• Jewish are expelled from Palestine, by Romans,
135 CE
• After World War II, search for homeland,
• ->back to Palestine
• Israel as state is claimed 1948
• Arab Israeli war
• About 700’000 Palestinian refugees
• Widespread anger among Palestinians
(“Terrorists attack the Munich Olympics”).

King Hussein of Jordan
• Expelled and responsible for deaths of thousands of Palestinian’s (“Black
September”)
• Only Arab leader to speak out against Munich massacre ("Terrorists Attack the Munich Olympics”)

Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)
• Created in 1964
• For Independent Palestinian state
• destruction of Israel ("Terrorists Attack the Munich Olympics”)

Yasser Arafat
• (1929-2004) PLO leader
• Creates Black September
• dissolves 1973 ("Terrorists Attack the Munich Olympics”)

Abu Daoud
• Mohammed Daoud Oudeh (1936-2010)
• Palestinian militant
• leader of Black September
• Organized Munich Massacre ("Terrorists Attack the Munich Olympics”)

Black September
• bloody month 1970
• King Hussein expelling from Jordan 700’000 Palestinians (“Terrorists attack the Munich
Olympics”)
• Offshoot of Palestinian Liberation Organization
• Controlled by leader of PLO Yasser Arafat (“Black September Organization”)

September 5, 1972
• Sneak in Olympic village before dawn
• Invade Israeli team apartments
• Demand release of ~200 Palestinian prisoners in German and Israeli prisons (“Arab Terrorists Murder Eleven Israeli Olympic Athletes”)

• Terrorists kill Moshe Weinberg (wrestling coach) and Joseph Romano
(wrestler) first
• Some athletes escape
• Take 9 hostages ("Arab Terrorists Murder Eleven Israeli Olympic
Athletes”)

Negotiations
• Israel Prime Minister Golda Meir refuses any negotiations
• German Police negotiates
• Gives in to terrorists new demand: flight to Cairo with hostages ("Arab
Terrorists Murder Eleven Israeli Olympic Athletes”)

Fürstenfeldbruck
• On Airport
• 4 snipers - 8 terrorists….
• All athletes killed: live grenade in one helicopter, other athletes machine gunned down
• 5 Terrorists dead 3 captured (“Arab Terrorists Murder Eleven Israeli
Olympic Athletes”)

• first time in 36 years
• West Germans 1972 wanted to show that open free society
• few security measures to protect Olympic village
• didn't seem necessary
• little exposure to modern terrorism
("Germany, Counter–Terrorism Policy.”)

"Even in the world of crime, there are still some taboos, a final limit of dehumanization beyond which one dares not go. This limit was crossed by those guilty of the attack on the Olympic Village."
• Games not cancelled
• funeral service
• 80’000 present
• Eleven empty chairs for killed Israelis
• No Arab representatives ("Arab Terrorists Murder Eleven Israeli Olympic Athletes”)

Terrorists freed
• 3 Terrorists captured at Munich Olympics are released later, due to a threat on another attack on Lufthansa flight ("Arab Terrorists Murder
Eleven Israeli Olympic Athletes”)

Mossad
• Israel’s elite secret police
• Golda Meir gives order to kill those involved
• Over 20 years dozens of assassinations of high PLO and BSO members
• Many assassinations of people who weren’t involved
• Abu Daoud could not be killed, 1 or 2 of freed terrorists either ("Terrorists
Attack the Munich Olympics”)

• Terrorism
– Europe and US at UN against terrorism ("Black
September.”)
– Arab countries (except King Hussein ("Terrorists Attack the
Munich Olympics)) tried to stop any resolutions against terrorism
– Terrorism international issue ("Black September.”)
• Security
– In Germany (GSG9) ("Germany, Counter–Terrorism
Policy.”)
– For major sporting events
• New criteria for choosing host city ("Terrorists Attack the
Munich Olympics”)