Ch. 10: The First Global Age,
1400-1800
Mr. Chavez
World History
Fall 2014
10.3: The Growth of State PowerAbsolute Rule in Europe
 As the world expanded, the
power of states and empires
also grew
 Between the 16th and 18th
centuries, many monarchs
(kings) centralized power and
authority
 This form of rule was known as
absolutism
 Absolute monarchs claimed
that their right to rule came
from God
 This notion of God-given
authority was known as divine
right
10.3: The Growth of State PowerAbsolute Rule in Europe
 European monarchs backed up their
rule with military force
 They wanted to secure their
borders and expand their area of
control
 They used modernized weaponry
based on gunpowder technology
from China
 They developed canons for land and
sea
 Developed new methods to fortify
artillery attacks
 Monarchs paid for their new military
power by raising taxes and bank loans
Gunpowder
Revolution!
10.3: The Growth of State PowerGunpowder Empires
 Gunpowder revolution took place in Europe, eastern
Europe and Asia
 Strong states used gunpowder weapons to conquer
territory and build large empires
 The Ottoman Turks built one of the most powerful
empires
 They relied on well-trained armies and heavily artillery
 Ottoman Turks created a centralized state to support
their empire
 Their complex system of managing their government
was also known as a ________________
BUREAUCRACY
The Ottoman Empire
Modern Day Turkey
Majority of Turkish
people are Muslim.
Can you guess which
branch of Islam?
Sunni
10.3: The Growth of State PowerGunpowder Empires
 To the north, Russia also built a powerful state
empire
10.3: The Growth of State PowerGunpowder Empires
 In Persia, the Safavid Empire arose in 1501 and
collapsed in 1722
 Their greatest ruler, Shah Abbas, built a strong
centralized state and promoted art and architecture
 This branch of Islam was practiced in this empire:
________________.
 The Mughal Empire spread across Central Asia and
India
 Lasted from 1526 to 1707
 Also had a strong central government
 Government grew rich from trading cotton and spices
Shi’a
The Safavid and Mughal Empires
10.3: The Growth of State PowerEmerging European Dominance
 Despite their success, most of the gunpowder
empires declined by the late 1700s
 Safavid, Ottoman, Mughal
 In contrast, Europe was getting stronger
 1 major factor: Commercial Revolution
 Rapid expansion of business
 Fueled by overseas trade and colonization
 Gave rise to early forms of capitalism
 European states became extremely wealthy as a result
 Increased their military and political power
 Economic, Political, Social, and Cultural factors
helped Europe rise to power once more
Europe’s Rise to Power!
Now It’s Your Turn!
 Answer the following questions in complete
sentences.
 Title it Now It’s Your Turn
 Write your responses on the back of your notes
 1. Describe 2 ways that monarchs centralized their
power.
 2. How did the Commercial Revolution make Europe
powerful?
10.4: Atlantic Empires: Colonization
of the Americas
 By establishing American colonies, western
European countries…
 Built new empires
 Created new networks of exchange
 New colonies had both positive and negative effects on
the rest of the world
 Spain and Portugal established first American
colonies
 Spain colonized North and South America in the 1500s
 Portugal colonized Brazil in the 1500s
 _________________ defeated the Aztec and Inca empires
 Brought millions of Indians under their control
Conquistadors
10.4: Atlantic Empires: Colonization
of the Americas
 Social structure of the Spanish colonies was largely
based on race
 White colonists made up the top social class
 They enjoyed the most power and privileges
 Next were _______________: mixed race descendants of
Europeans and Indian
 At the bottom were native Indians; later black Africans
Mestizos
10.4: Atlantic Empires: Colonization
of the Americas
 The Catholic Church also
played an important role
in colonial society
 The spread of Catholic
beliefs was a prime
motive of the Spanish
conquest
Spanish and Portuguese Empires
10.4: Atlantic Empires: Economies
of Silver
 Silver mining became the main economic activity in
the Spanish colonies
 Spanish forced Indians to work in the mines
 Silver had an enormous impact on the world
economy
 Made into coins and increased world money supply
 Resulted in ________________: rising prices, usually caused
by an increase in money supply
 The plantation system:
 Spanish crown granted colonists large estates,
stripping away land from Indians
 Plantations grew: sugar, tobacco, cacao, cotton, etc..
inflation
10.4: Atlantic Empires: A
Continental Exchange
 Exchange of goods between the Old World and the
New World
 This was also known as the _____________________: the
transfer of plants, animals and diseases between the
Eastern and Western hemispheres
Columbian Exchange
• The Columbian Exchange also had negative effects
• Worst of all, Old World diseases spread
rapidly, with deadly effects on Indian
populations
The Columbian Exchange
10.4: Atlantic Empires: Death and
Slavery
 Old World diseases killed at least 50% of the native
population
 Amounted to tens of millions of people
 This event is called the ________________.
 The spread of disease made the European conquest
of the Americas much easier
 Less Indians to resist European colonists
 Also, less Indians to work the land
 Europeans started to import African slaves as a
result
Great Dying
10.4: Atlantic Empires: Death and
Slavery
 Slavery has existed since ancient times
 Greeks, Romans and Arabs had all used slaves before
 Major were prisoners of war
 The first African slaves were bought by Portugal in
the mid-1400s
 By the mid-1500s, most European countries were in
the practice of buying slaves as well
 By the 1800s, more than ten million African slaves
had been shipped to the Americas
 Approximately 1 out of every 6 died en route to the
Americas (approximately 2 million)
 The journey from Africa to the Americas was known as
the middle passage
10.4: Atlantic Empires: Death and
Slavery
 The slave trade had a major impact on Africa
 Slavery destroyed many African societies
 It strengthened African warlords who sold slaves
 It introduced European goods, including guns to Africa
 The slave trade had a greater impact on the Americas
 Slavery supported the plantation system which was
violent and brutal
 Left a legacy of racism and inequality that still exists
today
Slavery in the Americas
10.5: Movement of Religion & Ideas:
Spreading Faith in the Americas
 As regions became more connected, ideas and
religious beliefs spread more rapidly from place to
place
 Movement of ideas and religion also helped transform
the world
 Colonization of the Americas brought 2 LARGE
continents into the Christian world
 Catholic priests converted millions of Indians to
Christianity
 Many/most were converted forcefully
 In most cases, Indians blended Christian teachings with
their own traditional beliefs
 Catholic missionaries spread the faith into Africa and
Asia
10.5: Movement of Religion and
Ideas: New Ideas in Europe
 New ideas and ways of thinking arose in Europe
 Artist and thinkers of theRenaissance
__________________, revived
classical art and culture.
 They promotedHumanism
______________, a belief in the value of the
individual
 This new way of thinking paved the way for the
Reformation
____________, which split the Catholic Church and gave
birth to new Protestant religions
10.5: Movement of Religion and
Ideas: New Ideas in Europe
 The printing press was
crucial to the Reformation
 And to ideas in general
 Printing technology
invented by China in the 11th
century
 German metalworker,
Johannes Gutenberg
advanced the technology in
1450
 His printing press could
print 300 pages in one day
 Printing became faster and
more efficient
10.5: Movement of Religion and
Ideas: New Ideas in Europe
 This movement sought to revive Catholicism in
Counter-Reformation
response to the Reformation: _________________
 The church expanded its missionary work in the new
colonies
 Scholars and thinkers, inspired by the Renaissance,
began to study the natural world in new ways
Scientific Revolution
 This new approach to learning was called ______________
 Began in the mid-1500s and lasted through the 1600s
 Beginning in the 1700s, this movement sought to
apply scientific methods to the study of society and
its problems
Enlightenment
 _________________________