The Triumph of Industry
Chapter 3, Section 1
► Great
period of industrialization at the end of the
19th c.
► Industrialization
transformed the United States
into a world power and changed people’s daily
lives
Industry and Technology Advance Rapidly
► Coal
and steel production skyrocketed
► 10,000+ miles of railroads were built
► Brand-new industries: Electricity and petroleum
(Thomas Edison’s light bulb and the phonograph)
► When the Civil War began, most Americas were
farmers. By 1900, only 1 in 4 were farmers.
► Why? America’s natural resources are abundant:
lumber, coal, oil.
► Also, million of immigrants provided labor.
► Class system: determined by your socio-economic
status (SES)
► Result: Mass consumerism!
The Rise of ‘Big Business’
► Andrew
Carnegie: United State’s Steel Corporation
► John D. Rockefeller: Standard Oil
► Some believed these men stole their wealth by
paying their workers low wages; others considered
them great entrepreneurs
► Big Businesses believed only the fittest (biggest)
would survive – Social Darwinism
► Monopoly: A business that would control an entire
industry
► The Federal government became involved in
regulating these industries (Sherman Anti-trust Act)
Workers Organize
►
Workers in factories worked long hours for low pay (12
hours a day, 15 cents/hr)
►
Knights of Labor organized workers to fight against
big business by including male and female, black and
white, skilled and unskilled workers
►
KOL rallied for “8 hours of work, 8 hours of sleep, and
8 hours for what we will”
►
American Federation of Labor (AFL) focused on
specifics, such as wages, hours, and working
conditions
Workers and Big Business Clash
► 1886
Haymarket Riot: During a strike in Chicago,
someone threw a bomb at a police officer, and
violence exploded. The government arrested 8
anarchists (political radicals opposed to
government)
► 1894 Pullman Strike: The Pullman rail car industry
had recently cut wages, and many workers
refused to work.
► Result: The government had to send troops in to
protect the railroads.
Witness History CD (Track 13):
► Follow
along on pg 65
► Quick write:
 What idea was this audio trying to get
across?
 Look at the picture on pg 64: What do you
think the point of this photograph when it
was taken?
Self-Reflection
► Read
pg68-69 – Andrew Carnegie
► Question: Was Carnegie a “Robber Baron”
or “Captain of Industry?” Support your
answer with evidence.
Warm-Up
► Turn
to pg 75 of Text
► Read “Ellis Island” and answer Qs 1&2
► http://www.history.com/topics/ellisisland/videos#arrival-at-ellis-island
Immigration and Urbanization
(Chapter 3, Section 2)
► What
can you tell about the working
conditions from the photographs?
► What types of people worked in the
factories in the 1800s?
► In what ways did factory owners exploit
their workers?
Go to the following lecture…
Warm-Up!
► Predict
what you think life was like for
African Americans after the Civil War
► Given your knowledge of America’s history
of discrimination, how do you think Native
Americans were treated?
BE SPECIFIC AND EXPLAIN WHY
The South and West
Transformed
Chapter 3, Sec 3
The New South
After the Civil War, the South needed to rebuild the
economy, so they focused on building their
manufacturing sector
► Because Southerners were short on $, they
borrowed from Northern bankers
► Although the Southern economy grew, it did not
grow as quickly as the North
►
Southern Farmers Face Difficult Times
► Southern
farmers were overly dependant on one crop,
cotton, and cotton’s prices continued to drop
Southern Farmers Face Difficult Times
Also, the sharecropping system
contributed to hard times:
► Some farmers farmed on other
people’s land
► The landowner decided:
► What crop the farmer would grow,
► Provided the farmer with a house,
farming equipment, and seeds in
exchange for a portion of the
finished crop
► Many times, the farmers would
become indebted to the
landowners
►
Transformation of the West
Ch 3.3
GOLD! In California, Nevada, Colorado, Montana,
Idaho, and South Dakota
► People migrated westward, setting up mining towns,
and encouraging railroad construction
►
Transformation of the West
Railroads transformed a country of isolated
communities to an interconnected nation
► People could easily move west to become cowboys,
miners, or ranchers
►
► Page
81: The Sharecropping System
► Draw
an illustration for each step of the
cycle
The South and West Transformed worksheet, “The
Role of Railroads” & Textbook pg 85
Review:
► How
did the railroads contribute to the
development of the West?
► What was the significance of cattle to the
Western economy? (see p86)
The Government Promotes
Assimilation
Helen Hunt, A Century of Dishonor: Exposed
America’s bad Indian policy
► Dawes Act (1887): destroyed the Indian way of life
by assimilating them into American society and
culture, and divided Indian lands
► Massacre at Wounded Knee: The Army killed Indians
who took part in a spiritual dance called the Ghost
Dance
For further information turn to page 734 & Read “I Will
Fight No More Forever”
►
Cultures Clash in the West
In the 1830s, Congress ordered the
removal of Indians from the
Southeast (the Indian Removal Act)
to present-day Oklahoma
reservations
► Indians were killed if they did not
leave, and they became
impoverished
► In the Battle of Little Bighorn
(1876), Indians fought the army,
lead by Gen. Custer. Not a single
American survived Custer’s last
stand
►
Issues of the Gilded Age 1878-1889
Chapter 3, Section 4
►
Although industrialization and westward expansion
was occurring, Americans also faced many challenges
Segregation and Social Tension
Jim Crow laws called for segregation, lynching
► In Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court upheld
segregation (Jim Crow laws) as long as it was
“separate but equal”
►
Segregation and Social Tension
► White
Americans overtook Mexican American
lands
► The Chinese faced job discrimination & Chinese
Exclusion Act (1882)
Government Corruption
► Politicians bribed people for their support
Farmers and Populism
Prices for corn, wheat, and cotton declined, and farmers
were in debt
► Farmers formed the Populist Party, calling for
government regulation of railroads (to lower costs), and
the coinage of silver (to make it easier to pay off their
debts) – BIMETALISM (GOLD AND SILVER)
► William Jennings Bryan ran for the Presidency as a
populist. Although he lost to
McKinley, he appealed directly
to the people
►
Classwork
► Interpreting
a Political Cartoon, The Gilded
Age Worksheet
Homework
► Standards
Assessment: pg 94
► Questions: 1-5 &14
Quick Write:
► You
are the mayor of your city. Many of your
friends helped you during your campaign, and you
got the job partly through their efforts. It’s time
to hire people for prominent city positions. Do you
hire your friends, who now need jobs, or do you
hire people who are possibly more qualified?
► Explain your answer in 3-4 sentences