Prehistoric to Renaissance Timeline
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Timeline Prehistory to the Renaissance Lesson 13-00 1 • TN SPI – 6.5.1 Read a timeline and order events of the past between prehistory and the Renaissance 2 Prehistory Before 4000 BC Ancient Civilizations Classical Age 4000-1000 BC 1000 BC –500 AD 4000 BC 3000 BC Middle Ages 500-1500 AD Renaissance 2000 BC 1000 BC 0 1000 AD 1300-1600 AD 1500 AD 2000 AD 3 Prehistory Before 4000 BC Ancient Civilizations Classical Age 4000-1000 BC 1000 BC –500 AD 4000 BC 3000 BC Middle Ages 500-1500 AD Renaissance 2000 BC 1000 BC 0 1000 AD 1300-1600 AD 1500 AD 2000 AD Stone Age Migration from Africa to Southeast Asia Hunters/Gatherers/Fishermen Nomadic Tribes Stone Tools Discovery of Fire – migration to colder climates Agricultural Revolution –Seeds produce Plants Domestication of Animals Food Surpluses allow artisan class 4 Prehistory Before 4000 BC Ancient Civilizations Classical Age 4000-1000 BC 1000 BC –500 AD 4000 BC 3000 BC Middle Ages 500-1500 AD Renaissance 2000 BC 1000 BC 0 1000 AD 1300-1600 AD 1500 AD 2000 AD Mesopotamia Fertile Crescent – Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Warring City-States Sumerians – Assyrians – Babylonians – Phoenicians – Hebrews* Polytheistic – Idol Worship – Ziggurats – Priest meets with gods Epic of Gilgamesh – Sumerians (Flood Story) Hammurabi Code – laws written down for the first time Cuneiform - wedges and lines - Scribes Phoenician Alphabet – easier for people to learn to read and write Phoenicians – sailed the Mediterranean Sea selling goods *Judaism - Monotheistic – Abraham – Famine in Canaan – Travel to Egypt 5 Prehistory Before 4000 BC Ancient Civilizations Classical Age 4000-1000 BC 1000 BC –500 AD 4000 BC 3000 BC Middle Ages 500-1500 AD Renaissance 2000 BC 1000 BC 0 1000 AD 1300-1600 AD 1500 AD 2000 AD Egypt Nile River – Upper and Lower Egypt Desert – Provided protection from invasions Monarch – Dynasty - Pharaohs – Ramses II - Cleopatra Polytheistic – Many gods – Pyramids – Mummification – Afterlife Alexandria – Largest library of scrolls (Classic Age) Hieroglyphs – developed to keep track of growing wealth 6 Prehistory Before 4000 BC Ancient Civilizations Classical Age 4000-1000 BC 1000 BC –500 AD 4000 BC 3000 BC Middle Ages 500-1500 AD Renaissance 2000 BC 1000 BC 0 1000 AD 1300-1600 AD 1500 AD 2000 AD India Ganges/Indus Rivers – Himalayas (great barrier to the north) Mixture of Aryan/Indian Culture created: Hinduism – Reincarnation – Upanishads – after death soul is reborn Caste System – social class same as parents Mohenjo Daro – first city with clay drainage pipes under the street Siddhartha Gautama – prince/suffering - Buddhism 7 Prehistory Before 4000 BC Ancient Civilizations Classical Age 4000-1000 BC 1000 BC –500 AD 4000 BC 3000 BC Middle Ages 500-1500 AD Renaissance 2000 BC 1000 BC 0 1000 AD 1300-1600 AD 1500 AD 2000 AD China Yellow River or Huang He River – Great Wall of China Farming – steep slopes using terraces Family is the most important unit Dynasties – A new dynasty would begin when a strong ruler defeated local rulers – large dynasties were difficult to govern Confucius – Chinese philosopher – government posts - qualified Buddhism – Reincarnation – Nirvana – spread to China by missionaries Paper from trees invented during Han Dynasty Mongol Invasions – Genghis Khan – Kublai Khan – Marco Polo China’s Riches – silk – Silk Road (land trade route) 8 Prehistory Before 4000 BC Ancient Civilizations Classical Age 4000-1000 BC 1000 BC –500 AD 4000 BC 3000 BC Middle Ages 500-1500 AD Renaissance 2000 BC 1000 BC 0 1000 AD 1300-1600 AD 1500 AD 2000 AD Greeks Independent City-States – separated by mountains and water Athens – first democracy Sparta – monarch Trojan War – Epics The Illiad and The Odyssey Philosophers - Socrates – Plato – Aristotle Plato wrote The Republic – society ruled by philosopher kings Polytheistic – Greek gods – Zeus, Athena – Mt. Olympus Visited Oracles to ask advice of gods First Olympics to honor gods – 776 BC Appreciation for the arts, drama, architecture (columns) Alexander the Great – conquered most of the known world to the East (Persian Empire) and established many cities spreading Greek culture 9 Prehistory Before 4000 BC Ancient Civilizations Classical Age 4000-1000 BC 1000 BC –500 AD 4000 BC 3000 BC Middle Ages 500-1500 AD Renaissance 2000 BC 1000 BC 0 1000 AD 1300-1600 AD 1500 AD 2000 AD Romans Tiber River – Rome – located at the center of the Mediterranean Sea (Roman Lake) Romans created