Chapter 18
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
When did the French Revolution take place?
a. 1776
b. 1769
c. 1779
d. 1789

Answer: d; 1789
Three orders in which France’s population had
been divided since the Middle Ages.

The Three Estates.

The First Estate consisted of this group.

The clergy.

The Second Estate was comprised of this
group.

The nobility.

What group made up the Third Estate?

The commoners of society.

Which of the following was not part of the Third
Estate?
 Skilled
craftspeople
 Shopkeepers
 Bourgeoisie
 Nobles
 Bankers
 industrialists

Nobles
If social conditions formed the long-range
background to the French Revolution, what was
the immediate cause?

The immediate cause of the revolution was the
financial crisis.

Who was the king of France when the
Revolution began?

Louis XVI.

The French parliament, which had not been
called since 1614, was called this.

What was the Estates General?

Where did the meeting of the Estates General
take place?

At the palace of Versailles.

Which of the following was not desire of the
Third Estate?
a.
b.
c.
d.
To abolish the monarchy.
To set up a constitutional government that would
abolish the tax exemptions.
For each deputy of the Estates General to have
one vote.
All of the above were wishes of the Third Estate.

A; To abolish the monarchy.
When the king declared that he was in favor of
the current system of voting, members of the
Third Estate called itself a National Assembly
and decided to draft a(n)_________________.

Constitution.

When members of the Third Estate arrived at
the meeting, they found the doors locked.
Where did they meet instead?

A nearby indoor tennis court.

The promise made by the National Assembly to
meet until they had drafted a French
constitution was called the ____________
__________Oath.
When the king threatened to use force against
the Third Estate, it was the common people
who saved the Third Estate from the king’s
forces.
 On July 14, 1789, what structure was taken
down brick by brick when a mob of Parisians
rushed to Paris?


The Bastille!

What was the Bastille?
A
tennis court
 An armory and prison
 Louis’ palace
 A restaurant

The Bastille was an armory and prison.

What was the Great Fear?
a.
b.
c.
d.
A plague that swept across France in the late
1700s.
A period of panic that spread through France in
the summer of the revolution.
When Napoleon states a coup d’etat
None of the above

The Great Fear was (b) a period of panic that
spread through France in the summer of the
revolution.

Aristocratic privileges, such as payment of fees
for the use of village facilities and contributions
to the clergy.

What are relics of feudalism.

This document was adopted by the National
Assembly on August 26, 1789. It was inspired
by the American Declaration of Independence
and Constitution, and the English Bill of Rights.

What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man
and the Citizen.

When women were excluded from “political
rights and functions”, she penned a
Declaration of the Rights of Women and the
Female Citizen.

Olympe de Gouges

What group led a demonstration at the King’s
palace on October 5, 1789?

Women

“We are bringing back the baker, the baker’s
wife, and the baker’s boy”

A new constitution was drafted in 1791. Under
this constitution, all males had the same rights,
but could all men vote?

No, only those men who paid a specific amount
in taxes could vote.
When Louis XVI began to lose power, Austria
and ______________threatened to use force to
restore his power.
a. Prussia
b. France
c. Spain
d. Germany


Answer: A; Prussia
Who seized political power from the Legislative
Assembly?
a. National Assembly
b. Henry VIII
c. Paris Commune
d. Marie Antoinette


C; The Paris Commune
The term san-culottes, meaning “without
breeches,” implied that the members of this
political group were
a. Women, because they wore skirts.
b. Very poor and could not afford pants.
c. Pacifists who did not use guns.
d. Ordinary patriots without fine clothes.

D; Ordinary patriots without fine clothes.
What two factions were divided over the fate of
the king?

The Girondins and the Mountain.
Who was the brutal head of the Committee of
Public Safety?
a. Jean-Paul Marat
b. Georges Danton
c. Maximilien Robespierre
d. Victor Hugo


C; Maximilien Robespierre

Between 1793 and 1794 the Committee of
Pubic Safety took control. To defend France
from threats, courts were set up to prosecute
enemies of the republic. Close to 40,000
people were killed during this period.

The Reign of Terror
 In
its attempts to create a new order that
reflected its belief in reason, the National
Convention
a.
b.
c.
d.
Declared new national holidays celebrating
great French cuisine.
Ordered the building of several new libraries
and universities, even though the treasury was
empty.
Pursued a policy of dechristianization, going
so far as to adopt a new calendar.
Drafted yet another Constitution to reflect the
ideas of the Enlightenment.

C; Pursued a policy of Dechristianization.
The word saint was removed from street names,
churches were pillaged and closed; priests
were encouraged to marry.

Under this church reform, lands belonging to
the Church were seized and sold, the Church
was secularized when bishops and priests were
to be elected by the people. Essentially, the
French government now controlled the Church.
The Civil Constitution of the Clergy.

What was the motto of the First Republic?

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

The _________was the last government of the
French Revolution.

The Directory.

Sudden overthrow of the government.

Coup d’etat

This self-proclaimed emperor ruled the French
Empire from 1799 to 1815.

Napoleon Bonaparte

After the coup, what was the new government
called?

The consulate.
Although theoretically a republic, Napoleon held
absolute power.

How did Napoleon establish peace with the
Catholic Church?

He made Catholicism the official religion in
France.

How was promotion within Napoleon’s new
bureaucracy determined?

By ability only, not rank or birth.
What was the most important of the seven
legal codes established by Napoleon?
a. The Religious Code
b. The Food Code
c. The Merchant Code.
d. The Civil Code.


D; the Civil Code (the Napoleonic Code)
It preserved the gains made by the revolution by
recognizing the principle of equality of all
before the law, the right of a person to choose
a profession, religious toleration, and the
abolition of serfdom and feudalism!
True or False?
 Napoleon shut down 60 of France’s 73
newspapers.

True!
 He insisted that all manuscripts be censored!

What was Napoleon’s final battle?
a. Trafalgar
b. Leipzig
c. Waterloo
d. Elba

C; Waterloo
The three major parts of Napoleon’s Grand
Empire were
a. The First Estate, the Second Estate, and the
Third Estate.
b. France, Morocco, and Algeria
c. The French Empire, the dependent states, and
the allied states.
d. Austria, Prussia, and Serbia


C; the French Empire, the dependent states,
and the allied states.

What battle did the British defeat Napoleon?

The Battle of Trafalgar.
How did the Russians defeat Napoleon’s Grand
Army?
a. By retreating hundreds of miles and burning their
own villages and countryside.
b. By waiting to attack during the brutal Russian
winter.
c. By splitting their meager forces in half and
attacking from two sides.
d. Making an alliance with Egypt, which launched an
attack on Turkey to draw Napoleon out of Russia.

A; retreating hundreds of miles and burning
their villages and countryside.

What term is used for the unique cultural
identify of a people based on their common
factors?

Nationalism.

Island off the coast of Turkey, where Napoleon
was first exiled.

Elba.