Chapter 6
Becoming Canada
How did the war of 1812 and its political
consequences affect the developing
Canadian identity?
Rebellion in the Thirteen Colonies
Liberators: Someone who releases people from
oppression, confinement, or foreign control.
United Empire Loyalists: An inhabitant of the
Thirteen Colonies who remained loyal to Britain
during the American Revolution and fled to British
North American colonies after 1776.
Growing Restless: Invaders vs. Liberators
 By the late 1775, a rebellion exploded in Britain’s
Thirteen Colonies because they were growing restless
under British rule.
 The British government passed a number of laws
that the colonists were not happy with including the
Tea Act.
Growing Restless: Invaders vs. Liberators
THE TEA ACT
 The British East India Company had controlled all
tea trading between India and the British colonies.
 In May 1773, the Tea Act was passed giving a tea
monopoly to the British East India Company.
 The colonists were outraged with this law, that the
dockworkers began refusing to unload the tea from
ships.
 The Governor of Massachusetts demanded that the
tea be unloaded. He also demanded that the people
pay the taxes and duty on tea.
Growing Restless: Invaders vs. Liberators
THE TEA ACT
What famous event from American History
happened because of the Tea Act?
Growing Restless: Invaders vs. Liberators
The Boston Tea Party
 On the evening of December 16, 1773, a group of men
calling themselves the "Sons of Liberty" went to the
Boston Harbor dressed as Mohawks.
 They boarded three British ships and dumped fortyfive tons of tea into the Boston Harbor.
 The Boston Tea Party is seen as one of the first great
acts of protest against the British government in the
Thirteen Colonies.
Growing Restless: Invaders vs. Liberators
The Boston Tea Party
Growing Restless
Many things lead to the colonists growing restless in
the thirteen colonies:
1.
2.
3.
4.
They could trade only with their home country.
They had to pay high taxes on British imports.
They wanted to control over their own affairs.
Britain passed the Quebec Act giving the Ohio
Valley to Québec and not the Thirteen Colonies.
The War of Independence




April 1775 the first shots are fired in the
American War of Independence.
After many years of fighting it ended in 1783
with the British Government recognizing the
United States of America.
British North America (BNA) = all British
colonies in North America other than the
Thirteen Colonies.
United States of America = the Thirteen Colonies
QUESTIONS
Rebellion in the Thirteen Colonies (pg 125-130)
1. a) What event does “the Suite Life of Zach and Cody”
depict? (1pt)
b) How is this connected to Chapter 6? (1 pt)
2. a) In what years did the American War of
Independence begin and end? (2 pts)
b) What happened at the end of the war? (1pt)
Rebellion in the Thirteen Colonies
Traitors: One who betrays one’s country, a cause
or a trust.
Refugees: A person who flees a country because
he or she can no longer live in safety and in his or
her own country because of war, torture, famine or
persecution.
Discrimination: Unfair treatment of a person or
group based on prejudice.
The United Empire Loyalists
 A loyalist is
someone who
lived in the
Thirteen
Colonies who
remained loyal to
Britain during
the American
Revolution.
The United Empire Loyalists
They had many reasons for opposing the war:
 some didn’t believe in using violence to settle disputes
 Some had business ties with the British.
 Some were in military regiments that had fought with the
British.
 Some were enslaved African Americans seeking freedom.
 Some were First Nations peoples who had lost their land to
Americans.
The United Empire Loyalists
 The loyalists were treated as traitors
 As a consequence the Americans:
 Took
away their property and possessions
 They beat and jailed them
 They painted them with hot tar, covered them
with feathers and paraded them around town.
 As a result of the mistreatment:
 They were forced to flee north seeking shelter
and safety as refugees.
The United Empire Loyalists
 The loyalists were treated as
traitors
 The Americans:



Took away their property and
possessions
They beat and jailed them
They painted them with hot tar,
covered them with feathers and
paraded them around town.
The United Empire Loyalists
 As a result:
 The loyalists
were forced to
flee north
seeking shelter
and safety as
refugees.
The United Empire Loyalists contd.
 During and after the War of Independence, approx
40, 000 loyalists migrated to the British colonies,
many travelled to Nova Scotia. Resulting in the
doubling the population and the creation of new
communities.
The United Empire Loyalists contd.
• How do you think the Loyalists were treated
when they reached the British colonies?
Discrimination
 Life was difficult for all the Loyalists.
 Britain helped them by giving them free land and
supplies.

Land went to those who had fought for Britain, others
may not have received land at all.
Discrimination
 Black Loyalists received:
Less land
 Land that was not good for farming.
 Many had to work as tenant farmers – farming a plot of
land and having to give half the money from the sale of
their crops to landowners.

What do you think the Black Loyalists did?
Discrimination
 Despite the hardships of racism and
discrimination, many Black Loyalists stayed and
overcame the challenges to build a rich heritage in
Nova Scotia.
New Colonies
 Many Loyalists were unhappy in Nova Scotia, they
wanted their own colony.
 In 1784 Britain agreed
NS was divided into two parts.
 Western Portion became New Brunswick
 Cape Breton Island became a new colony.
 Ile Saint-Jean was renamed Prince Edward Island.

Loyalists in Québec
 Loyalists also streamed North in Québec crowding
into temporary camps waiting for Britain to help
them.
 Many Loyalists didn’t want to settle in Québec
because the French Language and Catholic traditions
were unfamiliar to them and all the good land was
already taken.
What does the Figure 6.8 on page 128 tell you about
the Loyalist experience?
A Fair Trade?
 The Governor of Québec, Sir Frederick Haldimand,
agreed to give the newcomers land further west in
1784.
 This land had belonged to the Anishinabe, the
governor had bought it in 1781/1783.
 He paid for it with some guns and other trading
goods.
Why do you think the Anishinabe gave up so much
land for such a small price?
A Fair trade?
1.
The Anishinabe did not realise they were selling the
land. They thought they were giving him
permission to use the land. By the time they
realised what had happened it was too late.
2. Fear. They may have been to afraid to say no to the
governors. Would the British use force to take their
land like the French had?
Building a Bilingual Country
 Québec was now populated by both English and
French speaking people with different traditions and
customs.
 The Canadiens formed the majority but the Loyalists
wanted to keep their own heritage.
What would the Loyalists need in order to be
able to do this?
Building a Bilingual Country
 Québec was now populated by both English and
French speaking people with different traditions and
customs.
 The Canadiens formed the majority but the Loyalists
wanted to keep their own heritage.
What would the Loyalists need in order to be able to
do this?

Their own colony and institutions.
Building a Bilingual Country
 In 1791, the Constitutional
Act divided Québec into
two: Upper and Lower
Canada.
 Each colony had an elected
assembly. The Citizens of
Québec kept all the rights
they had gained from the
Québec Act in 1774.
 This allowed the French and
English to co-exist.
QUESTIONS
1.
Explain how not all loyalists were treated fairly
when they reached Nova Scotia. (3 pts)