a Republic – citizens vote for their leaders Julius Caesar conquered Gaul – became Emperor – change to Monarch (absolute rule) Caesar Augustus – Pax Romana – period of Roman peace Roman army conquered new lands – allowed people to continue life and follow their own religions Polytheistic – adapted Greek gods; later Christianity – Jesus - Crucified Cruel Emperors – Nero and Caligula – Persecute Christians Diocletian splits into Eastern and Western Empire Emperor Constantine moves capital to Byzantium later renamed Constantinople Constantine stops persecution of Christians 10 Latin – basis of Romance Languages Prehistory Before 4000 BC Ancient Civilizations Classical Age 4000-1000 BC 1000 BC –500 AD 4000 BC 3000 BC Middle Ages 500-1500 AD Renaissance 2000 BC 1000 BC 0 1000 AD 1300-1600 AD 1500 AD 2000 AD Byzantine Empire Old Eastern Roman Empire Constantinople – Crossroads of Trade between Europe and Asia Justinian I updates Roman Laws – Justinian Code – basis for most modern European countries Theodora influences Justinian to include laws for women Christianity splits – Great Schism of 1054 Roman Catholic Church and Orthodox Christian Church (Icons) 11 Prehistory Before 4000 BC Ancient Civilizations Classical Age 4000-1000 BC 1000 BC –500 AD 4000 BC 3000 BC Middle Ages 500-1500 AD Renaissance 2000 BC 1000 BC 0 1000 AD 1300-1600 AD 1500 AD 2000 AD Middle Ages Europe – Holy Roman Empire - Charlemagne Feudalism – Manor System – Land owned by king or church Theocracy – government by church rulers Serfs – unofficial slaves Viking Invasions Christianity accepted religion – Roman Catholic Church thrives Islam spreads across Northern Africa – Charles Martel Crusades – Christians prevented from entering Jerusalem by Muslim Turks Interest in trade revived after Crusades William the Conqueror – Battle of Hastings – 1066 King John and the Magna Carta Hundred Years’ War – Joan of Arc 12 Prehistory Ancient Civilizations Classical Age 4000-1000 BC 1000 BC –500 AD Before 4000 BC 4000 BC 3000 BC Middle Ages 500-1500 AD Renaissance 2000 BC 1000 BC 0 1000 AD 1300-1600 AD 1500 AD 2000 AD Renaissance Begins in Italy – Spreads throughout Europe Rebirth in art, science, thought, and learning New interest in Classical Civilizations – Greek and Roman – called humanism Gutenberg – Printing Press – Gutenberg Bible Galileo – Telescope Leonardo da Vinci – Mona Lisa – Last Supper Michalangelo – Sculptures of David and Moses – Sistine Chapel Nicolo Machiavelli – The Prince William Shakespeare – 37 plays Martin Luther – Protestant Reformation 1517 (reform Catholic Church) Catholic Church selling indulgences Henry VIII – (Tudors) English Reformation - Church of England Elizabeth I – King Phillip II – Spanish Armada 13 Prehistory Before 4000 BC Ancient Civilizations Classical Age 4000-1000 BC 1000 BC –500 AD 4000 BC 3000 BC Middle Ages 500-1500 AD Renaissance 2000 BC 1000 BC 0 1000 AD Exploration 1300-1600 AD 1500 AD 2000 AD 1200-1600 AD Exploration Marco Polo – Trade Routes to the Richest of the East – 1275 (paper money) Kublai Khan - Mongols Muslim Turks capture Constantinople and close land route in 1453 - monopoly Prince Henry – Navigational School in Portugal – 1420 Dias and da Gama – Ocean Route to Asia around Africa – 1487 and 1497 Columbus – Reach Asia by sailing West – 1492 (four voyages) King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella - $$$ for Columbus Amerigo Vespucci and Balboa – New Continent and Ocean – 1502 and 1513 Ferdinand Magellan – First to Circumnavigate the globe - 1519-1522 14 Prehistory Before 4000 BC Ancient Civilizations Classical Age 4000-1000 BC 1000 BC –500 AD 4000 BC 3000 BC Middle Ages 500-1500 AD Renaissance 2000 BC 1000 BC 0 1000 AD Exploration 1300-1600 AD 1500 AD 2000 AD 1200-1600 AD Civilizations of the Americas Polythestic Religious Beliefs based on Nature Two sides of the unaware the other exists – Disease/Conquered by Europeans Olmec – Central America – Mother Civilization – Stone faces Maya – Central America – Stone Temples Aztec Empire – Central American Warriors – Human Sacrifice – Rich in Gold – conquered by Cortes Inca Empire – Western South America, Andes Mtns. of Peru - Rich in Gold – Conquered by Pizarro – Machu Picchu believed to be a palace Eastern Woodlands – Lands east of the Mississippi River – Forests/deer - Wigwams The Plains – West of MS River and East of Rocky Mtns. – Buffalo/Tepee Desert Southwest – Southwest U.S. – Adobes – Woven Cloth 15 Northwest Coast – Coastline from California to Alaska – Fishermen – Totem Poles
