
prevent Home Rule.
• UVF (Ulster Volunteer
Force) set up to oppose
Home Rule.
• Larne Gun Running: In
Larne, Co. Antrim, guns
and ammunition were
imported by the UVF.
Nationalist Reaction
• Eoin Mac Neill formed
the Irish Volunteers to
make sure Home Rule was
granted.
• Some of the Volunteers
were also in the IRB
(=violent!).
• Imported guns through
Howth in 1914. Intention
to use guns and
Volunteers to fight for
Independence.
Anglicisation: Term refers to the spread of English Culture
• Cultural Nationalists: Wanted to encourage
the Irish Culture in order to show
separation from Britain.
Cultural Revival
GAA
Gaelic League
Anglo Irish
literary Revival
IGTWU and Dublin Lockout
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IGTWU: Set up by James Larkin in
1913 to fight for better rights for
workers.
Employers such as William Martin
Murphy were worried by this and
tried to destroy the IGTWU by
telling members that they would
loose their jobs in they did not
leave the organisation.
Larkin told the workers to go on
strike.
Employers locked out the workers.
Lasted five months.
Eventually workers left the union
and returned to work.
Irish Citizen Army set up in 1913
by James Connolly to defend
workers.